南、北五味子抑菌活性差异比较研究

用牛津杯法和平板二倍稀释法检测了2种五味子水提取物对8种细菌和1种真菌的抑菌活性差异.结果表明2种五味子提取物对8种供试细菌大肠杆菌ATCC25922和ATCC35218、普通变形杆菌CMCC49027、沙门氏菌CMCC50094、铜绿假单胞菌ATCC27853、枯草芽孢杆菌CM-CC63501、粪肠球菌CMCC32219和金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923都有明显的抑制作用,对真菌白色念珠菌ATCC10231不具有抑制作用,对同一种供试细菌北五味子的抑菌圈直径显著大于南五味子,最小抑菌浓度比南五味子至少高1个稀释倍数.

不同温度条件下玉米碳酸酐酶活性差异比较与分析

研究了毕单系列不同玉米品种在不同的温度条件下,碳酸酐酶活性的变化情况和变化规律,结果表明:随着温度的升高,各品种的CA活性也随着提高,但因品种不同,其CA活性增长的幅度也各不相同,活性相对增幅最大的是BD10,最小的是BD17。从CA活性相对增长百分率看,仍然是BD10最高,BD13最低。这预示着BD10可能对温度变化有较强的敏感性。在生长适宜温度20℃左右,各品种间的CA活性差异表现最丰富和最具离散性。另外,随着温度处理时间的延长,各品种CA活性变化的总趋势有升有降,具体变化的历程在时间序列上具有多向性和不确定性,在低温胁迫下更是如此。同一品种CA活性随温度升高的变化趋势可能在一定程度上表征不同品种对温度的敏感性,各品种CA变化对温度的敏感性排序为BD18>BD10>BD15>BD13>BD17。不同温度处理下的碳酸酐酶活性差异显著,而品种间碳酸酐酶活性虽有差异但不显著。

12个芒果品种抗氧化酶活性差异分析

以12个芒果品种为试材,通过检测不同芒果品种叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)活性,采用Duncan比较对各抗氧化酶活性进行差异分析。结果表明:桂热芒10-2号的SOD活性最强,桂热芒10号的SOD活性最弱;桂热芒23号POD活性最强,桂热芒282号POD活性最弱,桂热芒780-17号的CAT活性最强,泰国芒14号的CAT活性最低;桂热芒282号的PPO活性最强,桂热芒30号的PPO活性最低。通过初步检测12个芒果品种的抗氧化酶活性,不同芒果品种的SOD活性在229.1467~463.8700 U/g·min;POD活性在0.5333~3.8667 U/g·min;CAT活性在16.4967~41.8100 U/g·min;PPO活性在0.0167~0.2067 U/g·min,为下一步探讨芒果对抗逆胁迫响应机理奠定理论依据。

不同光照条件下玉米碳酸酐酶活性差异比较与分析

[目的]比较不同光照条件下不同玉米品种碳酸酐酶（CA）活性的变化情况。[方法]以毕单系列玉米品种（毕单10、13、15、17、18号）为试材,待幼苗长至34叶时在不同光照条件（＂弱光＂、＂中光＂、＂强光＂）下培养,培养3 d后开始取样测定CA活性,研究不同处理玉米品种CA活性的变化规律。[结果]在＂弱光＂至＂中光＂段,随着光照强度的升高,各品种的CA活性逐渐升高,但在＂中光＂至＂强光＂段,各品种的CA活性普遍下降,其中毕单15号CA活性降幅最大,毕单18号CA活性降幅最小。＂弱光＂和＂中光＂处理各品种的CA活性差别较小,而＂强光＂处理各品种的CA活性差别较大。[结论]在一定范围内,供试玉米品种的CA活性随光照强度的增加而升高。

鲜参与生晒参药理活性差异的比较分析

通过文献检索、归纳和对比,发现鲜参和生晒参为同源药材,仅存储方式不同,但两者的多种药理活性存在差异。差异与干燥过程中,人参的水分、皂苷类、氨基酸类、糖类、挥发油等多种营养成分发生物理、化学反应,同时导致药性发生变化密切相关。文章可为临床和日常保健活动中准确合理应用鲜参和生晒参防治疾病提供科学指导。

