以两亲性葡聚糖为表面活性剂的反胶团溶胀体系制备超大孔聚合物微球

用表面活性剂反胶团法制备超大孔苯乙烯共聚物微球,两亲性聚(葡聚糖-GMA)二嵌段共聚物为表面活性剂。考察了油溶性表面活性剂Span80在反应体系中对聚合物微球孔结构的影响规律。结果表明,随着Span80质量分数增加,聚合体系稳定性增强,Span80质量分数20%以上时,乳液电导率曲线呈现缓增-骤升-缓增的趋势,从制备微球的SEM图片看出,Span80质量分数越高,微球孔径越大,40%时孔径最理想,但修饰上的亲水基含量低,微球疏水改性效果不明显,若要将其应用于生物大分子分离纯化,还需进行改进。

微生物燃料电池系统中活性污泥菌种的分离鉴定

通过传统平板划线技术和高通量测序对不同区域污水处理厂的活性污泥进行微生物多样性分析。通过不同的筛选培养基,共挑取培养得到127株菌,16S测序得到12种不同的微生物。按照微生物分类学的种属特性将菌株分为4类,构建微生物菌团:杆菌、硝化细菌、光合细菌、混合菌。通过正交实验对菌落的生长曲线进行分析,发现筛选构建的新的菌团生长周期比活性污泥缩短约50 h,构建得到的4种菌团最佳生长温度在30℃左右,其中硝化菌团对pH的适应范围较广,在pH=5~7时都可以正常生长,杆菌和球菌在pH=7的培养基中生长最快。根据优化的培养条件和分离的菌株构建4类新的微生物菌团,代替传统的活性污泥,应用于MFC体系中。

胶团强化超滤中SDS胶团对Cd^(2+),Zn^(2+)和Pb^(2+)的竞争吸附

胶团强化超滤法是一种将表面活性剂技术和超滤技术结合的新型、高效的重金属废水治理方法.以十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为表面活性剂,对含单一镉、锌、铅溶质以及混合溶质体系进行了胶团强化超滤研究,考察了胶团对Cd2+,Zn2+,Pb2+的竞争吸附性能.研究发现,当溶液中多种二价重金属离子存在时,各离子之间存在与SDS胶团的竞争吸附,竞争能力为Pb2+>Zn2+>Cd2+;Cd-Zn有明显的协同吸附效应,而Cd-Pb,Zn-Pb则表现为拮抗吸附.

邻苯二甲酸氢钾与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺胶团相互作用

用紫外吸收光谱的方法研究了邻苯二甲酸氢钾芳香反离子与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团之间的相互作用.发现了阳离子表面活性剂胶团的加入能使芳香反离子的吸收光谱特征峰发生红移.邻苯二甲酸氢钾芳香反离子与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团混合液的紫外吸收光谱峰值λmax随pH的增大而减小.这被解释为在pH=1的酸性条件下,邻苯二甲酸氢钾会以邻苯二甲酸形式存在,阳离子表面活性剂胶团与芳香环之间的相互作用主要是阳离子-∏相互作用.在pH=13的碱性条件下,邻苯二甲酸氢钾会以邻苯二甲酸根的形式存在,邻苯二甲酸根与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团之间的相互作用主要是静电引力作用.通过测定混合体系的表面张力发现芳香反离子与胶团混合体系的表面张力比各组分的表面张力低,其原因归结于邻苯二甲酸氢根与十六烷基三甲基溴化胺阳离子表面活性剂胶团之间存在静电引力和阳离子-∏相互作用的综合结果.

现代化农业土壤活性效应——万物生土

现代化农业土壤活性效应——万物生土重庆黄伦先广大农民大力推行科学种田技术，采用大棚、地膜覆盖的种植措施，反季蔬菜、无菌果苗的栽培技术，以及肥团肥块育苗育秧，增施有机肥、有机无机复合肥、菌肥、生物活性肥等的普遍采用，原农业土壤发生了根本性变化，呈现出营...

