活性纳米碳对甲状旁腺的保护作用及其在甲状腺全切术中的价值分析

目的探讨甲状腺全切手术中活性纳米碳对于患者甲状旁腺的保护及应用价值。方法选取甲状腺肿瘤患者68例,将其随机分为对照组和观察组,各34例。对照组采用常规的方式实行甲状腺全切术,观察组在实行甲状腺全切术时应用活性纳米碳后再行手术,比较分析2组患者的甲状旁腺保护状况及血钙、血清水平。结果观察组患者的甲状旁腺保护状况,明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组患者的血钙、血清水平,明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论活性纳米碳应用于实施甲状腺全切除手术时,能避免患者出现受损状况,全面、科学地保护患者的甲状旁腺。

活性纳米碳对行甲状腺全切术甲状腺肿瘤病人甲状旁腺保护作用

目的:研究活性纳米碳对行甲状腺全切术甲状腺肿瘤病人甲状旁腺保护作用。方法:选择甲状腺癌病人102例,随机选择52例术中先注射纳米碳混悬液于甲状腺内,后行甲状腺全切除术(观察组),另外50例仅做常规甲状腺全切除术(对照组),术后3 d检测病人血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和血钙水平,并比较2组正常、低PTH以及低血钙的发生率。结果:观察组在切除的组织标本中有甲状旁腺病人少于对照组(P<0.05),手术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减低病人亦少于对照组(P<0.05),暂时性甲状旁腺功能减低的恢复时间明显短于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组术后24 h血清PTH和血钙降低率均低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组病人治疗后血清PTH平均水平、血钙正常的病人血清PTH水平以及血钙降低的病人血清PTH水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。观察组治疗后血钙平均水平和血清PTH降低病人的血钙水平亦均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:甲状腺肿瘤病人行甲状腺全切除术中应用活性纳米碳可对甲状旁腺起到一定的保护作用。

活性纳米碳对甲状旁腺的保护作用及其在甲状腺全切术中的价值

目的分析研究活性纳米碳在实行甲状腺全切手术中时对于患者甲状旁腺的保护及应用价值。方法选取我院2012年10月至2013年10月收治的甲状腺肿瘤患者66例,依照随机的方式将其分为两组,分别是实验组与对照组,每组患者例数均为33例。对照组患者依照常规的方式实行甲状腺全切术,实验组患者在正式实施手术时进行活性纳米碳的应用,之后再依照常规方式进行手术。结果对两组患者的甲状旁腺功能减退及患者术后恢复状况进行对比分析研究,实验组患者的整体恢复效果明显比对照组好,且两组之间存在的差异较为明显,具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在实施甲状腺全切除手术时,应用活性纳米碳能够对患者的甲状旁腺进行科学全面的保护,避免出现受损状况。

活性纳米碳在良性巨大甲状腺肿患者行甲状腺全切术中对甲状旁腺的保护作用

目的:对活性纳米碳在良性巨大甲状腺肿患者行甲状腺全切术中对甲状旁腺的保护作用进行观察分析,评价其临床应用价值。方法:选择我院普外科2014年7月-2016年12月收治的104例行甲状腺全切除术良性巨大甲状腺肿患者,随机将其分为研究组和对照组,每组52例,对照组行常规的甲状腺全切除术,研究组在术中先将活性纳米碳注射于甲状腺组织内,然后行甲状腺全切除术。比较两组患者甲状旁腺损伤情况以及术后24h血清降钙素(PTH)以及血钙水平。结果:与对照组比较,研究组术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退率以及标本中含有甲状旁腺组织率均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组术后永久性甲旁减发生率之间比较,无显著的统计学差异(P>0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组患者术后24h血清PTH以及血钙水平降低率均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后24h研究组患者血清PTH以及血钙水平均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 :活性纳米碳应用于行甲状腺全切除术的良性巨大甲状腺肿患者,可以有助于手术医师对甲状旁腺的识别和定位,减少对甲状旁腺的损伤,保护甲状旁腺功能。

