7种杀菌剂对3种林木腐烂病菌的毒力测定及活性评价

林木腐烂病是苹果树、梨树和杨树等林木枝干的重要真菌性病害。为了筛选出对苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali var.mali、梨树腐烂病菌V.mali var.pyri和杨树腐烂病菌V.sordida等3种不同寄主腐烂病菌都能有效防控的杀菌剂,本研究开展室内毒力试验比较了7种杀菌剂对3种腐烂病病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制效果,并进一步通过田间活性测定试验比较7种杀菌剂对梨树腐烂病病斑扩展和分生孢子发生的防治效果,同时测定了增效剂8.6%聚乙二醇(PEG)对7种杀菌剂的增效作用。毒力测定结果表明,苯醚甲环唑、戊唑醇、吡唑醚菌酯和丙唑·多菌灵对3种腐烂病病原菌菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发的抑制作用较强,其中EC_(50)平均值最低的是苯醚甲环唑,而戊唑醇的MIC平均值最低,在0.33 mg/L浓度下对3种腐烂病病原菌的菌丝生长和分生孢子萌发抑制率均达到100%。田间试验结果表明,45%苯醚甲环唑SC、43%戊唑醇SC和35%丙唑·多菌灵SE对梨树腐烂病病斑扩展和分生孢子萌发的防治效果突出,其中45%苯醚甲环唑SC 30.00 mg/L对病斑扩展防治效果达到82.23%,孢子萌发抑制效果达到85.96%,田间防治效果最好。10%丙硫唑SC+8.6%PEG处理组对病斑扩展防治效果提高了15.39百分点,达到73.46%,分生孢子萌发抑制率提高了23.75百分点,达到83.06%,增效作用显著。本研究为苹果树、梨树和杨树等3种寄主腐烂病的化学防控提供了科学依据。

苏云金杆菌毒力活性影响因子研究

以小菜蛾 (PlutellaxylostellaL .)为试虫 ,测定了生物、化学等多种物质对苏云金杆菌毒力活性的影响。结果表明 ,抑太保、杀虫单等杀虫剂对苏云金杆菌有显著增效作用 ;化学试剂硼酸对苏云金杆菌增效显著 ;粘虫颗粒体病毒同样可以提高苏云金杆菌的毒力 ,而枯草杆菌对Bt、不同苏云金杆菌菌株间呈相加作用。

高比例新能源接入下电网灵活性爬坡能力市场化获取机制现状分析及思考

高比例新能源接入下电网灵活性爬坡能力不足不仅会影响系统运行可靠性,同时在市场环境下将产生经济性问题,因此需通过市场化方式获取电网灵活性爬坡能力。首先对比分析了电网灵活性爬坡能力同调频、备用等传统调节能力的区别,说明其市场化获取的必要性;然后详细介绍了美国爬坡能力产品的市场设计,分析其实施效果;拓展介绍英国、德国的相关机制,对比各类灵活性爬坡能力的获取方式;综述电网灵活性爬坡能力的模型建立、市场化获取与市场运营效果等方面的研究,展望未来研究趋势;最后,结合中国的市场发展现状,从灵活性产品多样、灵活性资源多元、市场化定价机制、分阶段市场化构建等方面对我国电网灵活性爬坡能力的获取方式进行了深入思考。

11种杀虫剂对小菜蛾幼虫的室内毒力活性测定

采用浸叶法测定了11种杀虫剂（阿维菌素、巴丹、多杀菌素、高效氯氰菊酯、丁醚脲、氟虫腈、BT、溴虫腈、茚虫威、虫酰肼、定虫隆）对温州龙湾区永强镇和瑞安市莘城镇小菜蛾F1代3龄中期幼虫的毒力，实验结果显示：11种杀虫剂对龙湾区小菜蛾的致死中浓度依次分别为8．05mg／L、115．1mg／L、1．55mg／L、1211．16mg／L、62．24mg／L、0．76mg／L、0．16mg／L、3．47mg／L、7．26mg／L、112．86mg／L、3．71mg／L。11种杀虫剂对瑞安区小菜蛾的致死中浓度依次分别为4．10mg／L、109．62mg／L、1．60mg／L、1099．92mg／L、53．98mg／L、0．79mg,／L、0．38mg／L、3．09mg／L、14．06mg／L、100．88mg／L、5．08mg／L。

