水飞蓟素中活性黄酮的测定

采用高效液相色谱梯度淋洗法，使水飞蓟素中的７种主要成分得到完全分离。方法简便、快速，能单独测得水飞滨的含量，与紫外分光光度法相比，具有较好的重复性，变异系数在２％以下。

羊脂油对淫羊藿活性黄酮自组装胶束模拟形成的影响

该文通过模拟人体内环境,研究羊脂油作用下淫羊藿活性黄酮自组装胶束的模拟形成,同时研究了不同产地(青海、江苏、安徽)、不同来源(山羊和绵羊)、不同部位(肚子油和尾巴油)的12批羊脂油以及羊脂油中主要脂肪酸类成分(硬脂酸、棕榈酸、油酸)对淫羊藿活性黄酮自组装胶束形成的影响。结果表明在羊脂油作用下,模拟形成的胶束呈分散状态,类球形且表面光滑。以粒径、电位、包封率、载药量等为指标对制得的胶束进行考察,发现产地为青海的绵羊制得的胶束较稳定,包封率较高。羊脂油中3种主要脂肪酸类成分能促进淫羊藿活性黄酮自组装胶束的形成,但羊脂油整体作用效果更好。以上研究证实羊脂油促进了淫羊藿活性黄酮自组装胶束的模拟形成,为进一步研究其作为淫羊藿炮制辅料的增效作用,促进淫羊藿活性黄酮的吸收奠定了基础。

HPLC-DAD测定白花蛇舌草中6个活性黄酮成分的含量

目的：建立HPLC-DAD同时测定白花蛇舌草中6个活性黄酮成分（槲皮素-3-O-桑布双糖苷、芦丁、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷、槲皮素、山柰酚）含量的方法.方法：采用Kromasil-C18色谱柱（4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm）,流动相乙腈-0.05％磷酸梯度洗脱,检测波长254 nm,体积流量1 mL· min-,柱温30℃.结果：6种活性黄酮成分线性、精密度、稳定性、重复性均符合方法学相关要求,加样回收率为99.40％ -99.70％.应用所建方法测定了不同产地白花蛇舌草中6个活性黄酮成分的量.结论：所建方法简单、可行、准确,可用于白花蛇舌草中活性黄酮成分的质量控制.

大豆异黄酮活性组分对阿尔茨海默病小鼠抗氧化作用的研究

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮活性组分对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’sdisease,AD)小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法:取10月龄的小鼠,以D-半乳糖和三氯化铝复制AD模型小鼠,用本实验室制备的大豆异黄酮活性组分灌胃15d后,眼球取血,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,观察脑内海马组织切片神经元细胞的形态改变。结果:与模型组小鼠相比,实验组小鼠血清SOD活力显著提高(P<0.01)、血清LDH含量显著升高(P<0.05)、血清MDA含量明显降低(P<0.01),海马区神经元细胞数量也显著增多,形态改善。结论:异黄酮活性组分能有效地改善衰老AD小鼠的抗氧化系统的功能。

异黄酮活性成分对Aβ_(1-42)诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用

目的探讨异黄酮活性成分对β淀粉样蛋白(Aβ1-42)诱导的PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。方法从大豆中提取纯化异黄酮活性成分,以Aβ1-42诱导PC12细胞损伤为细胞模型,采用细胞形态学方法、MTT法、LDH法观察不同剂量的异黄酮活性成分对PC12细胞损伤的保护作用。结果异黄酮活性成分能有效地改善PC12细胞的形态,提高细胞存活率(P<0.05),保护组LDH活性低于损伤组(P<0.05)。结论大豆异黄酮活性成分对Aβ1-42诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有显著的保护作用。