梅花鹿初生茸生长过程中活性差异蛋白表达分析

为了研究不同生长阶段梅花鹿初生茸活性蛋白表达变化,为鹿茸的质量评价和临床应用提供理论基础,采用蛋白质绝对和相对定量（i TRAQ）技术及超高液相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,结合生物信息学分析手段,对不同生长阶段梅花鹿初生茸活性蛋白进行定性和定量分析,研究不同生长阶段初生茸活性差异表达蛋白的功能分类及表达量变化。结果显示：不同生长阶段的梅花鹿初生茸活性差异表达蛋白（差异倍数≥1.5或≤0.67,且P值≤0.05）主要为软骨低聚基质蛋白、胶原、抗菌肽、S100蛋白和钙调蛋白等蛋白成分;生长初期表达量显著上调的差异表达蛋白主要为软骨低聚基质蛋白、IX/XI型胶原和二聚糖蛋白等细胞外基质蛋白成分,显著下调的差异表达蛋白主要为抗菌肽-2、S100蛋白A2/8/9、骨膜蛋白和血红蛋白亚基α/β等功能蛋白;梅花鹿初生茸生长初期主要为细胞外基质类成分,生长末期主要为功能性蛋白,因此生长末期的初生茸临床应用价值相对较高。研究结果对梅花鹿茸质量评价和临床应用具有一定指导意义。

西瓜ClPP2C3克隆及表达分析

【目的】蛋白磷酸酶2C(protein phosphatase 2C,PP2C)是动植物中均存在的一类蛋白磷酸酶,拟探究其在西瓜果实成熟过程中发挥的重要作用。【方法】通过逆转录PCR(reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,RT-PCR)从栽培类型西瓜‘97103’中克隆ClPP2C3,并对其进行生物信息学、表达模式和亚细胞定位分析。【结果】西瓜ClPP2C3的cDNA序列长度为1317 bp,编码438个氨基酸,其分子量大小为47.81 kD,蛋白质等电点为5.12。ClPP2C3包含1个PP2C保守结构域,与负调控果实成熟的番茄SlPP2C3、草莓FaABI1具有较高的同源性。西瓜ClPP2C3在细胞核表达。ClPP2C3在含糖量高的栽培品种中表达量显著高于含糖量低的野生品种。栽培品种ClPP2C3的2kb片段长度启动子活性显著高于野生品种,而1kb片段长度启动子活性之间无显著差异。【结论】由1-2kb区间SNP导致的启动子活性差异对不同含糖量品种ClPP2C3表达量存在影响。

硫磺熏蒸对白芷质量的影响及产地替代加工方式探讨

硫磺熏蒸作为一种中药材产地加工养护方法,具有治虫防霉、保持色泽光鲜、加速中药材干燥等功效。然而硫磺熏蒸也会导致中药材活性成分含量降低、转化成新的化合物,二氧化硫残留量及重金属与有害元素含量升高,导致药效降低、不良反应增加和健康风险。本文在现有文献的基础上归纳总结硫磺熏蒸对白芷质量的影响及产地加工方式探讨,为白芷的质量控制提供参考。

玉米秸秆酶解木质素及麦草甲酸木质素在钙钛矿催化体系下催化活性比较

考察了玉米秸秆高温爆破法制浆酶解木质素(EL)以及麦草甲酸木质素(SL)在LaMn0.8Cu0.2O3催化体系下催化湿法氧化为芳香醛反应中的活性差异。结果表明:该催化剂对麦草甲酸木质素的对羟基苯甲醛、香草醛、紫丁香醛的最大得率分别提高33%、65%、48%,最大得率分别达到0.56%、2.97%、4.91%;而玉米秸秆酶解木质素分别相应提高85%、57%、208%,最大得率分别达到2.90%、5.07%、14.6%。同时发现麦草甲酸木质素无论在无催化反应还是该催化体系下各芳香醛的得率均远低于玉米秸秆酶解木质素,其原因是麦草甲酸木质素发生了严重缩合,而玉米秸秆酶解木质素接近原始木质素,未发生缩合反应。

新型卟啉光敏剂:同分异构体空间结构与光敏活性

以2-硝基四苯基卟啉及其Cu(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)配合物为原料,分别与1-萘酚、2-萘酚反应,合成了4对β-萘酚基四苯基卟啉同分异构体,并通过1HNMR、UV、IR、MS对新化合物进行了结构表征。比较了两类卟啉同分异构体作为光动力治疗光敏剂在光敏抗菌及光敏切割DNA方面的活性差异,并利用Chem3D软件的MM2分子力场计算方法确定了卟啉同分异构体的空间优势结构。结果表明,β-萘酚基四苯基卟啉同分异构体空间结构的非平面程度相当,光敏活性差异也不明显,卟啉的非平面性与光敏活性具有一定的一致性。

