广西横县不同地域茉莉花香气组分含量分析

【目的】分析广西横县不同区域种植茉莉花的香气组分及其含量和相应土壤的活性中微量元素含量,为各地茉莉花种植技术改良和花茶窨制工艺提升提供参考依据。【方法】采集广西横县11个典型茉莉花种植样点(分别为1~11号样点)的商品茉莉花花样及对应地块的土壤样品,对茉莉花的挥发性组分进行GC-MS检测,同时检测土壤的活性中微量元素含量,分析不同区域种植茉莉花的香气组分含量差异及主要香气组分含量与土壤活性中微量元素含量的相关性,通过回归分析探讨不同活性中微量元素含量对主要香气组分积累的影响。【结果】广西横县茉莉花的香气组分包含醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类、酸类、烷烃类和其他类等7类化合物化合物。从11个茉莉花种植样点的22份茉莉花样品中检测到可鉴定的挥发性物质242种,其中含量较高的物质分别为(E)-2-己烯醛、芳樟醇、苯甲醛、己醛和(E)-3-己烯-1-醇等,其平均相对含量分别为21.72、12.06、5.21、2.75和2.37;3、4、9、10和11号样点茉莉花的香气组分总相对含量均高于平均值。相关分析和回归分析结果表明,土壤中交换性钙、交换性镁含量与茉莉花香气组分相对含量排前10位的(E)-2-己烯醛、己醛、八甲基环四硅氧烷和2-辛酮含量呈显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01)负相关,与己酸含量呈显著正相关。【结论】广西横县不同种植区域茉莉花的香气组分及其含量存在较大差异,但采样点位置与茉莉花香气组分相关性不明显。茉莉花香气组分主要分为醇类、酯类、醛类、酮类、酸类和烷烃类化合物等;在茉莉花香气组分的生成和积累过程中,土壤交换性钙和交换性镁含量的增加会抑制茉莉花中(E)-2-己烯醛、己醛、八甲基环四硅氧烷和2-辛酮积累,促进己酸含量提高,因此,调节土壤交换性钙和交换性镁含量可作为后续茉莉花种植技术优化的重要方法。

Differences of Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Upper Fresh Leaves and Post-growth Roots in Different Quality Stages

In order to explore the physiological and biochemical characteristics of fresh upper leaves and roots of different qualities of tobacco, the malonaldehyde （MDA）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity, chlorophyllase activity, amylase activity, medium trace element content, chemical component content, root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the normal tobacco leaves, tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves were studied. The results showed that compared with the normal tobacco leaves, the root fresh weight, dry weight and activity in the premature grey tobacco leaves decreased by 41.22%, 14.44% and 60.29% respectively, while malonaldehyde content increased by 34.82%, and chlorophyllase, α-amylase, β-amylase and SOD activity declined by 89.55%, 65.71%, 71.26% and 37.25% respectively. Chlorophyllase, co-amylase and 13-amylase activity in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients decreased by 58.76%, 36.19% and 41.93% respectively. The content of medium trace elements in the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves was lower than that of the normal tobacco leaves. Starch, total sugar, reducing sugar and potassium content in the normal tobacco leaves were higher than that of the tobacco leaves rich in nutrients and premature grey tobacco leaves.