活性纳米碳在T1期甲状腺乳头状非微小癌预防性中央区淋巴结清扫术中的应用

目的 探讨活性纳米碳在T1期甲状腺乳头状非微小癌行预防性中央区淋巴结清扫术中的作用.方法 将中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院甲状腺外科2012年1月至2013年6月进行手术的甲状腺癌患者,术前均经细胞穿刺确诊为T1期甲状腺乳头状非微小癌,按手术顺序的单双号分2组.单号为实验组,双号组为对照组,实验组在患侧甲状腺注射活性纳米碳.观察2组术后淋巴转移、甲状旁腺功能及喉返神经损伤性声嘶的发生率.结果 实验组切除的淋巴结总数量为327枚,对照组为238枚;实验组及对照组阳性的淋巴结分别为120（36.7％）及56（23.5％）枚,差异有统计学意义（P =0.000 85）;实验组及对照组发生淋巴转移的患者数及百分率分别为42（56％）及30（40％）,差异有统计学意义（P =0.049 9）;实验组及对照组平均每个患者阳性淋巴数量分别为（2.86±0.13）及（1.87±0.09）个,差异有统计学意义（P=0.009）.实验组及对照组术后暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下发生率分别为34.7％及60％,差异有统计学意义（P=0.002）.实验组及对照组术后声嘶发生率分别为2.7％及4％,差异无统计学意义（P=1.000）.结论 活性纳米碳可在T1期甲状腺乳头状非微小癌的预防性淋巴结清扫术中起重要作用,不仅有助于阳性淋巴结的清扫,还能避免甲状旁腺的误切,但无助于降低术中喉返神经损伤的发生率.

CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/活性纳米碳纤维的制备及其光催化性能

铬是一种常见的重金属污染物,广泛用于各种工业过程。采用溶剂热法制备了不同CNFs(活性纳米碳纤维)含量的CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs复合光催化剂,改善可见光照射下六价铬的还原。通过XRD、SEM、TEM、FTIR、XPS、UV-Vis、PL和光电流等技术对样品的晶型、形貌、结构、元素组成、表面官能团、光学性质等进行了测试与表征,并考察了CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs光催化还原Cr(VI)的活性。结果表明,CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs复合材料的光催化活性明显高于CuS、Bi_(2)WO_(6)和CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)。在可见光照射下,1%CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs对Cr(VI)还原表现出优异的光催化活性,在3 h内还原率为98%。1%CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs复合材料在4次循环后也表现出良好的稳定性和可回收性。此外,活性基团捕获实验表明,羟基自由基(•OH)、光生空穴(h^(+))和超氧自由基(•O_(2)^(−))参与了CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs对Cr(VI)的还原,而•O_(2)^(−)是该体系的主要活性组分,并在此基础上初步探讨了光催化反应机制。本文的研究结果表明,通过简单可控的溶剂热法,可以实现CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs的制备,并且证实了CuS-Bi_(2)WO_(6)/CNFs复合材料在六价铬处理方面的良好前景。

PAN基预氧化纳米纤维毡的微波碳化、微波活化

以聚丙烯腈基预氧化纳米纤维毡为原料,在氮气保护下微波碳化制备纳米碳纤维,并以水蒸气为活化剂,通过微波活化正交实验制备活性纳米碳纤维;纳米碳纤维的形态和结构变化通过场发射电镜、红外光谱仪、X衍射仪等仪器进行表征;通过对活性纳米碳纤维的比表面积、孔容、孔径分布、苯酚吸附值的测定,了解正交实验各因素对活性纳米碳纤维活化收率和吸附性能影响的强弱程度。研究结果表明:本研究实验条件下可制备出孔径分布以微孔为主,比表面积达1107.4m2/g,苯酚吸附值达428.1mg/g的活性纳米碳纤维。