噻虫胺和高效氯氟氰菊酯对瓜蚜的毒力活性及田间防效

瓜蚜(Aphis gossypii)是一种重大农作物害虫,发生普遍且为害严重。通过室内毒力测定及田间药效试验评价噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯及其混剂对瓜蚜的杀虫活性。室内毒力测定结果表明,噻虫胺及其与高效氯氟氰菊酯的2种不同剂型混剂对瓜蚜48 h的LC50值分别为2.674 mg/L、1.411 mg/L和4.119 mg/L,其毒力活性显著高于高效氯氟氰菊酯(LC50值为42.748 mg/L)。田间药效试验结果表明,噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯及其二者的2种混剂对瓜蚜表现出优良防效,药后7 d的防效均高于83%。因此,噻虫胺、高效氯氟氰菊酯及其二者组成的混剂可用于田间瓜蚜的化学防控。

水稻应用力力加植物活性营养液试验研究

试验研究表明，水稻应用力力加植物活性营养液处理后，具有增产作用。

转基因抗虫玉米对根际土壤主要有机元素含量和酶活性的影响

为评估转基因抗虫玉米IE09S034对土壤生态系统的影响,开展转基因玉米IE09S034对土壤主要有机元素含量和酶活性影响的试验研究。连续2年,在玉米苗期、花期和成熟期,采用抖落法采集根际土壤样品,通过室内测定,分析转基因玉米IE09S034对根际土壤含水量、pH值、主要有机元素含量和酶活性的影响。结果表明,转基因玉米IE09S034较对应的非转基因玉米根际土壤含水量、pH值、主要有机元素含量和酶活性无显著性差异,但不同生育期对各指标有显著性影响。结果可为转基因玉米IE09S034的环境安全提供新的依据。

苏云金芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及伴孢晶体蛋白生物毒力效果分析

为发掘苏云金芽孢杆菌伴孢晶体蛋白对烟草甲幼虫生物毒力活性。以复烤片烟云烟87为供试材料,通过醋酸钠+抗生素的方法从烟叶表面分离菌株,采用生理生化指标对比和16S rDNA测序鉴定出苏云金芽孢杆菌。确定了其伴孢晶体的形态和基因型,考察了Bt菌株生长周期,分析了伴孢晶体蛋白并对烟草甲幼虫的毒力活性。结果表明:①分离得到的Bt菌株能产生菱形的cry1型和球形的cry8型伴孢晶体蛋白,其伴孢晶体蛋白对3~4周龄的烟草甲幼虫有很高的毒力活性。②分别使用不同浓度晶体蛋白处理后的烟叶感染烟草甲幼虫,1 d后幼虫出现死亡现象,形态变为黑褐色,生物毒力分别随感染时间和蛋白浓度梯度的增加而逐步提高。③感染4 d后150,10 mg/L的死亡率分别达(96.67±4.22)%,(51.11±5.02)%。结果不仅表明分离得到的苏云金芽孢杆菌伴孢晶体蛋白对烟草甲幼虫具有较强的生物毒性,且为进一步利用生物性技术防治烟叶仓储害虫提供理论参考。

几种植物提取物对枸杞瘿螨的杀虫活性测定

将4种植物提取物对枸杞瘿螨的毒力活性进行了测定,结果表明:艾叶、蛇床子提取物具有较强的毒力活性,两种提取物在稀释1000倍和2000倍时对枸杞瘿螨的毒杀效果均达90%以上,通过毒力回归分析得LC50分别为0.1671 mg/ml和0.1529mg/ml。

适应水电参与的灵活性爬坡产品交易机制

近年来新能源并网比例不断提高,需要更多的灵活性资源参与调度以应对其出力波动性和不确定性。为了激励以水电为代表的快速爬坡资源参与灵活性爬坡市场,有必要建立完善的灵活性爬坡产品交易机制。为此,构建了火电、水电联合参与调度的日前-日内两阶段滚动优化模型:日前阶段考虑水电机组电量约束,给出火电的机组组合与水电的参考出力;日内阶段考虑灵活性爬坡能力的获取,确定火电、水电的实际出力。通过两机组系统算例验证了模型效果,结果证明该模型充分发挥了水电优良的调节性能,有利于保障电力系统安全稳定运行,降低市场运行成本。