芍药苷对LPS诱导H9C2细胞氧化应激损伤的作用

目的探讨芍药苷对脂多糖(lipopolysaccharides,LPS)诱导H9C2细胞氧化应激损伤的作用。方法采用LPS刺激H9C2细胞来检测相应的氧化应激指标从而间接反映细胞损伤程度,通过检测细胞内活性氧团基(reactive oxygen species,ROS)水平的变化来观察芍药苷对其作用。本实验将细胞分为正常对照组、LPS氧化损伤组、LPS加芍药苷组(低、中、高剂量),按实验设计因素处理后,用荧光酶标仪及流式细胞仪检测细胞内ROS水平。结果芍药苷对H9C2细胞具有低毒性,它可以降低胞内ROS的水平,且在本实验使用浓度范围内,芍药苷使细胞内ROS降低呈浓度依赖性;在本实验设计的时间范围内,芍药苷使细胞内ROS下降呈时间依赖性。结论芍药苷对LPS诱导H9C2细胞氧化应激损伤具有明显的改善作用。

Experimental and Theoretical Study of Hydrogen Atom Abstraction from C2H6 and C4H10 by Zirconium Oxide Clusters Anions

The reactions of anionic zirconium oxide clusters ZrxOy- with C2H6 and C4H10 are investi-gated by a time of flight mass spectrometer coupled with a laser vaporization cluster source.Hydrogen containing products Zr2O5H- and Zr3O7H- are observed after the reaction. Den-sity functional theory calculations indicate that the hydrogen abstraction is favorable in the reaction of Zr2O5- with C2H6, which supports that the observed Zr2O5H- and Zr3O7H- are due to hydrogen atom abstraction from the alkane molecules. This work shows a newpossible pathway in the reaction of zirconium oxide cluster anions with alkane molecules.

超大孔聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)共聚微球的制备及孔结构的调控

使用表面活性剂反胶团法制备超大孔聚(苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯)[P(ST-GMA)]共聚微球,考察了功能单体GMA含量、油溶性表面活性剂、稀释剂、交联剂对微球孔径的影响.结果表明,随GMA含量增加,微球孔径显著增大;表面活性剂用量从1.6g增加到2.0g时,微球孔径由100nm增加到720nm;随稀释剂疏水性增强,微球孔径增大;交联剂用量由1.0g增加到2.0g,微球孔径由550nm变为100nm左右.在此基础上,通过条件优化合成了具有特定孔径的不同功能单体GMA含量的超大孔P(ST-GMA)共聚微球,可连接不同配基,用于色谱分离介质及酶的固定化.

Characteristics of coal re-oxidation based on microstructural and spectral observation

In order to investigate the characteristics of re-oxidation of residual coal in goafs in close coal seam mining,scanning electron microscope and infrared spectrometer are used to study the changes of coal microstructure and chemical reaction of functional groups of eight coal samples at different ranks.Result shows that after initial oxidation,the surface morphology of pore are different,and the porosity of coal is increased and the oxygen adsorption capacity of coal is improved.The change of coal molecular structure and presence of a large amount of active oxygen-containing functional groups lead to increasing tendency of coal to further oxidation.In addition,the higher lever of the initial oxidation is,the easier the re-oxidation occurs.

Formation of active radicals and mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of phenol process using eosin sensitized TiO_2 under visible light irradiation

The role of oxygen and the generation of active radicals in the photocatalitic degradation of phenol were investigated using the eosin sensitized TiO2 as photocatalyst under visible light irradiation. Diffuse reflectance spectra show that the absorbancy range of eosin/TiO2 is expanded from 378 nm (TiO2 ) to about 600 nm. The photocatalitic degradation of phenol is almost stopped when the eosin/TiO2 system is saturated with N2 , which indicates the significance of O2 . The addition of NaN 3 (a quencher of single oxygen) causes about a 62% decrease in the phenol degradation. The phenol degradation ratio is dropped from 92% to 75% when the isopropanol (a quencher of hydroxyl radical) is present in the system. The experimental results show that there are singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical generated in the eosin/TiO2 system under visible light irradiation. The changes of absorbancy indicate that the hydrogen peroxide might be produced. Through the analysis and comparison, it is found that the singlet oxygen is the predominant active radical for the degradation of phenol.