农用污泥中铜的生态安全阈值研究

本论文采用污泥和土壤外源铜的活性差异系数法研究了农用污泥中铜的生态安全阈值。首先通过比较确定不同土壤条件下污泥中铜和水溶性铜的活性差异的系数,然后利用系数法得到相应土壤条件下污泥铜HC5值(即能够保护95%物种的浓度),并建立了土壤理化性质参数与污泥铜HC5值的量化关系和预测模型。最后与我国现行污泥农用标准值进行了比较,提出了修改建议。结果表明,土壤中来源污泥的铜活性均值约为来源水溶性盐的40%左右。土壤阳离子交换量(CEC)是影响土壤中污泥源铜的毒性的主控因子,可影响污泥铜HC5值变异的84.6%,而土壤pH值和有机碳含量(OC)分别可影响污泥铜HC5值变异的8.4%和1.8%。基于土壤pH、OC和CEC的三因子模型进行预测优于基于土壤pH和CEC的两因子模型,其相关性达到94.8%。与模型预测值相比,我国现行污泥农用标准GB4284-84与CJ/T309-2009中对铜限值的规定均存在着不同程度的保护不足或保护过度问题。

Covariation between personalities and individual differences in coping with stress:Converging evidence and hypotheses

In the past decade there has been a profusion of studies highlighting covariation between individual differences in stress physiology and behavioural profiles, here called personalities. Such individual differences in ways of coping with stress are relevant both in biomedicine, since different personalities may experience a different stress and disease vulnerability, and in behavioural ecology, since their adaptive value and evolutionary maintenance are the subject of debate. However, the precise way in which individual stress differences and personalities are linked is unclear. Here we provide an updated overview of this covariation across different species and taxa, consider its functional significance and present working hypotheses for how behavioural and physiological responses to stress might be causally linked, affecting life-history traits such as dispersal and life-span [Current Zoology 56 （6）： 728-740, 2010].

The Particularity of Identity in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call

This study explores the intricate situation of the coexistence of different identities in Amin Maalouf＇ s Ports of Call （1996）. It contends that identity is complex, flux, and not limited to what is inherited; it is rather a psychological, political, and social amalgamation. Thus, each individual has a unique and particular identity, which is completely different from the others＇. This study is a theoretical and analytical survey of Maalouf＇s Ports of Call. It aims at proving that this novel is an example that Maalouf provides to show the challenges that characters of different identities face, and the obstacles that hinder them from assimilation. The argument is mainly based on Edward Said＇s theories that have opened up discussions about Otherness and multiculturalism, alongside with other postcolonial critics, such as Homi Bhabha. Maalouf＇s book In the Name of Identity： Violence and the Need to Belong （1996） is also integral to this study. The study concludes that it might be possible for people, in parallel with the characters of the novel, to challenge the identity predicament that the world is witnessing nowadays, and accept diversities as a way of life, rather than a reason for waging wars.

Some Similarities and Dissimilarities in Cultures Between China and English-Speaking Countries

Chinese culture and the culture of English-speaking countries have both similarities and dissimilarities reflected in many aspects of social life, such as naming and greeting, topics of chatting, response connotations of colors, connotations of animals and connotations of translated counterparts which are to praise,

Nutritional Knowledge and Behavior of Professional Athletes in Khorramabad

Today it is proved that the lack of adequate nutritional knowledge leads to problems such as obesity, overweight and increased cardiovascular diseases. However, many obstacles such as poor financial support, lack of time and poor nutritional knowledge can influence achievement of optimal nutrition which is proportional to the level of the athlete＇s physical activity. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of nutritional knowledge and dietary behavior of athletes in Khorramabad in 2013. Professional athletes of Khorramabad, Iran, with more than one year of regular exercise and at least one course participating in national championships competitions were studied in this cross-sectional, descriptive-analytic study. The samples included 247 athletes aged 17-29 years. Their nutritional knowledge and behavior were measured by the nutritional knowledge and behavior inventory. Results： The results showed a significant difference in nutritional knowledge of athletes by gender and educational level; female athletes have higher nutritional knowledge than male athletes. A gender-dependent difference was found in nutritional behavior; despite their higher nutritional knowledge, female athletes have weaker nutritional behavior than male athletes. However, no significant correlation was found between BMI and nutritional knowledge and behavior of the athletes. Moreover, findings showed that nutritional knowledge and behavior could be significantly different in various sports.

The convergence of man and woman gender in Xinjiang national diet folk

The general idea is that woman is the main part of the diet activities from the traditional society to the modem civilized society, but the difference between woman and man is more obvious in specific diet etiquette. The reasons for the gender differences not only are related to the nature of the woman, but also are connected to the age and society. It is encouraging that the improvement of social civilization and the consciousness of equality between man and woman have been gradually formed with the progress of the times, the Xinjiang national diet custom differences between man and woman are diminishing.

