阿魏酸及衍生物对γ射线照射小鼠活存率的影响

目的检测阿魏酸系列衍生物对8.5 Gy照射小鼠活存率的影响,以确定候选化合物。方法 ICR小鼠分为模型组、阳性药WR2721组、茜草双酯片组、阿魏酸、阿魏酸钠、5-溴阿魏酸及5-溴阿魏酸钠4种受试药高、中、低剂量组。观察药物对8.5 Gy照射小鼠活存率和死亡鼠平均活存时间的影响。结果照射对照组动物在14 d内全部死亡,阿魏酸系列衍生物可以显著提高8.5 Gy照射小鼠活存率,延长死亡鼠平均活存时间。结论阿魏酸钠对8.5 Gy照射小鼠活存效果较好,可考虑作为抗辐射药物做进一步研究。

提高0614F鼠疫菌苗细菌活存率的试验

提高０６１４Ｆ鼠疫菌苗细菌活存率的试验黄建，苏城，冯培忠（中国药品生物制品检定所）青海地方病所等培育的０６１４Ｆ株￣［１］，毒力低，未发现返祖现象，对实验动物免疫力优于现用鼠疫活菌苗ＥＶ株。是一株安全、有效的良好菌种，符合制备鼠疫活苗菌种的要求。但试...

四毒清对脂多糖攻击小鼠多器官功能障碍和生存率的影响

目的 :观察中药复方四毒清对脂多糖 (LPS)攻击小鼠生存率和器官功能的影响 ,寻找有效中药防治LPS性多器官功能衰竭。方法 :将中药四毒清按常规方法煎制成 1kg/L药液 ,以小鼠为实验对象 ,灌胃给药 ,3d后腹腔注射LPS(6 0mg/kg) ,观察小鼠生存率。另分批进行同样实验 ,观察小鼠血清丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT)活性、血清肌酐(Cr)和尿素氮 (BUN)含量及肺、肝、肾、肠的病理变化。结果 :LPS注射后 96h ,LPS组小鼠的死亡率为 73% (n =34) ,而四毒清防治组小鼠的死亡率为 35 % (n =31) ,两组死亡率有明显差别 (P <0 0 5 )。同时 ,LPS组小鼠的血清ALT活性、Cr和BUN含量明显高于对照组 ,而四毒清防治组小鼠血清ALT活性、Cr和BUN含量明显低于LPS组。病理学检查发现四毒清防治组小鼠肺、肾及小肠病变明显轻于LPS组。结论 :中药四毒清能防治LPS性多器官功能障碍 ,提高LPS攻击小鼠的生存率。

柴胡多糖抗辐射作用的实验研究

由阿拉伯糖、半乳糖等7种单糖组成的，数均分子量8100左右的柴胡多糖，对受8.5Gy照射的小鼠，在照前1h、腹腔注射5mg时，能提高30d活存率42．5％，照后30min给药，提高45％，同批阳性对照药物盐酸胱胺，提高40．5％。柴胡多糖对造血组织如脾重量、骨髓DNA含量、内源性和外源性脾结节数等指标也有保护作用，其有效程度和盐酸胱胺接近。

5-甲氧色胺对肠型放射病防护作用的实验研究

目的 寻找对肠型放射病有防护作用的药物。方法 小白鼠接受850cGy照射，在不同时间给不同剂量的5-甲氧色胺盐酸盐(5-MOT)后，观察30天活存率，与对照组比较。结果照射前10s或10’，腹腔注射1．0mg／鼠5-MOT后小鼠能提高活存率73％左右。结论 5-MOT对肠型放射病有防护作用。

甾体类固醇衍生物AGE对^(60)Coγ射线辐射C57小鼠治疗作用

考察不同剂量、不同给药途径的AGE混悬液对急性辐射损伤小鼠防护作用,研究该药物治疗急性辐射损伤小鼠的最佳治疗方案。小鼠经60Coγ射线一次性全身照射;设照射剂量8.0 Gy组,照射后皮下或腹腔注射50 mg/(kg·d-1)、100 mg/(kg·d-1)、200 mg/(kg·d-1)的AGE混悬液;均连续注射3 d,观察小鼠活动状况,30 d活存率、平均活存时间及保护系数。设照射剂量6.5 Gy组,照射后皮下注射50 mg/(kg·d-1)、100 mg/(kg·d-1)、200 mg/(kg·d-1)的AGE混悬液,观察照射后小鼠外周血血象变化。结果是AGE混悬液在一定剂量范围内[50~200 mg/(kg·d-1)]可显著提高辐照小鼠30 d活存率、平均活存天数及保护系数,皮下注射与腹腔注射治疗效果在统计学上则无明显差异。与照射对照组相比,AGE给药组能明显促进急性辐射损伤小鼠外周血血象恢复。说明AGE混悬液对小鼠急性放射病有一定治疗作用,最佳给药方案为照射后皮下注射50 mg/(kg·d-1)的AGE混悬液。

