中国女神之特色的理论思考

本文根据汉族和 ５５个少数民族１４９６位女神神话及其民俗文化遗存，从神话之典籍传承、口 语传承、民俗传承等三大传承方式中，探索中国女神之多元一体性、原始性、活形态性、多神系性、古典群体 主义的道德性、爱情生活之重情性、重德性、广义性等１６性，总结了中国女神的特色。

Screening of a Novel Bioflocculant-producing Strain and Research on Its Flocculation

[Objective] This study aimed to screen a bacterial strain capable of producing bioflocculant. [Method] A bacterial strain T-11 capable of producing bioflocculant was isolated from activated sludge. Detailed tests on the morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics were carried out and identification was performed to identify the strain. Finally, the bioflocculant was isolated and purified, and the flocculating activity and chemical characteristics were measured. [Result] It was identified as Serratia plumuthica based on its morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. This strain secreted flocculant best in a culture medium which included sucrose and NaNO3. The maximal cell growth was achieved within 10 h and the flocculating activity paralleled to it. It was found to be effective for flocculation of kaolin suspension, when added at a final concentration of 0.7 mg/L, over a range of pHs （2-7）, and temperature （approximately 30-80 ℃）. Chemical analysis indicated that the bioflocculant was an acidic polysaccharide consisting of glucose, glucuronic acid and galactose, talose and altrose. Infrared spectrum analysis also revealed typical characteristics of polysaccharides. [Conclusion] The biofloccu- lants produced by strain T-11 can greatly improve the ability of activated sludge to settle.

Effects of Dietary Stachyose on Growth Performance, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Intestinal Morphology of Juvenile Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L)

A 12-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary stachyose on the growth performance, digestive enzymes activities and intestinal structures of juvenile turbot(Scophthalmus maximus L). Five isonitrogenous(49.58% crude protein) and isolipidic(10.50% crude lipid) diets were formulated to contain 0(Control), 0.625%(S-0.625), 1.25%(S-1.25), 2.5%(S-2.5) and 5%(S-5) stachyose, respectively. With the increase of stachyose level, the growth performance and feed utilization of turbot, such as the specific growth rate, final mean body weight, weight gain rate and feed efficiency, increased significantly(P < 0.05) and then stabilized. The feed intake of fish fed S-5 was significantly higher(P < 0.05) than that of fish in other groups. The activities of trypsin, intestinal caseinolytic, stomach and intestinal amylase were significantly influenced by stachyose(P < 0.05). The highest values of trypsin and intestinal caseinolytic activities were observed in group S-1.25, while the highest activity of stomach amylase and the lowest activity of intestine amylase were observed in group S-5. No lesion or damage was found on the distal intestine structures of fish from all treatments, while the height of simple folds in the distal intestine was significantly increased(P< 0.05) when 1.25% or 2.5% stachyose was added in the diets. These results indicated that moderate level of stachyose(1.25%) improves the growth performance, feed utilization, digestive enzyme activities and the distal intestine structures of juvenile turbot.

The Effect of Active Tectonic to Morphology of Alluvial Fan of Shahdad in Kerman-lran

The alluvial fan of the Shahdad in Derakt-Tangan River is one of the biggest alleviation in total dry area in the north eastern Kerman. This alluvial fan is formed effected by different materials erosion in drainage basin of Derakt-Tangan River and laying these materials in the final part of this drainage basin called Lut. Tectonics activate with efficacy in the place of the settlement of the alluvial fan. The region, which is being studied, is one of the active tectonic regions. The severe tectonic activities in the studying region have been proved by several observations. One of the most important evidences in the region is the various faults in the area and implies to fan alluvium （from head to end）, study line profile in past and present. The most important fault of the region is the great fault of ＂Nay band＂, the southern fault of Shahdad and the series of faults having the direction of north-western to south-eastern and northern and southern. The drainage basin of alluvial fan of the Derakt-Tangan River leads from east to Kavir-lut, from west to the Baghe-Bala Mountains and Kalisaky from The aim of this article is the morphology of Derakt-Tangan north to the altitutes of Dahran and from south to the mountains of Jeffan river fan indicative on neotectonics in the region.