纳米碳在甲状腺癌手术中对甲状旁腺保护作用的研究

探讨纳米碳在甲状腺癌手术中对甲状旁腺的保护作用。对同时实施甲状腺全切除及双侧Ⅵ区淋巴清除的76例分化型甲状腺癌患者进行分析。40例在术中实施甲状腺纳米碳注射（纳米碳组）,36例行常规手术（对照组）。对Ⅵ区清除组织行单独病理检查,统计甲状旁腺误切数,并检测术后1 d及7 d甲状旁腺激素（PTH）水平。纳米碳组甲状旁腺误切率为5%（2/40）,对照组误切率为22%（8/36）,两组差异有统计学意义（χ2=5.631,P=0.018）。术后1 d纳米碳组PTH下降5例,对照组PTH下降12例,差异有统计学意义（χ2=4.736,P=0.030）。术后7 d纳米碳组PTH下降2例,对照组PTH下降7例,差异有统计学意义（χ2=3.942,P=0.047）。纳米碳在甲状腺癌颈部Ⅵ区淋巴清除中对甲状旁腺有保护作用,能降低其损伤。

术前注射纳米碳混悬液对甲状腺癌患者甲状腺全切除术后血清甲状旁激素和血钙的影响

目的探讨术前注射纳米碳混悬液对甲状腺癌患者甲状腺全切除术后血清甲状旁腺激素(PTH)和血钙的影响。方法将120例择期行甲状腺全切除术治疗的甲状腺癌患者,按随机数字表法分成对照组和观察组,每组60例。观察组患者术前给予纳米碳混悬液注射后行甲状腺全切除术,对照组患者直接进行甲状腺全切除术。比较两组患者术后甲状旁腺损伤情况及血PTH、血钙水平。结果观察组患者甲状旁腺误切除率、暂时甲状旁腺功能减低(甲旁减)发生率及暂时性甲旁减持续时间均低于或短于对照组(均P <0. 05),两组患者永久性甲旁减发生率差异无统计学意义(P> 0. 05)。观察组患者术后1 d血钙、血清PTH水平均高于对照组,且低血钙、低PTH发生率均低于对照组(均P <0. 05)。结论术前注射纳米碳混悬液可降低甲状腺癌患者甲状腺全切除术后暂时性甲旁减发生率并减少持续时间,减少甲状旁腺误切率,降低术后低PTH及低血钙发生率。

SnO_2 nano-sheet as an efficient catalyst for CO oxidation

Polycrystalline SnO2 fine powder consisting of nano-particles （SnO2-NP）, SnO2 nano-sheets （SnO2-NS）, and SnO2 containing both nano-rods and nano-particles （SnO2-NR＋NP） were prepared and used for CO oxidation. SnO2-NS possesses a mesoporous structure and has a higher surface area, larger pore volume, and more active species than SnO2-NP, and shows improved activity. In contrast, although SnO2-NR＋NP has only a slightly higher surface area and pore volume, and slightly more active surface oxygen species than SnO2-NP, it has more exposed active （110） facets, which is the reason for its improved oxidation activity. Water vapor has only a reversible and weak influence on SnO2-NS, therefore it is a potential catalyst for emission control processes.

电吸附电极研究进展

电吸附电极是电吸附处理水装置最重要的组成部分,也是电吸附研究的热点。结合国内外专利技术,重点分析了多孔炭材料电吸附电极。活性炭、活性炭纤维价格低廉易获得,在产业上应用较多,是今后活性炭电极的主要研究趋势;石墨烯和碳纳米材料基体电极具有良好的循环使用性能和高吸附容量,是今后电吸附电极研究的主要方向。

Affinity and fluorescent detection of surfactants/ssDNA and single-walled carbon nanotube

A new biosensor platform was explored for detection of surfactant based on fluorescence changes from single strand DNA （ssDNA） and single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs）. Thermodynamics assay was performed to value the stability of probe. The affinities of SWNT to five common surfactants （SDS, DBS, Triton X-100, Tween-20 and Tween-80） were investigated by real-time fluorescence method. The effects of Mg^2＋ and pH on the fluorescence intensity of self-assembled quenched sensor were performed. The fluorescent emission spectra were used to measure the responses of self-assembled quenched fluorescent of ssDNA/SWNTs to different concentration surfactant（Triton X-100）. The FAM-DNA wrapped SWNTs probe was stable in a wide temperature range （5 ℃ to 80℃）. The binding strength of surfactants and single-stranded DNA （ssDNA） on SWNTs surfaces was shown as follows： Triton X-100〉DBS〉Tween-20〉Tween-80〉ssDNA〉SDS, and the optimized reaction conditions included pH 7.4 and 10 mmol/L Mg2＋. The fluorescence of FAM-ssDNA wrapped SWNTs was proportionally recovered as a result of adding different concentrations of Triton X- 100, which realizes the quantitative detection of Triton X- 100.