三元能量杀伤肿瘤细胞的初步研究

选用人肝癌Ｈｅｐ Ｇ－２细胞为材料，研究发放三元能量对肿瘤细胞的杀伤效果，体外实验表明，三元能量对肝癌细胞有一定的杀伤作用，降低肝癌细胞活存率。动物体内实验初步表明，发放三元能量与灌喂元明丹结合，对裸鼠体内生长的人肝癌细胞有明显杀伤作用，单纯发放三元能量对在裸鼠体内生长的人肝癌细胞也有一定的抑制作用。

Screening of Biocontrol Strain Bacillus subtilis by N^+ Ion Beam Implantation

[Objective] This study was to investigate the effect of N＋ ion beam implantation on the survival rate and mutation rate of biocontrol strain Bacillus subtilis. [Method] The factors influencing B. subtilis ion beam implantation, including culture time, dilution concentration, solvent, drying time of mycoderm were optimized. B. subtilis cells were implanted by using ion beam at dose of 2.0×10^14～4.0×10^14 ions/cm2 and the energy of 30 kev. Then the methods of culturing colonies confronting each other on plate and Oxford cup diffusion were used to screening strains. [Result] The optimal parameters were found as follows： culture in liquid for 20-24 h, dilution with sterile water to 106 cells/ml and drying time of 60 min for sample preparation; the optimal N＋ ion beam implantation dose of 2.0×10^14～4.0×10^14 ions/cm2 at the energy of 30 kev, the survival rate of 8.43%-26.71% and the mutation rate of 3.50%-5.43%. [Conclusion] This study provided reference for ion beam implantation mutation of B. subtilis.

Effects of salinity on growth and feeding of juvenile Starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus)

The survival rate, feeding, growth of juvenile Starry flounder were studied at different salinities. The results showed that when the fish was directly translated from salinity of 32 to 0 and more than 0, the survival rate was 100% in 96 hours. If the fish was acclimatized, it was still 100% in 42 days. The fish at the salinity of 0 - 16 grew faster than others; feeding rate varied as salinity changed, and the highest one was at salinity of 32 and the lowest one was at the salinity of 16. As to feed conversion efficiency, the highest one was at the salinity of 16, and the lowest one was at the salinity of 24. There were no significant differences among the treatments （P＆gt;0.05）. It was found that low salinity benefited for recovering albinism.

Effect of Different Factors on Rooting Characteristics and Survival of Lonicera japonica Thunb

[Objective] The aim was to explore the effects of different factors on rapid propagation and seedling survival of Lonicera japonica Thunb. [Method] The cuttings of 1, 2 or 3 years old, with different length, were soaked in different hormones at different concentrations for different time and planted at different dates. Finally, their rooting rate and survival rate in different treatments were measured and compared. [Result] The rooting rate and survival rate of one-year old cuttings with length of 10-13 cm and planted on September 20 and October 20, 2012 were relatively higher among all the treatments. Hormone treatment could significantly promote the callus formation and accelerate the rooting of the cuttings, and improve their survival rate. The cuttings treated with 120-200 mg/L ABT1 or NAA for 35-45 min had higher rooting rate and survival rate. Among them, the survival rate of cuttings treated with 160 mg/L ABT1 for 35 min was the highest, up to 92.5%. [Conclusion] The study provided basis for improving the survival rate of L. japonica by cuttage, and for optimizing the rapid propagation technique.