高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长性能、抗氧化能力、肝功能指标的影响

试验研究高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕对断奶仔猪生长发育、抗氧化功能和肝功能的影响。选择280头(21±2)日龄断奶仔猪(杜洛克×长白×大白),按体重一致性随机分为4组,每组7个重复,每重复10头。对照组仔猪饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别以4%、8%和12%高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕等蛋白替代去皮豆粕,试验期40 d。结果表明,含8%高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕能够提高断奶仔猪平均日采食量和平均日增重(P<0.05),显著提升仔猪血清抑制羟自由基的能力(P<0.05),以4%或8%发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕后,仔猪血清丙二醛有降低趋势,可显著降低血清谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性(P<0.05),有提高血清总蛋白的趋势。研究结果提示,在断奶仔猪尤其是断奶两周内仔猪日粮中以高活性大豆异黄酮发酵豆粕替代普通豆粕有较好的饲喂效果,替代量为8%时效果最佳。

大豆异黄酮活性组分对AD小鼠脑海马神经元及血脂水平血清SOD活力的影响

目的:探讨大豆异黄酮活性组分对阿尔茨海默病(AD)小鼠脑海马神经元及血脂水平血清过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响。方法:取10个月龄的小鼠,以D-半乳糖和三氯化铝建立AD模型小鼠,用不同剂量的大豆异黄酮活性组分灌胃治疗15 d,眼球取血测定血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-c)水平及SOD活力;观察脑内海马组织切片神经元细胞的形态改变。结果:与模型对照组相比治疗组血清TC、TG含量显著降低(P<0.01)、血清HDL-c含量显著升高(P<0.01)、SOD活力显著提高(P<0.01),显剂量效应关系;海马区神经元细胞数量也显著增多,形态改善。结论:大豆异黄酮活性组分能有效调节AD小鼠的血脂的水平,显著提高血清SOD的活性。

银杏类黄酮O-甲基转移酶活性的高效液相色谱分析

首次明确了银杏叶片类黄酮生物代谢关键酶O-甲基转移酶(flavonoid O-methyltransferase,FOMT)活性的HPLC测定技术与方法。采集扬州大学银杏种质资源圃银杏雄株成熟叶片,提取粗酶液,根据FOMT催化反应生成S-腺苷-L-高半胱氨酸(SAH)的原理,以山奈酚、槲皮素和异鼠李素等3种黄酮苷元为反应底物,采用优化的HPLC体系检测样品中FOMT催化反应生成的SAH峰面积,通过标准曲线求得不同反应底物的FOMT相对活性。FOMT活性反应生成物SAH在1.5～20μg/mL内呈良好的线性关系,RSD为2.1%(n=5),建立了FOMT活性测定优化体系。不同反应底物的FOMT活性表现不同,山奈酚与异鼠李素显著高于槲皮素。FOMT活性HPLC测定方法准确、快速、可靠、灵敏度高。

林檎叶提取物抗氧化及·OH自由基清除作用的研究

分别采用Fenton反应和硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)测定林檎叶提取物对·OH的清除作用及对动物肝脏匀浆脂质过氧化的抑制作用.结果表明,林檎叶经乙醇提取再经氢氧化钠溶解和乙酸乙酯溶解组分对·OH自由基有较好的清除作用,其清除率达70%以上.两组分同样有较好的脂质过氧化抑制作用.

Constituents from Ranunculus sieboldii Miq.

Aim To investigate the chemical composition of Ranunculus sieboldii Miq..Methods Repeated column chromatography over silica gel, polyamide and RP-18 followed by gelfiltration on sephadex LH-20 were used to isolate chemical constituents, and their structures wereelucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, ~1H NMR, ^(13)C NMR) including 2D NMR(COSY, HMQC, HMBC, NOESY) techniques and by direct comparing spectral data with those reported inliterature. Results Five flavonoid glycosides named apigenin-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1),apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (2), apigenin-8-C-α-L-arabinopyranoside(3), apigenin-8-C-β-D-ga-lactopyranoside (4) , tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), together withtricin (6), luteolin (7), scopoletin (8), esculetin (9), scoparone (10), ferulic acid (11),protocatechuic acid (12) , and tematolide (13) were isolated from the 95% etha-nolic extract of itswhole plant, and their cytotoxic activities were preliminarily tested. Conclusion Compounds 1-12were obtained from this genus and compound 13 from this species for the first time. Furthermore,compound 1 was for the first time isolated from nature while the ^(13)C NMR data of compounds 2 and3 are reported for the first time. The bioassay revealed that compound 1 was active against BEL-7407and A549 cell lines (IC_(45) 43, 77 μg·mL^(-1)), 8 and 10 showed inhibitory activities on KB celllines (IC_(50) 78, 44 μg·mL^(-1)) and HL-60 cell lines (Ic_(50) 85, 85 μg·mL^(-1)), while 7exerted moderate cytotoxic activities on KB, BFL-7407, A549 and HL-60 cell lines with their IC_(50)being 51, 55, 44 and 10 μg·mL^(-1) , respectively.