Self-reaction of initial active groups in coal

For further understanding of self-heating of coal, we tested the reactions of seven different ranks of coal under inert atmosphere. In the test, 50-gram of coal sample ranged from 0.18 mm to 0.38 mm was put into a special designed copper reaction vessel and let pure nitrogen to flow into the coal sample from the bottom at a rate of 100 mL/min. The programmed temperature enclosure was run at a programmed rate of 0.8 ~C/min. The concentration of the carbon oxides and the coal temperature were tested. The results show that the coal reactions under inert atmosphere can generate CO and C02. The reactions under inert atmosphere are affected by coal ranks, initial pore structure of coal and sulfur content. For low ranks of coal, the productions of carbon oxides are piecewise. The coal temperature is lower than the surrounding temperature throughout the reactions under inert atmosphere, but it rises quickly and reaches a crossing point temperature in the later stage under dry-air atmosphere. Based on the analysis, it indicates the self-reaction of initial active groups exists in the self-heating of coal besides the reactions in the two parallel reactions model. Spontaneous combustion of coal is due to both the oxidation heat accumulation and the chain reaction. A new reaction model of self-heating of coal was orooosed.

Modified activated carbons with amino groups and their copper adsorption properties in aqueous solution

Activated carbons were prepared by two chemical methods and the adsorption of Cu(II) on activated carbons from aqueous solution containing amino groups was studied. The first method involved the chlorination of activated carbon following by substitution of chloride groups with amino groups, and the second involved the nitrilation of activated carbon with reduction of nitro groups to amino groups. Resultant activated carbons were characterized in terms of porous structure, elemental analysis, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, Boehm titration,and p Hzpc. Kinetic and equilibrium tests were performed for copper adsorption in the batch mode. Also,adsorption mechanism and effect of p H on the adsorption of Cu(II) ions were discussed. Adsorption study shows enhanced adsorption for copper on the modified activated carbons, mainly by the presence of amino groups, and the Freundlich model is applicable for the activated carbons. It is suggested that binding of nitrogen atoms with Cu(II) ions is stronger than that with H+ions due to relatively higher divalent charge or stronger electrostatic force.

Construction of a macromolecular structural model of Chinese lignite and analysis of its low-temperature oxidation behavior

The aim of this paper is to analyze the change in the active structure of lignite during the process of lowtemperature oxidation by constructing a molecular structure model for lignite. Using quantum computation combined with experimental results of proximate analysis, ultimate analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), a structural model for the large molecular structure was constructed. By analyzing the bond lengths in the model molecule, the evolution law for the active structure of lignite was predicted for the process of low-temperature oxidation. In low-temperature oxidation,alkanes and hydroxyls are the primary active structures observed in lignite, though ether may also react. These active functional groups react with oxygen to release heat, thereby speeding up the reaction between coal and oxygen. Finally, the content of various functional groups in the process of lignite low-temperature oxidation was analyzed by infrared analysis, and the accuracy of the model was verified.

Preparation of a halogen-free P/N/Si flame retardant monomer with reactive siloxy groups and its application in cotton fabrics

A novel halogen-free phosphorus–nitrogen–silicon flame retardant monomer with reactive siloxy groups,N-(diphenylphosphino)-1,1-diphenyl-N-(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl) phosphinamine(DPTA) has been synthesized and was applied to the fire-resistant finishing of cotton fabrics. The molecular structure of DPTA has been well characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR,1H NMR, and ^(31)P NMR spectroscopies. The chemically-grafted cotton fabrics, which were treated with 25 wt% DPTA, were obtained and confirmed by attenuated total reflectance Fourier infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR). The flame retardancy and thermal property of the treated samples were investigated by limited oxygen index(LOI), vertical flammability test(VFT), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and microscale combustion calorimeter(MCC). It is noted that in vertical flammability test, the treated samples extinguished immediately upon removing the ignition source, whereas the untreated one was completely burned out. Furthermore, TGA and MCC tests revealed that the treated samples produced a high char formation and a low heated release during combustion. The surface morphology of the untreated and treated samples and the char residues after LOI tests were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Therefore, all the results showed that the treated cotton fabrics with 25 wt% DPTA apparently improved the fireresistant and thermal performances.

SOD-like Activity of Some Cu(Ⅱ)Complexes in Micelles

The SOD-like activity of five Cu(Ⅱ)complexes[Cu(HSal)_2·EtOH,Cu(Gly)_2,Cu(Lys)_2,Cu(His)_2,Cu(Try)_2]have been studied by using cytochrome C method,as well as chemilumine-scence and ESR technique.The four surfactants(CTAB,SDS,Triton X-100 and Tween 20)werepurified and their critical miceile concentration(CMC)in phosphate buffer(pH=7.4)was mea-sured.The effects of four surfactants on O_2^- have been investigated.The co-operative effects

Adsorption of cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by activated carbon with oxygen-containing functional groups