Living Conditions of Bellamya sp. in Polluted Aquatic Environment with Five Varieties of Aquatic Vegetation in Winter

[Objective] The aim was to explore living conditions of Bellamya sp. in polluted water with aquatic vegetation in different varieties. [Method] With wetland in winter simulated, effects of polluted water on SOD, MDA and survival rate of Bellamya sp. were researched to further study living condition of Bellamya sp. in wetlands at scale with aquatic vegetation. [Result] According to simulation, Altemanthera philoxeroides was highest in survival rate and Wolffia arrhiza was the lowest; SOD activity of Bellamya sp. changed from decreasing to increasing; MDA activities changed from increasing to decreasing in groups of Wolffia arrhiza, Salix saposhnikovii and control group and changed little in group of Ceratophyllum demersum and Alternanthera philoxeroides. The changes of MDA in group of Oenanthe stolonifer proved much more complicated. [Conclusion] Of the aquatic environment with five varieties of aquatic vegetation, combined group of Alternanthera philoxeroides and Bellamya sp. was of significant resistance against eutrophication, and the group of Wolffia arrhiza and Bellamya sp. proved with poorest in resistance.

Overwintering Safe Storage Methods and Regional Division of Seed-stem of Cassava in China

[Objective] In this study,the climatic features and overwintering sage storage methods of seed-stem of cassava in cassava-planting areas were investigated aiming at providing a technical guidance for sustainable development of cassava industry in China.[Method] The seed-stem of cassava was overwintered through keeping in field,piling up in the open air,burying in soil or piling up in greenhouses in Hepu,Nanning and Laibin of Guangxi,Hunan and Zhejiang.After the beginning of spring,the survival buds in seed stem of cassava were counted.And then the survival rates of buds were calculated for different storage methods.[Result] In Hepu,where the seed-stem of cassava was piled up in the open air for overwintering,the survival rates of buds were all higher than 90.00%.In particular,the survival rate of buds in seed-stem of cassava that was buried shallowly in the open field was highest（94.38%）.In Nanning,the seed-stem of cassava that was stored in greenhouses had the highest survival rate（94.98%） of buds.In Laibin,the seed-stem of cassava was usually stacked in greenhouses.Thus the survival rates of buds were almost all higher than 89.60%.Particularly,the survival rate of buds in seed-stem of cassava that was buried horizontally in soil and covered with sugarcane leaves reached the peak（98.79%）.In Jiangyong and Hangzhou,the seedstem of cassava was stored in specific facilities.So the survival rates of buds were relatively high.[Conclusion] In the frost-free areas south of 21.6° N（south of Maoming（Guangdong）-Hepu（Guangxi）-Jinghong（Yunnan））,the seed-stem of cassava can be buried shallowly in the open air or stacked and covered with film.In the light to heavy-frost areas（21.6° N-23.8° N,south of Qingyuan（Guangdong）-Laibin（Guangxi）-Lincang（Yunnan））,the seed-stem of cassava can be stacked in greenhouses,stacked and covered with film in the open air or buried vertically in greenhouses.In the heavy-frost areas and low-temperature areas north of 23.8° N（north of Qingyuan（Guangdong）-Laibin（Guangxi）-Lincang（Yunnan） to HunanJiangxi-Zhejiang）,the seed-stem of cassava can be stored in coldness-resistant caves or cellars or stacked vertically in greenhouses along with small sheds.

Sterilization Effect on Microorganisms by High Electrostatic Voltage

利用静电高压在室温条件下做了两种细菌和一种真菌(金黄色葡萄球菌,绿脓杆菌和白色念珠菌)的灭菌实验。实验中用了星形线和芒刺极两种电极结构,研究了这三种菌的存活率与电压、电晕功率和处理时间的关系。作者等也研究了正、负高压。正、负脉冲高压和交流高压对灭菌效果的影响。实验结果表明,适当选取条件,这三种菌完全可被电晕放电场杀死。静电灭菌是一种新方法,到目前为止,特别是对非液体物质的静电灭菌,尚未见报道。尽管这一技术还需进一步研究,但它为寻找新的灭菌途径提供了可能。

Effects of Sand Burial on the Survival, Growth, and Biomass Allocation in Semi-shrub Hedysarum laeve Seedlings

Hedysarum laeve Maxim. (Leguminosae) is one of the major species used frequently in revegetation of dune_field in the sandlands of the northern part of China by means of aerial sowing. Seedlings of the species after emergence above the sand surface may be buried in sand to various depths during its establishment in late spring and early summer. A study was made to examine the effects of sand burial at different levels of 0 (control), 33%, 67%, 100% and 133% of their shoot height, on the survivorship, growth, and biomass allocation pattern of H. laeve seedlings (one and two weeks old after emergence). When burial depth was up to 100% of their shoot height, about 70% seedlings died; and the burial at depth of 133% of their shoot height led to death of all seedlings. When seedlings was buried at depth of 33% and 67% of their shoot height, respectively, after six_week growth, their biomass of whole plant, blade, and root and relative growth rate were higher than the unburied counterparts. The seedlings in both 33% and 67% sand burial treatments did not significantly change their biomass allocation pattern comparing with the unburied ones. Furthermore, the number of leaves and shoot height of the seedlings in both 33% and 67% sand burial treatments were not significantly different from those of unburied individuals, respectively. The newly born leaves of the surviving seedlings, in 33%, 67%, and 100% burial treatments, during the period of experiment, were significantly more than those in control.

