牛尾独活叶抗红色毛癣菌活性成分研究

为了解牛尾独活叶的抗红色毛癣菌活性,以抑菌圈大小为考察指标,对比了牛尾独活不同部位、其它独活品种和常见的抗红色毛癣菌植物之间的差异,通过单因素试验和响应面法优化牛尾独活叶提取工艺,并对牛尾独活叶提取液进行溶剂萃取和化学成分预试分析。研究结果表明:伞形科不同属植物的抗红色毛癣菌活性具有差异性,牛尾独活具有较好的抑菌活性,其叶、种子、茎和根的抑菌活性差异不大。牛尾独活叶最佳抗红色毛癣菌活性的提取工艺为:乙醇体积分数25%、液料比15∶1(mL∶g)、超声波功率220 W、提取温度80℃、提取时间30 min,在此工艺条件下,牛尾独活叶提取液对红色毛癣菌的抑菌圈为(22±0.2)mm;牛尾独活叶提取液中抑菌成分均能较好地溶解在石油醚、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇中,其中,石油醚萃取液抑菌效果最好;化学成分预试显示牛尾独活叶具有抗红色毛癣菌的活性成分可能是多酚类和黄酮类化合物。

黔产狭叶短毛独活挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析及其体外抗菌活性

目的:分离和分析狭叶短毛独活挥发油的化学成分,并考察其体外抗菌活性。方法:水蒸气蒸馏法提取狭叶短毛独活挥发油,采用GC-MS技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析鉴定,采用归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果:鉴定了51个化合物,占总离子流图峰面积的79.65%。狭叶短毛独活挥发油对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和沙门菌示出不同抗菌活性。结论:狭叶短毛独挥发油的主要化学成分是萜类化合物(47.27%),对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和沙门菌显示出不同的抗菌活性。

手工书《活叶集》

全手工书籍《活叶集》,是由全球仅存的繁体中文铅字铸字厂'日星铸字行'与作家张大春合作出版,设计师刘宜芬、高鹏翔进行全书设计,采用了中国古老的铅活字印刷、传统装帧工艺,结合独特的结构设计,赋予书籍新的可能性。'日星铸字行'位于台湾地区,1968年由张锡龄创办,张介冠继承至今。活字印刷虽是中国重要的发明之一,但在现代社会早已难觅踪迹。

夸克生物多元活菌叶面肥在玉米上应用效果

夸克生物多元活菌叶面肥是一种微生物菌剂,含有大量的有益菌,有效活菌数≥2亿/mL。为检验该产品在玉米上的应用效果,探讨其使用技术,特设该试验。结果表明:施用夸克生物多元活菌叶面肥的处理与常规施肥对照相比,公顷增加产量415.5kg,增产率4.1%,公顷增加效益327.30元。

2例富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白抗体阳性边缘叶脑炎患者的临床特点及诊治体会

目的 :总结2例富亮氨酸胶质瘤失活1蛋白(leucine-richgliomainactivated-1,LGI1)抗体阳性边缘叶脑炎患者的临床特点及诊治体会。方法 :对2017年间在太原市中心医院神经内科就诊的2例LGI 1抗体阳性边缘叶脑炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性研究。对这2例患者的临床症状、影像学检查结果、实验室检查结果及诊治过程进行分析,总结其临床特点及诊治体会。结果 :这2例患者的临床特点包括:1)近期记忆力减退、癫痫发作、伴有或不伴有低钠血症;2)对其进行颅脑MRI检查的结果显示,其双侧海马区存在异常信号或未见典型的异常信号;3)对其进行血常规检查和脑脊液检测的结果显示,其LGI 1抗体呈阳性。用激素及丙种球蛋白对这2例患者进行治疗后,其病情均获得明显的好转,但其远期预后尚需进行进一步的随诊和观察。结论 :LGI 1抗体阳性边缘叶脑炎是一种具有独特临床表现的自身免疫性疾病。对该病患者进行血清学检测可明确其病情。对该病患者进行早期正确的诊断和及时有效的治疗可显著改善其预后。在对该病患者进行治疗的过程中,能否减少激素的用量仍有待临床上进行进一步的研究。

绿豆杂交技术的研究

为了探索大田自然条件下提高绿豆杂交成功率的杂交新技术,克服育种上杂交困难的难题,作者在现有几种杂交方法的基础上,经过3年6李的实际操作,将玻璃纸带法改进为活叶包扎法,使大田杂交成功率由17.2％提到39.3％。活叶包扎法的主要特点是尽可能地保持了去雄花蕾的微环境的相对稳定,可以显著地提高大田杂交成功率。

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium forbesii

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium forbesii Boiss. and provide scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography (GC). The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 217 peaks and 100 compounds were identified, accounting for 78.3% of the total essential oil. Conclu...