Carbon Sequestration through CO2 Foam-Enhanced Oil Recovery： A Green Chemistry Perspective

Enhanced oil recovery （EOR） via carbon dioxide （CO2） flooding has received a considerable amount of attention as an economically feasible method for carbon sequestration, with many recent studies focus- ing on developing enhanced CO2 foaming additives, However, the potential long-term environmental effects of these additives in the event of leakage are poorly understood and, given the amount of additives injected in a typical CO2 EOR operation, could he far-reaching, This paper presents a summary of recent developments in surfactant and surfactant/nanoparticle-hased CO2 foaming systems, with an emphasis on the possible environmental impacts of CO2 foam leakage, Most of the surfactants studied are unlikely to degrade under reservoir conditions, and their release can cause major negative impacts on wildlife, With recent advances in the use of additives （e,g,, nonionic surfactants, nanoparticles, and other chemicals） the use of harsh anionic surfactants may no longer he warranted, This paper discusses recent advances in producing foaming systems, and highlights possible strategies to develop environmentally friendly CO2 EOR methods,

Redox chemistry of N_(4-)Fe^(2+)in iron phthalocyanines for oxygen reduction reaction

A precise understanding of the redox chemistry of Nm-Mn+(like N4-Fe^(2+))systems is essential for fundamental studies and rational design of Nm-Mn+-based electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).Herein,three different iron phthalocyanines(FePcs)adsorbed on carbon nanotubes((NH2)4FePc@CNTs,(t-Bu)4FePc@CNTs,and FePc@CNTs)were evaluated to demonstrate the effect of the electron donating power of the substituents on the Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)redox potential of FePc@CNTs and the role of these composites as ORR mediators in alkaline media.The Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)redox potential of the FePcs was found to shift towards the cathodic region upon substitution with electron-donating groups.This up-field shift in the eg-orbital leads to a lower overlap between the onset potential of the Fe^(3+)/Fe^(2+)redox couple and that of the ORR,and thus,the ORR activity decreased in the following order based on the substitution of FePc:-H>-t-Bu>-NH2.

Preparation of Surfactant-Free Pt and PtRu Nanoparticles with High Activity for Methanol Oxidation

A simple and green approach to synthesize highly active electro-catalysts for methanol oxi- dation reaction （MOR） without using any organic agents is described. Pt nanoparticles are directly deposited on the pre-cleaned and pre-oxidized multiwall carbon nanotubes （MWC- NTs） from Pt salt by using CO as the reductant. MOR activity has been characterized by both cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry, the current density and mass specific current at the peak potential （ca. 0.9 V vs. RHE） reaches 11.6 mA/cm^2 and 860 mA/mgpt, respectively. After electro-deposition of Ru onto the Pt/MWCNTs surface, the catalysts show steady state mass specific current of 20 and 80 mA/mgpt at 0.5 and 0.6 V, respectively.

Influence of thermal ageing on oxidation performance and nanostructures of dry soot in diesel engine

Diesel soot subjected to high exhaust temperature suffers from thermal ageing,which is difficult to be removed by regeneration process.Based on the thermogravimetric(TG)analysis and images by high resolution transmission electron microscope(HRTEM),effects of thermal ageing temperature,ageing time and oxygen concentration on oxidation characteristic of soot are investigated.The activation energy of soot increases with the increase of ageing temperature and oxygen concentration.The activation energy increases rapidly when the ageing time is less than 45 min,and then it keeps in a value of 157 kJ/mol when the ageing time is between 45 and 60 min.Compared to the soot without thermal ageing,the shape of ageing soot particles presents shorter diameter and more regular circle by observing soot nanostructure.With the increase of ageing temperature,ageing time and oxygen concentration,the more stable structure of“shell and core”is shown in the basic carbon.The soot has an increased fringe length,decreased tortuosity and separation distance after thermal ageing process,which leads to the deepening of the disorder degree of soot nanostructures and reduction of soot oxidation activity.Consequently,the thermal ageing process should be avoided in order to optimize the active regeneration strategy.