轴手性在药物研究与开发中的重要性

在早期的药物研发过程中,由于当时条件和认识的局限,人们常将对应异构体当成单一光学纯化合物处理。随着手性拆分技术的发展以及人们对于手性药物认识的提高,手性对于药物的药理活性、毒性、代谢性质的影响逐渐被重视,一些与手性相关的不良反应事件发生,如欧洲＂反应停＂事件,使药物研发人员对药物中的手性因素更加关注。轴手性是手性的一种特殊形式,是由于空间位阻或电子效应导致共价键不能自由旋转而产生。轴手性对于化合物的药理活性、代谢性质也有广泛的影响,但由于分子中不具手性中心,而容易被忽视。药物研发是一个漫长而昂贵的过程,因此在早期阶段就应该给予轴手性足够的重视,最大的降低药物后期研发和临床试验的风险。对于具手性中心的手性药物,FDA已于1992年出台相关文件指导其研究开发,但是对于轴手性药物的研发却没有明确规定。本文从轴手性化合物的产生、构型判断、轴手性-活性关系以及轴手性药物发展趋势4个方面对轴手性化合物的研究进展进行综述和探讨,阐述轴手性在药物研发过程中的重要性,为轴手性药物的研究和开发提供参考。

“Family-bound”or“Pulled by Work”?—A Study of Chinese Women’s Social Participation and the Factors Influencing It

On the basis of an analysis of data from the Chinese Social Survey(CSS)2015,and with male social participation as the reference,we undertook an empirical study of Chinese women’s current social participation and the factors affecting it along the two dimensions of“marriage and family life”and“employment and income status,”as well as the basic characteristics of individuals.Our findings show that in general women display a lower level of social participation than men.In terms of type of social participation,women are more likely to take part in policy-supported activities or serve as volunteers for public interest activities but less likely to participate in the activities of particular“action organizations”or the expression of opinion.Women’s social participation is affected by many factors,including basic individual characteristics,marital status and family life,and employment and income status.A further gender comparison finds that female social participation tends to be more affected by marriage and family life,whereas male social participation is more closely related to employment and income status.We conclude that although more Chinese women have stepped out of the bonds of“home and family,”their social participation“outside the family”is family-bound in a way that is quite different that of men.Hence if we are to pursue gender equality at the level of social participation,it remains necessary to give women greater assurances in terms of marriage and family life by encouraging the realization of their self-worth and facilitating their social development,so as to coordinate and alleviate the double pressures of family and work,thus making women’s social participation an important force and enhancing their all-round development.

Gene expression profiling of rat livers with Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome

OBJECTIVE： To explore the nature of ＂Yin internal heat caused by Yin-deficiency＂ in terms of the theo- ry of Traditional Chinese Medicine, by studying en- ergy metabolism in rats with Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome and analyzing the gene expression pro- file of their livers. METHODS： A Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome model was induced in rats using three Chinese medicinal herbs. Glycogen and triglycerides in blood plasma, and the enzyme activity of ATP in livers were mea- sured colorimetrically. Triiodothyronine （T3）, thyrox- ine （T4）, and thyroid stimulating hormone levels in blood plasma were also measured with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. The gene expression profile of livers was detected with gene chip analy- sis. Differentially expressed genes were screened out and classified according to Gene Ontology. The accuracy of results were examined with reversetranscription-polymerase chain reaction RESULTS： Compared with the control group, body weight （P〈0.05） and hepatic glycogen （P〈0.05） were significantly lower in the Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome group. Moreover, toe temperature （P〈 0.01） and triglyceride （P〈0.05）, Na ＋-K＋-ATPase （P〈 0.01）, Mg2＋-ATPase （P〈0.01）, T3 （P〈0.05）, and 1-4 （P〈 0.01） levels were significantly higher. There were 99 differentially expressed genes in livers from the Y/n-deficiency-heat syndrome group. Genes were mainly related to sterol synthesis （Pc=0.0392）, de- fense response （Pc=0.0448）, and sterol metabolism （Pc=0.0533）. CONCLUSION： Abnormal expression genes in rats with Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome prompted the synthesis and metabolism of cholesterol, increased energy consumption, and reduced defense re- sponse. This gene expression might be the molecu- lar mechanism underlying ＂internal heat caused by Yin-deficiency＂ in the rats with Yin-deficiency-heat syndrome.

Individual variability in life-history traits drives population size stability

Understanding how population sizes vary over time is a key aspect of ecological research. Unfortunately, our under- standing of population dynamics has historically been based on an assumption that individuals are identical with homogenous life-history properties. This assumption is certainly false for most natural systems, raising the question of what role individual variation plays in the dynamics of populations. While there has been an increase of interest regarding the effects of within popula- tion variation on the dynamics of single populations, there has been little study of the effects of differences in within population variation on patterns observed across populations. We found that life-history differences （clutch size） among individuals ex- plained the majority of the variation observed in the degree to which population sizes of eastern fence lizards Sceloporus undula- tus fluctuated. This finding suggests that differences across populations cannot be understood without an examination of differences at the level of a system rather than at the level of the individual