Analysis of the Phytochemistry and Bioactivity of the Genus Polygonum of Polygonaceae

The main chemical constituents of the genus Polygonum(Polygonaceae)are flavonoids,quinones,phenylpropanoids,and terpenoids,which show anticancer,antitumor,anti-oxidative,anti-inflammatory,analgesic,antibacterial,insecticidal,and other pharmacological effects.This paper summarizes research on the chemical constituents and pharmacological effects of compounds from the genus Polygonum in last15years.

Chromatographic fingerprint analysis of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus by HPLC-DAD and chemometric methods

An efficient method for quality control of Fructus Aurantii Immaturus (FAI),a famous traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) was established. A simple and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detector (HPLC-DAD) procedure coupled with chemometric methods was developed for fingerprint analysis,qualitative analysis and quantitative determination of this herb. In qualitative and quantitative analyses,heuristic evolving latent projection (HELP) method was employed to resolve the overlapping peaks of the tested samples. Two bioactive components,namely hesperidin and naringin,are confirmed and determined,together with four flavonoids compounds tentatively identified including two new ones. From fingerprint analysis,the fingerprint data were processed with correlation coefficients for quantitative expression of their similarity and dissimilarity. The developed method based on an integration of chromatographic fingerprint and quantitative analysis is scientific,and the obtained results can be applied to the quality control of herb medicine.

Comparison of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanolic Extracts of the Artemisia sp.Recovered by Different Extraction Techniques

The polyphenol content,antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the extracts obtained by classical, ultrasonic and Soxhlet extractions from dry aerial parts of two Artemisia species(Artemisia vulgaris and Artemisia campestris)were compared.Ultrasound positively affected the yield of extractive substance and the kinetics of extraction,but the extract obtained by the classical extraction showed the highest antioxidant activities and contained higher total contents of phenolic compounds and flavonoids than the extracts obtained by two other extraction techniques.Both flavonoid aglycones(apigenin,quercetin,quercetin 3,3′-dimethyl ether)and flavonoid glycosides(rutin,hyperoside and kaempferol 3-rhamnoside)were identified by thin layer chromatograph(TLC)analysis in the extracts from both species.A.campestris extracts were richer in quercetin than A.vulgaris and its antimicrobial activity was also better than A.vulgaris.Extracts obtained from both species were found to be more effective on the tested yeasts than bacteria.The kinetics of the total extractive substances,such as phenolic,flavonoids and quercetin extraction,was successfully described by the model of unsteady-state diffusion.

Flavonoids in Georgian Bee Bread and Bee Pollen

The proposed work aims to study phenol components （flavonoids） of bee bread and pollen obtained in Georgia using the HPLC （high-performance liquid chromatography） method, and to determine the content of biologically active compounds in them. The samples were taken in lmereti region （west Georgia）. After extraction of samples, there were carried out spectral and HPLC analysis of compounds for the sake of qualitative and quantitative research of them. There are studied the flavonoid compounds of bee bread and pollen by using the HPLC methods, and naringin, rutin and quercetin are identified. Their amount counts about 20% of full content of flavonoids. The content of flavonols in bee bread and pollen has been established. It also has been determined that the amount of flavonoids during the storage period of products reduces to 6.17-5.03 g.kg-1.