The adsorption of aqueous cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)) have been investigated for modified activated carbon(AC-T)with oxygen-containing functional groups.The oxygen-containing groups of AC-T play an important role in Cd(Ⅱ) ion adsorption onto AC-T.The modified activated carbon is characterized by scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The results of batch experiments indicate that the maximal adsorption could be achieved over the broad pH range of 4.5 to 6.5.Adsorption isotherms and kinetic study suggest that the sorption of Cd(Ⅱ) onto AC-T produces monolayer coverage and that adsorption is controlled by chemical adsorption.And the adsorbent has a good reusability.According to the FT-IR and XPS analyses,electrostatic attraction and cation exchange between Cd(Ⅱ) and oxygen-containing functional groups on AC-T are dominant mechanisms for Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption.

A REVIEW OF OXYGEN-CONTAINING SURFACE GROUPS AND SURFACE MODIFICATION OF ACTIVATED CARBON

This review focused on the recent reports related to the function, characterization and modification of oxygen-containing surface groups of activated carbon (AC). The Oxygen-containing surface groups were briefly described, and the most frequently used techniques for characterization of the oxygen-containing surface groups on ACs were also briefly stated. A detailed discussion of the effects of the oxygen-containing surface groups on the adsorptive capacity of AC was given. The recent progresses in modification of the oxygen-containing surface groups of AC were also reviewed.

Small-sized cuprous oxide species on silica boost acrolein formation via selective oxidation of propylene

Oxide-supported copper-containing materials have attracted considerable research attention as promising candidates for acrolein formation.Nevertheless,the elucidation of the structure-performance relationships for these systems remains a scientific challenge.In this work,copper oxide clusters deposited on a high-surface-area silica support were synthesized via a deposition-precipitation approach and exhibited remarkable catalytic reactivity(up to 25.5%conversion and 66.8%selectivity)in the propylene-selective oxidation of acrolein at 300℃.Aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with X-ray absorption fine structure measurements of the catalyst before and after the reaction confirmed the transformation of the small-sized copper oxide(CuO)clusters into cuprous oxide(Cu2O)clusters.With the aid of in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ dual beam Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(DB-FTIR),the allyl intermediate(CH2=CHCH2*)was clearly observed,along with the as-formed Cu2O species.The intermediate can react with oxygen atoms from neighboring Cu2O species to form acrolein during the catalytic process,and the small-sized Cu2O clusters play a crucial role in the generation of acrolein via the selective oxidation of propylene.

Synthesis and Properties of Novel Surface Active Maleic Monomer Containing Phosphate Group

A novel surface active monomer （surfmer） containing poly（ethylene glycol） chain and terminated phosphate group was synthesized. The copolymerization of synthesized surfmer with NVP （N-vinylpyrrolidone） and with NVP and VEP （5-tert-butylperoxy-5-methyl-2-hexene-3-yne monomer） led to formation of corresponding surface-active copolymers. The capability of application of resulted copolymers as surface active macroinitiators of emulsion polymerization of styrene and as components of polymeric scaffolds was investigated.

Influence of the Surface and Structural Characteristics of Activated Carbons on Adsorptive Removal of Halo-Olefinic Impurities from 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane

Halo-olefinic impurities in 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane （HFC-245fa） product used as blowing agents, etc. could damage the human body and must be removed. Activated carbon was treated by HCI, HN03 and NaOH, respectively. The adsorptive performance of unmodified and modified activated carbons for the removal of a low con- tent of l-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-l-propene （HCFC-1233zd）, 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene （HFC-1234ze）, 1- chloro-l,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene （HFC-1224zb） and 2-chloro-l,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-l-propene （HFC-1224xe） halo-olefins in the 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane （HFC-245fa] product was investigated. These halo-olefinic im- purities could be substantially removed from the HFC-245fa product via the adsorption over activated carbon when the adsorption temperature was under 333 K, which can be attributed to the n-n dispersion interactions between the halo-olefins and carbon graphite layer. The basic surface groups of activated carbon could catalyze the decomposition of HFC-245fa to form HFC-1234ze. However, the significant increase in the amount of surface acidic groups of activated carbon led to a distinct decrease of adsorption capacity due to the reduction in the mi- cropore volume of adsorbent and a decrease in the strength of the n-n dispersive interactions between halo- olefin molecules and carbon basal. The breakthrough time of halo-olefinic impurities on activated carbon in- creased with the increase of molecular mass and the decrease of molecular symmetry.