Electrocatalytic Activity of Tungsten Carbide and Natural Zeolite Composite in Aqueous Solution

Tungsten carbide and zeolite nanocomposite was prepared by combining a mechanochemical approach with a reduction and carbonization approach,using natural zeolite and ammonia metatungstate as precursors.The sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the crystal phase of the sample is composed of zeolite,monotungsten carbide and bitungsten carbide.The mass percentage and the crystallite diameter of tungsten carbide change along with the reacted time.Its electrocatalytic activity was measured with a microelectrode system with three electrodes.The results show that its electrocatalytic property is related to its crystal phase and the mass percentage of tungsten carbide,and its electrocatalytic activity is connected with the property of electrolyte,in which it is measured.Synergistic effect between tungsten carbide and zeolite is found during electrocatalysis.

N,P-dual doped carbon with trace Co and rich edge sites as highly efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

Oxygen reduction reaction （ORR） is key to fuel cells and metal-air batteries which are considered as the al- ternative clean energy. Various carbon materials have been widely researched as ORR electrocatalysts. It has been ac- cepted that heteroatom doping and exposure of the edge sites can effectively improve the activity of carbon materials. In this work, we used a simple method to prepare a novel N, P-dual doped carbon-based catalyst with many holes on the surface. In addition, trace level Co doping in the carbon material forming Co-N-C active species can further enhance the ORR performance. On one hand, the doping can adjust the elec- tronic structure of carbon atoms, which would induce more active sites for ORR. And on the other hand, the holes formed on the surface of carbon nanosheets would expose more edge sites and can improve the intrinsic activity of carbon. Due to the heteroatom doping and the exposed edge sites, the pre- pared carbon materials showed highly excellent ORR perfor- mance, dose to that of commercial Pt/C.

Ammonium Bicarbonate Reduction Route to Uniform Gold Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Catalysis and Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering

A new protocol for the synthesis of nearly monodisperse gold nanoparticles with controllable size is described. The pathway is based on the reduction of AuCl4 by ammonium bicarbonate in the presence of sodium stearate under hydrothermal conditions. The particle sizes could be easily tuned by regulating the reaction conditions including precursor concentration, reaction temperature and growth time. A tentative explanation for the reduction and growth mechanism of uniform gold nanoparticles has been proposed. The as-prepared gold particles showed good catalytic activity for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol to 4-aminophenol by excess NaBH4, and a surface-enhanced Raman scattering （SERS） study suggested that the gold nanoparticles exhibited a high SERS effect on the probe molecule Rhodamine 6G.

Flexible polytriphenylamine-based cathodes with reinforced energystorage capacity for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

Owing to the excellent redox reversibility and structural diversity,polytriphenylamine(PTPAn)has been regarded as one of the promising cathode candidates for sodium-ion batteries.However,it still suffers from the bulk aggregation and low operating capacity in practical applications.Assisted by the in-situ polymerization,leaf-like PTPAn nanosheets are uniformly introduced on the surface of carbon nanofibers(CNFs)to form the free-standing CNF@PTPAn composite electrodes.Interestingly,the formation mechanism of the leaf-on-branch structure of CNF@PTPAn composites is systematically explored,confirming that the controlling of oxidation rate and growth degree plays crucial roles in tuning the morphology and active material content of the composite electrodes.Supported by the capacity-cutting analysis,the effective coupling between the active PTPAn and conductive CNFs can provide fast electron/ion-shuttling channels and deepen the electrochemical reaction process.At 50mAg^(-1),the capacity of the optimized CNF@PTPAn composite can reach 105mAh g^(-1),with a stable rate capability of 78mAh g^(-1)even at 400mAg^(-1)after 500 cycles in a half cell.The detailed kinetic analysis confirms that the ion-storage behaviors in the lowvoltage region can be tailored for the improved capacitive contribution and diffusion coefficients.Meanwhile,the flexible CNF-based full cell with CNF@PTPAn as the cathode and CNFs as the anode exhibits a high energy density of 60Wh kg^(-1)at 938Wkg^(-1).Based on this,the rational design is expected to provide more possibilities to obtain advanced freestanding electrode systems.