Relationship Between Iron Oxides and Surface Charge Characteristics in Soils

The relationship between iron oxides and surface charge characteristics in variable charge soils ( latosol and red earth ) was studied in following three ways. ( 1 ) Remove free iron oxides ( Fed ) and amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) from the soils with sodium dithionite and acid ammonium oxalate solution respectively. ( 2 ) Add 2% glucose ( on the basis of air-dry soil weight ) to soils and incubate under submerged condition to activate iron oxides, and then the mixtures are dehydrated and air-dried to age iron oxides. ( 3 ) Precipitate various crystalline forms of iron oxides onto kaolinite. The results showed that free iron oxides ( Fed ) were the chief carrier of variable positive charges. Of which crystalline iron oxides ( Fed-Feo ) presented mainly as discrete particles in the soils and could only play a role of the carrier of positive charges, and did little influence on negative charges. Whereas the amorphous iron oxides ( Feo ) , which presented mainly as a coating with a large specific surface area, not only had positive charges, but also blocked the negative charge sites in soils. Submerged incubation activated iron oxides in the soils, and increased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, which resulted in the increase of positive and negative charges of soils. Dehydration and air-dry aged iron oxides in soils and decreased the amount of amorphous iron oxides and the degree of activation of iron oxide, and also led to the decrease of positive and negative charges. Both the submerged incubation and the dehydration and air-dry had no significant influence on net charges. Precipitation of iron oxides onto kaolinite markedly increased positive charges and decreased negative charges. Amorphous iron oxide having a larger surface area contributed more positive charge sites and blocked more negative charge sites in kaolinite than crystalline goethite.

Foregut duplication cysts:A report of two cases with emphasis on embryogenesis

Duplication cyst of the stomach with a pseudostratifie columnar ciliated epithelium is extremely rare.We de scribe two cases of these cysts,with emphasis on the immunophenotype and embryogenesis.The first patien was a 29-year-old man who presented with crampin abdominal pain in his left lower quadrant.The secon patient was a 26-year-old woman who had a history over several years,of chronic epigastric abdominal pai radiating to her back.Both lesions were surgically re moved.They showed the same histomorphology.Th cysts were lined by a pseudostratified respiratory ep thelium with ciliated cells.The first cyst was connecte to the stomach,while the second cyst was not connect ed.Both cysts expressed thyroid transcription factor(TTF-1) and surfactant.In this report,we explore th possible embryogenesis of these lesions in the light o TTF-1 and surfactant expression.

Effect of chitosan on tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) accumulation, hydrolase activity, and morphological abnormalities of the viral particles in leaves of N. tabacum L. cv. Samsun

The effect of chitosan on the development of infection caused by Tobacco mosaic virus(TMV) in leaves of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Samsun has been studied. It was shown that the infectivity and viral coat protein content in leaves inoculated with a mixture of TMV(2 μg/mL) and chitosan(1 mg/mL) were lower in the early period of infection(3 days after inoculation), by 63% and 66% respectively, than in leaves inoculated with TMV only. Treatment of leaves with chitosan 24 h before inoculation with TMV also caused the antiviral effects, but these were less apparent than when the virus and polysaccharide were applied simultaneously. The inhibitory effects of the agent decreased as the infection progressed. Inoculation of leaves with TMV together with chitosan considerably enhanced the activity of hydrolases(proteases, RNases) in the leaves, in comparison with leaves inoculated with TMV alone. Electron microscope assays of phosphotungstic acid(PTA)-stained suspensions from infected tobacco leaves showed that, in addition to the normal TMV particles(18 nm in diameter, 300 nm long), these suspensions contained abnormal(swollen, "thin" and "short") virions. The highest number of abnormal virions was found in suspensions from leaves inoculated with a mixture of TMV and chitosan. Immuno-electron microscopy showed that "thin" virus particles, in contrast to the particles of normal diameter, lost the ability to bind to specific antiserum. It seems that the chitosan-induced activation of hydrolases stimulates the intracellular degradation of TMV particles and hence hydrolase activation may be considered to be one of the polysaccharide-mediated cellular defense mechanisms that limit virus accumulation in cells.