Nitrate reductase activity and its diurnal variation rhythm for Camptotheca acuminata seedlings

Nitrate reductase activity (NRA) in different plant organs and leaves in different positions of Camptotheca acuminata seedlings was determined by an In vivo assay, the diurnal variation rhythm of NRA in leaves of different positions was observed,and the correlations between leaf NRA, leaf area and lamina mass per unit area (LMA) were also examined. The results showed that NRA in the leaf was significantly highest, compared with that in other organs such as roots, stems and leaves. In this experiment, the 10 leaves were selected from the apex to the base of the seedlings in order. The different NRA occurred obviously in leaves of different positions of C. acuminata seedlings from the apex to the base, and NRA was higher in the 4th-6th leaves.The diurnal change rhythm of leaf NRA showed a one peak curve, and maximum NRA value appeared at about midday (at 12:30 or so). No obvious correlations between NRA and leaf area or lamina mass per unit area were observed. This study offered scientific foundation for the further research on nitrogen metabolism of C. acuminata.

Regulation of Nitric Oxide on the Aging Process of Wheat Leaves

When the first fully expanded leaf of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings with two leaves were treated with different concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20 and 0.50 mmol/L) of nitric oxide donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were reduced by the lower concentrations (0.05, 0.10 and 0.20 mmol/L), but enhanced by the higher concentration of SNP (0.50 mmol/L). The protective effect of 0.10 mmol/L SNP was the most obvious. Furthermore, the treatment with 0.10 mmol/L SNP on the above seedlings until the fourth leaves were fully expanded attenuated the accumulation of H2O2, superoxide anion radical (O-2(-)) and MDA, also counteracted the degradation of chlorophyll and soluble proteins, especally Rubisco, both leading to the effective delay of aging process in wheat leaves. The effects of different SNP concentrations (0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.50, 1.00 and 5.00 mmol/L) also displayed a dual role in an aging experiment of chloroplasts in vitro, one of which, 0.2 mmol/L SNP treatment, protected the membrane structure and attenuated the degradation of Rubisco effectively. Based on the present results, it was inferred that lower concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) might play a role in delaying aging process in wheat leaves, i.e., might attribute to decrease the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the alleviation of further oxidative damage caused by ROS.

GC-MS Analysis of Essential Oil Constituents from Rhizome and Root of Notopterygium incisum

Aim To analyse the chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the rhizome and root of Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H.T. Chang, providing scientific basis for quality control. Methods The total essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by capillary gas chromatography （GC）. The components were determined by normalization method, and identified by GC-MS. Results GC-MS exhibited 242 peaks and 83 compounds were identified, accounting for 75.77% of the total essential oil. Conclusion In the total essential oil of the rhizome and root of N. incisum, monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes accounted for 13.63% and 67.93%, respectively, in which （ 1S）-β-pinene （ 1.67% ）, 3-carene （ 1.05% ）, limonene （ 1.22% ）, and 1S-endo-bornyl acetate （ 1.68% ） as the monoterpenes and its derivatives, and （ ＋ ） -β-elemene （6.78%）, sativene （1.54%）, α-caryophyllene （2.64%）, germacrene D （1.67%）, eudesma-4 （ 14 ）, ll-diene （2.36%）, α-selinene （2.42%）, δ-cadinene （ 1.55% ）, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatrien-1-ol （1.03%）, （ ＋ ）-elemol （5.18%）, （-）-spathulenol （1.40%）, guaiol （3.81%）, dehydroxy-isocalamendiol （ 1.06% ）, γ-eudesmol （ 1.05% ）, α-eudesmol （7.97%）, bulnesol （3.09%）, and carotol （2. 30% ） as the sesquiterpenes and its derivatives were main components. In addition, isopropyl transcinnamate was the maximum compound （ 11.3% ） of the total essential oil.