Predictive value of MTT assay as an in vitro chemosensitivity testing for gastric cancer:One institution's experience

AIM:To investigate the predictive clinical value of in vitro 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for directing chemosensitivity in patients with gastric cancer. METHODS:Results of a total of 353 consecutive patients with gastric cancer treated with MTT-directed chemotherapy or physician’s empirical chemotherapy from July 1997 to April 2003 were reviewed and analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS:The overall 5-year survival rate of MTT- sensitive group (MSG) and control group (CG) was 47.5% and 45.1%, respectively. The results of subgroup analysis with Cox proportional-hazards model were favorable for the MSG-sensitive group. However, no statistically significant difference in survival rate was observed between the two groups. CONCLUSION:Individualized chemotherapy based on in vitro MTT assay is beneficial, but needs to be confirmed by further randomized controlled trials.

Impact of brine acidification on hatchability, survival and reproduction of Artemia parthenogenetica and Artemia franciscana in salt ponds, Bohai Bay, China

We studied the effect of pH （pH 5, 6, 7 and 8） on the hatching percentage, survival and reproduction of Artemia strains in Bohai Bay salt ponds. Strains included parthenogenetic Artemia from Bohai Bay （BHB）, Artemiafranciscana from San Francisco Bay, and A. franciscana artificially produced in salt ponds in Vietnam. The latter was included as a potential inoculum for biological management of salt ponds. The hatching percentage of cysts after 24 h and the survival rate of the tested Artemia strains were significantly reduced when exposed to a culture medium at pH 5 for 18 d （P〈0.05）. The tolerance of Artemia to 48 h acid exposure varied with developmental stage, increasing in the following order： juvenile, nauplii, pre-adult, with maximum tolerance in adults. All strains of Artemia tested could not reproduce at pH 5. At pH levels from pH 6-8, a higher pH generally resulted in a shorter brood interval and enhanced ovoviviparity. Hence, we suggest that brine acidification has a negative impact on Artemia populations in the Bohai Bay saltworks. Inoculation of Artemia with either local parthenogenetic Artemia or exotic A. franeiscana should be feasible at pH 7-8.

Preoperative evaluation with T-staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma

AIM： To investigate the clinical value of T-staging system in the preoperative assessment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS： From March 1993 to January 2006, 85 patients who had cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed by operative tissue-biopsy were placed into one of three stages based on the new T-staging system, and it was evaluated the resectability and survival correlated with T-staging. RESULTS： The likelihood of resection and achieving tumor-free margin decreased progressively with increasing T stage （P 〈 0.05）. The cumulative 1-year survival rates of T1, T2 and T3 patients were 71.8%, 50.8% and 12.9% respectively, and the cumulative 3-year survival rate was 34.4%, 18.2% and 0% respectively; the survival of different stage patients differed markedly （P 〈 0.001）. Median survival in the hepatic resection group was greater than in the group that did not undergo hepatic resection （28 mo vs 18 mo; P 〈 0.05）. The overall accuracy for combined MRCP and color Doppler Ultrasonagraphy detecting disease was higher than that of combined using CT and color Doppler Ultrasonagraphy （91.4% vs 68%; P 〈 0.05 ）. And it was also higher in detecting port vein involvement （90% vs 54.5%; P 〈 0.05）.CONCLUSION： The proposed staging system for hilar cholangiocarcinoma can accurately predict resectability, the likelihood of metastatic disease, and survival. A concomitant partial hepatectomy would help to attain curative resection and the possibility of longterm survival. MRCP/MRA coupled with color Doppler UItrasonagraphy was necessary for preoperative evaluation of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.（OR = 2.46, 95% CI = 0.98-6.14）, and a significantly elevated risk of developing esophageal cancer among alcohol drinkers among alcohol drinkers （OR = 9.86, 95% CI = 3.10-31.38）. CONCLUSION： ADH2 and ALDH2 genotypes areassociated with esophageal cancer risk. ADH2＊1 allele and ALDH2＊2 allele carriers have a much higher risk of developing esophageal cancer, especially among alcohol drinkers.