Effects of synthetic conditions of pulse galvanostatic method on electroactivity of polyaniline

Nano-fibrous polyaniline was synthesized on stainless steel electrode in 0.5mol·L-1 H2SO4 solution by pulse galvanostatic method. The effects of synthetic conditions of pulse galvanostatic method on the electroactivity of polyaniline were investigated. The results show that the electroactivity of polyaniline film strongly depends on the synthetic conditions, such as the ratio of “on time” to “off time”(ton/toff), frequency, monomer concentration, temperature and mean current density. Different electroactivities of polyaniline are caused by different morphologies of polyaniline. The nano-fibrous polyaniline has higher electroactivity than polyaniline with other morphologies. Under the following conditions: mean current density of pulse galvanostatic method 13mA·cm-2, ton/toff 1, frequency 200Hz, monomer concentration 0.3mol·L-1 and temperature 20℃, nano-fibrous polyaniline film with the highest electroactivity can be obtained.

Complementary Notes on a ‘Well-known’ Marine Heterotrichous Ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré-Fremiet, 1936 (Protozoa, Ciliophora)

The living morphology and infraciliature of a heterotrichous ciliate, Folliculinopsis producta (Wright, 1859) Frauré Fremiet, 1936, which was collected from the north coast of China, were investigated by in vivo observation and protargol impregnation techniques. As a new contribution, a redescription is presented: large Folliculinopsis of green to dark green in color, 800-1500 μm in size; two peristomial lobes of approximately equal size, 300-400 μm in length; adoral zone of membranelles containing about 1000 membranelles, lying along lobe margins and exhibiting two circles within buccal cavity; 50-70 somatic kineties in mid body; macronucleus miniliform, consisting of about 20 beads; lorica smooth, vase shaped, (300-500) μm×(90-130) μm in size, with 5-12 spiral ridges on neck tube; marine habitat.

Pyropia yezoensis can utilize CO_2 in the air during moderate dehydration

Pyropia yezoensis, an intertidal seaweed, experiences regular dehydration and rehydration with the tides. In this study, the responses of P. yezoensis to dehydration and rehydration under high and low CO2 concentrations （（600-700）×10^-6 and （40-80）×10^-6, named Group I and Group II respectively） were investigated. The thalli of Group I had a significantly higher effective photosystem II quantum yield than the thalli of Group II at 71% absolute water content （AWC）. There was little difference between thalli morphology, total Rubisco activity and total protein content at 100% and 71% AWC, which might be the basis for the normal performance of photosynthesis during moderate dehydration. A higher effective photosystem I quantum yield was observed in the thalli subjected to a low CO2 concentration during moderate dehydration, which might be caused by the enhancement of cyclic electron flow. These results suggested that P. yezoensis can directly utilize COz in ambient air during moderate dehydration.

Effects of Dust on Male and Female Floral Organs and the Pollination of the Walnut

The Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China,a region important to the walnut industry,is affected by frequent heavy dust storms.Dust,including micro-particles(diameter<10μm),covers the surface of the walnut tree,thereby changing the surface-atmosphere interface microenvironment,which,in turn,influences the exterior and interior structure of the tree.Dust storms occur in spring and summer,during the flowering period of walnut,which is the key developmental stage leading to fruit formation.This study investigated the effects of dust on female flowers,male flowers,and the pollination of walnut.The morphological changes in the stigma during pollination were recorded.Stigma receptivity was studied via the benzidine–H2O2 method.Morphological features of the female floral organs and pollen were investigated using scanning electron microscopy.Pollen germination and pollen tube growth were examined by fluorescence microscopy.The results showed that dust had a significant inhibitory effect on male and female flowers,resulting in decreased catkin growth,reduced pollen viability(pollen viability was 20.13%),blocked pollen apertures,a reduced pollen germination rate on the stigma,and increased time needed for pollen tube appearance.Dust also had an inhibitory effect on stigma length and receptivity of female walnut flowers,with the length of the walnut stigma being reduced by 0.25~0.80 mm during the flowering process.In addition,there was decreased stigma mucus,resulting in stigma atrophy,decreased amount of pollen on the stigma,weakened stigma receptivity,and accelerated drying of female flowers.In the Tarim Basin,walnut flowering occurd at the same time as dust storms do,which had a negative impact on the floral organ,flowering and pollination of walnut.