A Comparative Study on the Leaf Characteristics and Root Vigor of Bowl Lotus under Hydroponics and Soil Culture

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.

Extraction Storage and Qualitative Analysis of Free Radicals Scavenging Substances from Sweet Potato Leaves

[ Objective ] The research aimed to provide reference for the application of extracts from sweet potato leaves in anti-aging cosmetics. [ Method ] The extraction and storage conditions for free radicals scavenging substances from sweet potato leaves were optimized by orthogonal test and the bioactive components in extracts were investigated by correlation analysis. [ Result] Sweet potato leaves contain the bioactive substances scavenging DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. Extracting solvent species is the most important factor that influencing extraction yield. The optimal extraction and storage conditions are as following： water as solvent, pH 8.0 of extracting liquid, storage at 25 ℃. There is a good positive linear relationship between the content of total phenols in sweet potato leaves and corresponding scavenging rates against both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical. For the content of total flavones in sweet potato leaves, just a correlation with scavenging rate against hydroxyl free radical shown in test. [ Conclusion] The phenols in ex- tracts could effectively scavenge both the DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical, whereas the flavones in extracts can only function on the hydroxyl free radical.

“取”字形义小议

《左传·僖公二十二年》:“虽及胡耇,获则取之,何有于二毛?”这句中的“获则取之”,《中华活叶文选》(二)P135注为“可能捉住的就抓过来”,于在春《文言散文的普通话翻译(续编)》译文是“只要捉得到就要捉住他”。很明显,都把“获”和“取”训为“捉取”、“抓获”了。如此,则前后文意稍感重复,似嫌窒碍。

Effect of K^+ Nutrition on Growth and Activity of Leaf Tonoplast V-H^+-ATPase and V-H^+-PPase of Suaeda salsa Under NaCl Stress

Suaeda salsa L. seedlings grown in Hoagland nutrient solution were treated with different concentrations of NaCl combined with two levels of K + (12 μmol/L and 6 mmol/L) to study the K + nutrition effect on plant growth and leaf tonoplast V-H +-ATPase and V-H +-PPase activity. Increase of K + supply in the culture solution markedly increased the fresh weight, dry weight and K + content of S. salsa plants. Western blot analysis showed that the leaf V-H +-ATPase of S. salsa was at least composed of A,B,C,D,E and c subunits, and their expression decreased with the increase of NaCl concentration under K + starvation (12 μmol/L K +), but increased under normal K + application (6 mmol/L K +). Leaf V-H +-PPase molecular weight was about 72.6 kD and its expression increased as NaCl concentration increased under both high or low levels of K + concentration in nutrient solution. There was a positive correlation between of V-H +-ATPase or V-H +-PPase activity and the amounts of their expression. Results in this study suggest that K + nutrition plays an important role in the salt tolerance of S. salsa, and K + is involved in the regulation of V-H +-ATPase or V-H +-PPase activity under salt stress.

Effects of Ozone Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics Dwarfing Rootstock M9T337

[Objective] To investigate the effects of different ozone concentrations （30, 60, 80, 100 and 120 μg/L） on the physiological and biochemical characteristics of M9T337, so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding anti-ozone dwarfing root- stocks. [Method] The effects of different concentrations of ozone on chlorophyll con- tent, antioxidant enzyme activity, malondialdehyde （MDA） and soluble protein content of M9T337 were studied by potting dwarfing rootstock M9T337 as test material. [Result] With the increase of ozone concentration, the content of chlorophyll in M9T337 leaves decreased gradually. The activity of SOD （superoxide dismutase） and CAT （catalase） increased first and then decreased, while POD （Peroxidase） ac- tivity and MDA （malondialdehyde） content were gradually increased. [Conclusion] The comprehensive analysis of the indicators indicated that the potted M9T337 could tolerate the low concentration （〈80 μg/L） ozone stress in the short time （〈3 h）, and it would cause serious injury to M9T337 when the ozone concentration ex- ceeded 80 μg/L.