Effect of ultrasonic and mechanical vibration treatments on evolution of Mn-rich phases and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys

Effects of ultrasonic vibration(UV)and mechanical vibration(MV)on the Mn-rich phase modification and mechanical properties of Al−12Si−4Cu−1Ni−1Mg−2Mn piston alloys were investigated.The results show that the UV and UV+MV treatments can significantly refine and fragmentize the microstructures.In addition,UV treatment can significantly passivate the primary Mn-rich Al15Mn3Si2 intermetallics.The formation mechanisms of refinement and passivation of the grains and non-dendrite particles were discussed.Compared with the gravity die-cast alloys,the UV and UV+MV treated alloys exhibit improved tensile and creep resistance at room and elevated temperatures.These results can be attributed to the refinement of theα(Al)grains and the secondary intermetallics,the increased proportion of refined heat-resistant precipitates,and the formation of nano-sized Si particles.The ultimate tensile strength of the UV treated alloys at 350℃ exceeds that of commercial piston alloys.This indicates the high application potential of the developed piston alloys in density diesel engines.

Effects of Fe content on photocatalytic activity of CaTiO_3-Fe_x

CaTiO 3-Fex was characterized by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometry system, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and UV-visible spectra. Effects of Fe content on photocatalytic activity of CaTiO3-Fex were investigated through measuring photocatalytic degradation rate of methylene blue. The results show that chemical compositions of CaTiO3-Fex remained unchanged with increasing Fe content from 0 to 4.745%. However, the light absorption ability of CaTiO3-Fex exhibited a significant increase with increasing Fe content. Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue over CaTiO3-Fex followed the first-order reaction kinetics. Based on changes of the concentration of methylene blue and its degradation kinetics, CaTiO3-Fe0.474% has shown to have optimal photocatalytic activity. The degradation rate of methylene blue over CaTiO3-Fe0.474% was almost 100% under UV-visible light irradiation for 3.0 h. The kobs of methylene blue over CaTiO 3-Fe0.474% was 1.33 h-1 and was 7 times that over CaTiO3-Fe0.

川芎嗪仲醇类衍生物的合成及其正性肌力活性研究

目的设计合成川芎嗪仲醇衍生物,观察化合物对正常大鼠离体心脏的正性肌力作用。方法 2,5-二羟甲基-3,6-二甲基吡嗪被氧化成3,6-二甲基-2,5-吡嗪二甲醛,然后与格氏试剂反应得仲醇化合物;采用Langendorff离体灌流装置观察化合物对大鼠离体心脏心功能的影响。结果 中间体和目标化合物经氢谱(1H-NMR)、碳谱(13C-NMR)、红外(IR)、质谱(MS)确证结构;正性肌力活性实验结果显示,川芎嗪衍生物对正常大鼠离体心脏产生正性肌力作用,对心率无影响。结论 川芎嗪仲醇衍生物具有正性肌力作用,且随着取代烷基的增长,其正性肌力活性减弱。

Photocatalytic activity of Fe-doped diopside

UV-visible light induced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) over Fe-doped diopside was investigated. The structure, composition, morphology and absorption property of UV-visible light of as-prepared samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, FTIR and UV-vis DRS. The experimental results show that doping Fe3+ induced the formation of some new species in diopside, and promoted light adsorption property of diopside in UV-visible region. Photochemical reactivity of Fe-doped diopside obviously depended on the content of doping Fe3+. The diopside with 1.848% Fe3+ exhibited the superior photocatalytic activity with 95% degradation of MB under UV-visible light for 3 h. The photocatalytic degradation kinetics of MB over all samples showed the first-order reaction nature.

苏云金杆菌Tm13—14菌株的生物学和对昆虫的毒性

本文报道从黄粉虫死亡幼虫体中分离到一株苏云金杆菌Tm13-14菌株。经鉴定为BtH_1血清型,晶体型为含有thu(H_1)、K-1(H_3ab)和tol(H_9)晶体抗原的复合型。该菌制剂的毒力测定表明,对鳞翅目、双翅目和鞘翅目的某些昆虫具有毒性。