Influence of heavy metal stress on morphology and physiology of Penicillium chrysogenum during bioleaching process

In order to improve the efficiency of bioleaching heavy metal from the contaminated soil using Penicillium chrysogenum(P.chrysogenum),experiment was conducted to evaluate the influence of heavy metal stress on P.chrysogenum during bioleaching.The morphology and physiology of P.chrysogenum were observed.Assuming that the heavy metals are all leached out from the experiment soil,heavy metals are added into the agar medium by simulating the heavy metal content in the soil.It is concluded that the survivable heavy metal contaminated soil mass range for P.chrysogenum is 2.5-5.0 g.As for biomass determination,the contaminated soil is added into the liquid medium directly.The soil mass that P.chrysogenum can be survivable is in the range of 2.5-8.75 g.In this mass range,the biomass of P.chrysogenum is bigger than that of the control sample.10 g soil mass is the threshold of the growth of P.chrysogenum.102.2 mg/L gluconic acid,156.4 mg/L oxalic acid,191.6 mg/L pyruvic acid,0.02 mg/L citric acid,0.03 mg/L malic acid and 70.6 mg/L succinic acid are determined after 15 d bioleaching.The mycelium is broken into fragments,and heavy metals are adsorbed on the cell wall or transported into the cytoplasm during bioleaching.The GOD activity declines from 1.08 U/mL to 0.2 U/mL under 400 mg/L of multi-metal stress.The influence of Pb on GOD activity is bigger than that of Cr and Cd,and the GOD activity is not influenced apparently by Mn,Zn and Cu.

Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticle and Its Morphological Control

Silver nanoparticles with different morphologies were prepared in AgNO3 aqueous solution using nanocarbon as template medium and polymer surfactant as protecting agent in an ultrasonic field.The polymer surfactant polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)was self-prepared and used directly in aqueous solution form.The molecular weight of PVP was measured by viscosimeter.The crystalline phase,component,size,and morphology of the as-synthesized silver naoparticles were characterized by XRD,TEM,FTIR,and Laser Granularity Instrument.The results indicated that ultrasonic was the key factor to deoxidize Ag+ to be Ago,nanocarbon and polymer surfactants accelerated the deoxidization reaction course and controlled the agglomeration of freshly formed silver nanoparticles,the category of polymer surfactant had decisive effect on the morphology of as-synthesized nanoparticle.Well-defined dendrites silver nanoparticle could be attained when choosing PVP as surfactant in AgNO3 aqueous solution,while regular sphere silver nanoparticle could be synthesized in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)surfactant.Moreover,the concentration of AgNO3 and ultrasonic action time also had obvious effect on the morphology of silver nanoparticle,low concentration of AgNO3 and long time of ultrasonic were not in favor of forming dendrite silver.

Pathogenesis of congenital pyrimidine 5′ -nucleotidase | deficiency: A study on relationship among erythrocyte morphology, enzyme protein content and activity

Objective: To further explore the mechanism of congenital pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase I deficiency. Methods; The samples were collected from the family members of a patient with P5'N- I deficiency. The enzyme activities were measured by UMP method and the enzyme proteins were quantified by ELISA while the morphology of peripheral blood cells was observed. Results: The enzyme contents reduced as their enzyme activities decreased in the family especially in four members. There was a significant positive correlation(r =0. 955) between the activity and the content of P 5'N- I . The count of the stippling cell was varied in the family. Conclusion.- One of the reasons for congenital P5' N- I deficiency might be the deficiency in the enzyme content. The morphology of peripheral blood erythrocyte may be an assistant diagnotic index. The P5'N- I activities and contents were measured simultaneously may be a effective method in clinic diagnosis.