Anti-insect Bioactivity of the Extracts from Cichorium intybus L. Leaves

In order to develop a new plant-source insecticide,some active components from Cichorium intybus L.were extracted with mineral ether,ethyl ether,ethyl acetate,respectively.It were testified the effects of the components on the development of Mythimna separate Walker and anti-feeding by feeding and weighting method.The results showed that the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly lower than the control;the body weight of the larvae fed by the extracts with organic solvents was significantly different in different solvents in 3-5 days.The corrected mortality of the ethyl acetate treatment was the highest（52.05%）,and the development period of the larvae treated by ethyl acetate was about 4-10 days longer than the control and the corresponding pupating rate was the lowest（43.30%）.Therefore,the effect of ethyl acetate extract was most significant.Moreover,the pupa weight of the treatments was little more than the control.The extracts from Cichorium intybus L.leaves had highest bioactivity mainly in anti-feeding activity on Mythimna separate Walker.

PSⅡ Photochemistry and Xanthophyll Cycle in Two Superhigh-yield Rice Hybrids, Liangyoupeijiu and Hua-an 3 During Photoinhibition and Subsequent Restoration

PSⅡ photochemistry and xanthophyll cycle during photoinhibition (exposed to strong light of 2 000 μmol photons·m -2 ·s -1 ) and the subsequent restoration were compared between two superhigh_yield rice hybrids (Liangyoupeijiu and Hua_an 3, the newly developed rice hybrids from two parental lines) and the traditional rice hybrid Shanyou 63 developed from three parental lines. The results showed that the maximal efficiency of PSⅡ photochemistry ( Fv/Fm ), the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSⅡ centers ( Fv′/Fm′ ), and the yield of PSⅡ electron transport ( Φ PSⅡ ) of the three rice hybrids decreased during photoinhibition. However, a greater decrease in Fv/Fm , Fv′/Fm′ , and Φ PSⅡ was observed in Shanyou 63 than in Liangyoupeijiu and Hua_an 3. At the same time, the components of xanthophyll cycle, antherxanthin (A) and zeathanxin (Z) increased rapidly while violaxanthin (V) decreased considerably. Both the rate of accumulation and the amount of A and Z in the two superhigh_yield rice hybrids were higher than that in Shanyou 63. The de_epoxidation state (DES) of xanthophyll cycle increased rapidly with the fast accumulation of A and Z, and reached the maximal level after first 30 min during photoinhibition. Of the three hybrids, the increasing rate of DES in Liangyoupeijiu and Hua_an 3 was higher than that in Shanyou 63. After photoinhibition treatment, the plant materials were transferred to a dim light (70 μmol photons·m -2 ·s -1 ) for restoration. During restoration, both chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and xanthophyll cycle relaxed gradually, but the rate and level of restoration in the two superhigh_yield rice hybrids were higher than those in Shanyou 63. Our results suggest that Liangyoupeijiu and Hua_an 3 had higher resistance to photoinhibition and higher capacity of non_radiative energy dissipation associated with xanthophyll cycle, as well as higher rate of restoration after photoinhibition, than Shanyou 63 when subjected to strong light.

Characterization of Endopeptidases in Wheat Leaves During Dark-induced Senescence

The characterization of senescence-associated endopeptidase (EP) isoenzymes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Yangmai 158) leaves during dark-induced senescence was performed. It was found that there was much higher endoproteolytic activity in dark-induced wheat leaves than in control. Six endopeptidase isoenzymes (EP1-EP6) were identified by natural gradient-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) co-polymerized gelatin in the gel, five of which (EP1, EP2, EP4, EP5 and EP6) were only detected in senescing leaves. Treatment with 6-benzyl aminopurine (6-BA) delayed the expression of these EP isoenzymes and abscisic acid (ABA) accelerated it. The activity of EP3 could be detected at a wider range of pH and temperature levels while EP4, EP5 and EP 6 could be only detected at pH 4-5 and 30 -45 degreesC, EP1 and EP2 at pH 3-5 and 30-45 degreesC. All of the EP isoenzymes showed high thermal stability, especially EP3, EP5 and EP6 which still had activitiy even by incubation at 55 degreesC for 1 h. By using different class-specific inhibitors, EP1 and EP2 were characterized as metal-dependent cysteine-proteases, EP4 as a serine-protease.