离子液体中6-(2,3-环氧丙氧基)-2(1H)-喹啉酮及其衍生物的合成

6-(3-氨基-2-羟基丙基)-2-(1H)-喹啉酮衍生物被发现具有新的正性肌力的活性.设计合成了一系列新的氨丙醇类喹啉酮化合物.首先研究了6-羟基-2-(1H)-喹啉酮环氧化物2在离子液体中的合成,该反应后处理简便,收率高,对环境友好.然后用合成得到的2-(1H)-喹啉酮环氧化合物在离子液体中与一系列具有生物活性的有机碱反应,合成了氨丙醇类2-(1H)-喹啉酮化合物3.然后由6-羟基-2-(1H)-喹啉酮出发,在离子液体中,进行了一锅法合成氨丙醇类2-(1H)-喹啉酮化合物的研究.制得的2b,3b～3f6个新化合物用IR,1HNMR,MS和元素分析进行了结构表征.

Influences of 5-ALA Application on Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.) Growth before Winter

[Objective] The aim of this paper is to investigate the influences of exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid （5-aLA） application on the growth and mechanism of winter oilseed rape （Brassica napus L.） before winter. [Method] For this purpose a split-plot experimental design with four treatments of seed soaking with 0,25,50 and 75 mg/L ALA solution （CK,A1,A2 and A3） was carried out from October 2009 to January 2010 in order to observe the influences upon the growth and relevant physiological indexes of Zhongshuang 9. [Result] Seed soaking with ALA solution significantly promotes the growth of double-9 before winter,which is probably due to the fact that ALA application enhances its photosynthesis,absorption of nutrients,and its anti-oxidation abilities. The research also finds that ALA treatment notably increases its photosynthetic pigment contents,root activities,leaf nitrate reductase activities,soluble sugar contents,antioxidase activities,and significantly decreases malondialdehyde（MDA） content. [Conclusion] These results indicate that seed soaking with 50 mg/L ALA solution might have a potential application in increasing the productivity of winter oilseed rape in agricultural management.

Effects of Sunflower Artificial Aging on Seed Vigor and Physiological Characteristics

[Objective]The aim was to study the effects of sunflower artificial aging on seed vigor and physiological characteristics.[Method] The varieties of seed germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,peroxidase（POD） activity,superoxide dismutase（SOD） activity and malondialdehyde（MDA） content for four sunflower germplasms such as＇SunM20＇,＇Deep Purple Minle＇,＇Da San Kui Hua 4＇and＇Ji Kui 24＇were studied under high temperature and high humidity conditions（100% RH,45 ℃） for different days（0 d,2 d,4 d,6 d,8 d,10 d）.[Result]The result showed that the germination capacity,vigor of germination,germination index,vigor index,POD activity,SOD activity declined gradually with the increase of seed aging days,whereas MDA content enhanced by degrees;The diggerences of resistance to artifical aging existed among the four accessions,＇SunM20＇was the most resistant one,and exhibited the strongest seed vigor,highest activities of two protective enzyme（POD,SOD） and lowest content of MDA at the uniform condition,moreover,the seed vigor and protective enzyme activities of＇SunM20＇changed slowest among the four materials during the aging process.[Conclusion]The distinct reduction of POD,SOD activities maybe the main reasons for the decrease of sunflower seed vigor at the artificial aging,and the gradual accumulation of a few MDA accelerated seeds aging.

A Comparative Study on the Leaf Characteristics and Root Vigor of Bowl Lotus under Hydroponics and Soil Culture

[Objective] The experiment aimed to study the growth characteristics of hydroponic bowl lotus. [Method] The lotus variety Hongxia was chosen as the experimental material. Two treatments, hydroponics and soil culture were set to measure their photosynthetic indices, chlorophyll content and root vigor, and to observe their leaf tissue structure and stomatal characteristics. [Result] The findings indicated that there are no differences in the leaf physiological indices between bowl lotus under hydroponics and soil culture, while the leaf stomata of hydroponic bowl lotus is bigger and its amount is larger than that of soil-culture bowl lotus. At the same time, the ratio of the palisade tissue thickness to spongy tissue thickness is small,and its leaf tissue structure is loose. The root vigor of hydroponic bowl lotus reached its summit earlier, then began to drop. Whereas, the root activity of soil-culture lotus sustained increasing, with vigorous growth. [Conclusion] Therefore, it indicated that hydroponic bowl lotus can adapt to the aquatic-culture environment well and quickly, meanwhile, it also enters into its aging period quickly and its growth cycle gets shorter.