Morphology-dependent nanocatalysis on metal oxides

The design and fabrication of solid nanomaterials are the key issues in heterogeneous catalysis to achieve desired performance. Traditionally, the main theme is to reduce the size of the catalyst particles as small as possible for maximizing the number of active sites. In recent years, the rapid advancement in materials science has enabled us to fabricate catalyst particles with tuna- ble morphology. Consequently, both size modulation and morphology control of the catalyst particles can be achieved inde- pendently or synergistically to optimize their catalytic properties. In particular, morphology control of solid catalyst particles at the nanometer level can selectively expose the reactive crystal facets, and thus drastically promote their catalytic performance. In this review, we summarize our recent work on the morphology impact of Co304, CeO2 and Fe203 nanomaterials in catalytic reactions, together with related literature on morphology-dependent nanocatalysis of metal oxides, to demonstrate the importance of tuning the shape of oxide-nanocatalysts for prompting their activity, selectivity and stability, which is a rapidly growing topic in heterogeneous catalysis. The fundamental understanding of the active sites in morphology-tunable oxides that are enclosed by reactive crystal facets is expected to direct the development of highly efficient nanocatalysts.

Facile synthesis of gold nanoflowers as SERS substrates and their morphological transformation induced by iodide ions

We report a new strategy to prepare gold nanoflowers （AuNFs） using a two-step seed-mediated method. The as-prepared AuNFs were employed as surface-enhance Raman scattering （SERS） substrates, showing strong signal enhancement. We further found that iodide ions （I^-） could selectively induce the morphological transformation of AuNFs to spheres, resulting in a blue-shift of the localized surface plasmon resonance （LSPR） bands, a color change of the AuNFs solution from blue to red, and decreased SERS activity. This behavior allows the AuNFs to be used in the determination of I^-.

Honeycomb silicon: a review of silicene

Silicene, a new allotrope of silicon in a twodimensional honeycomb structure, has attracted intensive research interest due to its novel physical and chemical properties. Unlike carbon atoms in graphene, silicon atoms prefer to adopt sp2/sp3-hybridized state in silicene,enhancing chemical activity on the surface and allowing tunable electronic states by chemical functionalization. The silicene monolayers epitaxially grown on Ag(111) surfaces demonstrate various reconstructions with different electronic structures. In this article, the structure, phonon modes, electronic properties, and chemical properties of silicene are reviewed based on theoretical and experimental works in recent years.

Criterion and flexibility of operation difficulty for perfect teleportation of arbitrary n-qutrit state with (n:n)-qutrit pure state

Under the preconditions that a (n:n)-qutrit pure state is taken as the quantum channel to teleport an arbitrary n-qutrit state and the sender is able to perform generalized-Bell-state measurements and publish the results, the necessary transformation operation in the receiver's site is worked out in terms of the technique of swapping states. A criterion on whether such quantum channel can be utilized for perfect teleportation is derived by virtue of the unitarity of the resultant transformation operator. Moreover, the flexibility between the measurement difficulty and the reconstruction difficulty is shown and discussed.

Surfactant effect of antimony addition to the morphology of self-catalyzed InAS1-xSbx nanowires

The effect of Sb addition on the morphology of self-catalyzed InAsSb nanowires （NWs） has been systematically investigated. InAs NWs were grown by molecular beam epitaxy with and without antimony （Sb） flux. It is demonstrated that trace amounts of Sb flux are capable of tuning the geometry of NWs, i.e., enhancing lateral growth and suppressing axial growth. We attribute this behavior to the surfactant effect of Sb which results in modifications to the kinetic and thermodynamic processes. A thermodynamic mechanism that accounts for Sb segregation in InAsSb NWs is also elucidated. This study opens a new route towards precisely controlled NW geometries by means of Sb addition.