Comparison of growth and survival of larvae among different shell color stocks of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians(Lamarck 1819)

In order to improve production and breed new broods of bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians, different-colored orange, purple and white lines were established by two mating methods of self-fertilization and mass spawning at a commercial scallop hatchery in spring, 2002. And then larval growth and survival of different lines was compared to test whether there is a relationship between shell color and growth and survival at early developmental stage. Both growth and survival have no significant differences among different experimental larvae of self-fertilization or mass spawning. Results are as following in the order of orange, purple and white shell stock. For the self-fertilization, growth rates of larvae were 6.174, 6.412, and 6.599 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates of larvae at Day 3 were 74.41%, 76.86%, and 82.05%; Day 6 were 49.14%, 65.63%, and 52.79%; and Day 9 were 25.06%, 20.80%, and 26.47%, respectively. For the mass spawning, the growth rates were 7.836, 7.941, and 7.878 μm/d, respectively. Survival rates at Day 3 were 93.05%, 91.95%, and 92.50%; Day 6 were 79.17%, 78.05%, and 82.50%; and Day 9 were 34.72%, 36.67%, and 38.33%, respectively. The absence of any relationship between shell color and growth and survival at the larval stage may be resulted from their common genetic basis.

Prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion

AIM:To investigate the prognostic factors in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) accompanied by microscopic portal vein invasion(PVI).METHODS:Of the 267 patients with HCC undergoing hepatic resection at Aso Iizuka Hospital,71 had PVI.After excluding 16 patients with HCC that invaded the main trunk and the first and second branches of the portal vein,55 patients with microscopic PVI were enrolled.RESULTS:The patients with HCC accompanied by microscopic invasion were divided into two groups:solitary PVI(PVI-S:n = 44),and multiple PVIs(PVI-M:n = 11).The number of portal vein branches invaded by tumor thrombi was 5.4 ± 3.8(2-16) in patients with PVI-M.In cumulative survival,PVI-M was found to be a significantly poor prognostic factor(P = 0.0019);while PVI-M and non-anatomical resection were significantly poor prognostic factors in disease-free survival(P = 0.0213,and 0.0115,respectively).In patients with PVI-M,multiple intrahepatic recurrence was more common than in the patients with PVI-S(P = 0.0049).In patients with PVI-S,non-anatomical resection was a significantly poor prognostic factor in disease-free survival(P = 0.0370).Operative procedure was not a significant prognostic factor in patients with PVI-M.CONCLUSION:The presence of PVI-M was a poor prognostic factor in patients with HCC,accompanied by microscopic PVI.Anatomical resection is recommended in these patients with HCC.Patients with HCC and PVI-M may also be good candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy.

Dose surgical sub-specialization influence survival in patients with colorectal cancer?

AIM:To perform a review of patients with colorectal cancer to a community hospital and to compare the risk-adjusted survival between patients managed in general surgical units versus a colorectal unit. METHODS:The study evaluated all patients with colorectal cancer referred to either general surgical units or a colorectal unit from 1/1996 to 6/2001.These results were compared to a historical control group treated within general surgical units at the same hospital from 1/1989 to 12/1994.A Kaplan- Meier survival analysis compared the overall survivals (all- cause mortality) between the groups.A Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the influence of a number of independent variables on survival.These variables included age,ASA score,disease stage,emergency surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy,disease location,and surgical unit. RESULTS:There were 974 patients involved in this study. There were no significant differences in the demographic details for thethree groups.Patients in the colorectal group were more likely to have rectal cancer and Stage Ⅰ cancers, and less likely to have Stage Ⅱ cancers.Patients treated in the colorectal group had a significantly higher overall 5-year survival when compared with the general surgical group and the historical control group (56 % versus 45 % and 40 % respectively,P<0.01).Survival regression analysis identified age,ASA score,disease stage,adjuvant chemotherapy,and treatment in a colorectal unit (Hazards ratio:0.67;95 % CI:0.53 to 0.84,P =0.0005),as significant independent predictors of survival. CONCLUSION:The results suggest that there may be a survival advantage for patients with colon and rectal cancers being treated within a specialist colorectal surgical unit.