Effect of ^(12)C^(6+) Ions Beam Irradiation on Seed Germination and Enzymes Activity in Seedlings of Sweet Sorghum

[ Objective] The aim was to study the effect of 12C6 ＋ ions beam irradiation to two varieties of sweet sorghum on seed germination and some enzymes activity in seedlings with different doses, and provided a theoretical foundation for sweet sorghum breeding. [ Method] After germination, the germination potential, germination fraction and enzyme activity were detected, respectively. [ Result] The results showed that with the dose increased, the germination potential of sweet sorghum increased first and then decreased, while their germination fraction presented ＂shoulder like shape＂ ; the activity of LDH, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px increased first and then decreased with doses, they presented slight differences among different enzymes. [ Conclusion] Low dose radiation could accelerate germination of sweet sorghum seeds and enzyme activity could remain at a relatively high level. Enzyme activity decreased with high doses and the growth of sweet sorghum was inhibited.

ADSORPTION ISOTHERMS AND POTENTIAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF NITROGEN ON VARIOUS ACTIVATED CARBONS

The adsorption isotherms of four activated carbons （Norit Rill, Chemviron BPL, Monolit, and Ambersorb-572） have been examined by nitrogen adsorption at 77.5 K. A method for adsorption potential distribution calculation has been proposed based on the adsorption isotherms. This distribution provides information about possible changes in the Gibbs free energy caused by the energetic and geometrical heterogeneities of an activated carbon as well as by the adsorbate-related entropic effects. The general character of the adsorption potential distribution is clearly visible by its simple relation to the micropore and mesopore distribution,

Fast Fabrication and Judgement of Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy-Active Tips

The quality of the scanning tip is crucial for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)experiments towards large signal enhancement and high spatial resolution.In this work,we report a controllable fabrication method to prepare TERS-active tips by modifying the tip apex at the atomic scale,and propose two important criteria to in-situ judge the tip’s TERS activity for tip-enhanced Raman measurements.One criterion is based on the downshift of the first image potential state to monitor the coupling between the far-field incident laser and near-field plasmon;the other is based on the appearance of the low-wavenumber Raman peaks associated with an atomistic protrusion at the tip apex to judge the coupling efficiency of emissions from the near field to the far field.This work provides an effective method to quickly fabricate and judge TERS-active tips before real TERS experiments on target molecules and other materials,which is believed to be instrumental for the development of TERS and other tip-enhanced spectroscopic techniques.

生产规模O_3-BAC滤池中的微生物生物量和活性研究

利用脂磷法、SOUR法,系统研究了生产规模臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)滤池中纵向断面的生物量及生物活性.结果表明,由于O3对TOC沿程分布规律的影响,以及残余O3本身对生物的抑制作用,滤池纵向断面上的生物量先上升,在10cm填料处达到最大值后呈下降趋势.单位生物量的SOUR在10-4mg/(nmol·h)的水平,其分布状况与生物量相反.单位体积填料的SOUR在10-2mg/(cm3·h)时,在滤池0～20cm段,呈现与生物量沿程分布相同的变化趋势,从20cm向下,呈现与单位生物量的SOUR沿程分布相同的变化趋势.滤池中的生物量均具有一定的活性势(activity potential)增量,下层填料的增量较大,说明代谢活性的提高可能是生物滤池抗冲击负荷的一种途径.

Impact of Salinity on Respiration and Organic Matter Dynamics in Soils is More Closely Related to Osmotic Potential than to Electrical Conductivity

Osmotic potential （OP） of soil solution may be a more appropriate parameter than electrical conductivity （EC） to evaluate the effect of salts on plant growth and soil biomass. However, this has not been examined in detail with respect to microbial activity and dissolved organic matter in soils with different texture. This study evaluated the effect of salinity and sodicity on respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics in salt-affected soils with different texture. Four non-saline and non-sodic soils differing in texture （S-4, S-13, S-24 and S-40 with 4%, 13%, 24~ and 40~~ clay, respectively） were leached using combinations of 1 mol L-1 NaC1 and 1 mol L-1 CaC12 stock solutions, resulting in EC （1：5 soil：water ratio） between 0.4 and 5.0 dS m-1 with two levels of sodicity （sodium absorption ratio （SAR） 〈 3 （non-sodic） and 20 （sodic）, 1：5 soil：water ratio）. Adjusting the water content to levels optimal for microbial activity~ which differed among the soils, resulted in four ranges of OP in all the soils： from -0.06 to -0.24 （controls, without salt added）, -0.55 to -0.92, -1.25 to -1.62 and -2.77 to -3.00 Mpa. Finely ground mature wheat straw （20 g kg-1） was added to stimulate microbial activity. At a given EC, cumulative soil respiration was lower in the lighter-textured soils （S-4 and S-13） than in the heavier-textured soils （S-24 and S-40）. Cumulative soil respiration decreased with decreasing OP to a similar extent in all the soils, with a greater decrease on Day 40 than on Day 10. Cumulative soil respiration was greater at SAR ---- 20 than at SAR 〈 3 only at the OP levels between -0.62 and -1.62 MPa on Day 40. In all the soils and at both sampling times, concentrations of dissolved organic C and N were higher at the lowest OP levels （from -2.74 to -3.0 MPa） than in the controls （from -0.06 to -0.24 MPa）. Thus, OP is a better parameter than EC to evaluate the effect of salinity on dissolved organic matter and microbial activity in different textured soils.