Optimization of Extraction Process of Olive Leaves by RSM and Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity Measurements to the Mixtures

Water extracts prepared from seven varieties of olive leaves native to the Mediterranean area but planted in Sichuan province, P.R. China, namely Frantoiao, Leccio, Ezhi, Picholine, Pendollino, Chenggu and Huaou 9#, were examined for their total phenonic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant capacity. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and a colorimetric method, respectively. ABTS＋ method and FRAP were used for examining antioxidant activity. Response surface methodology （RSM） was used for optimizing the extract condition. Under the optimum condition, the total phenolic and flavonoid content of aqueous extracts of the dry olive leaves （DOL） ranged from 40.27 to 56.58 mg gallic acid （GAE）/g DOL and 21.59 to 33.72 mg catechin （CE）/g DOL in June, 34.31 to 52.81 mg GAE/g DOL and 17.11 to 23.53 mg CE/g DOL in November. The ABTS＋ method and FRAP ranged from 0.23 to 0.35 mmol trolox （TE）/g DOL and 313.01 to 409.69 μmol Fe2＋/g DOL in June, 0.19 to 0.30 mmol TE/g DOL and 254.69 to 418.10 pmol Fe2＋/g DOL in November. Our results revealed that the total phenolic and flavonoid, or antioxidant capacity of the water extract were higher in June than November. Moreover, it was noticed that the antioxidant activity depends on the flavonoid and phenolic.

Effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,digestive enzyme activity,and body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

An 8-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effect of dietary genistein on growth performance,body composition,and digestive enzymes activity of juvenile Nile tilapia(Oreochromis niloticus).Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated containing four graded supplements of genistein:0,30,300,and 3 000 μg/g.Each diet was randomly assigned in triplicate to tanks stocked with 15 juvenile tilapia(10.47±1.24 g).The results show that 30 and 300 μg/gdietary genistein had no significant effect on growth performance of Nile tilapia,but the higher level of genistein(3 000 μg/g)significantly depressed the final body weight and specific growth rate.There was no significant difference in survival rate,feed intake,feed efficiency ratio or whole body composition among all dietary treatments.An assay of digestive enzymes showed that the diet containing 3 000 μg/ggenistein decreased stomach and hepatopancreas protease activity,and amylase activity in the liver and intestine,while a dietary level of300 μg/g genistein depressed stomach protease and intestine amylase activities.However,no significant difference in stomach amylase activity was found among dietary treatments.Overall,the results of the present study indicate that a high level of dietary genistein(3 000 μg/g,or above) would significantly reduce the growth of Nile tilapia,partly because of its inhibitory effect on the activity of major digestive enzymes.Accordingly,the detrimental effects of genistein,as found in soybean products,should not be ignored when applied as an alternative ingredient source in aquaculture.

Correlation of the Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Moroccan Pomegranate （Punica Granatum） with Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents

The Pomegranate （Punica Granatum）, which belongs tothe Lythraceae family, has been used for centuries in traditional Greco-Arab and Islamic medicine of its vermifuge properties and also to treat various diseases. The aim of this research was to investigate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant activities of Moroccan Pomegranate （peel, leaves, branches, flowers and corolla）. Further, the biological activities were correlated with phytochemical contents of the plant extracts. Methanolic extract from different parts of Punica Granatum was assessed for its antiproliferative activity in two human cancer （breast and colon） cells lines （MBA-MD 231 and HT-29）, through MTT （3-（4,5-dimethyl-2- thiazolyl）-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide） bioassay using cell viability and cytotoxicity indices. DPPH （2,2-diphenyl-l-picrylhydrazyl） assay was conducted to screen the antioxidant property of the extracts together with its phenolic and flavonoids content were evaluated, as well. The methanolic extract ofPunica Granatum （peel, leaves, branches, flowers and corolla） showed the highest antiproliferative activity on MBA-MD 231 （IC50 was 133.53-233.32 μg/mL） and HT-29 （IC50 was 127.58-203.24 μg/mL） cells. Antioxidants contents are distributed as follows： peel 〉 leaf 〉 flower 〉 corolla 〉 branches. The inhibitory activities required for decreasing initial DPPH by 50% are 8.27, 9.9, 10.06, 11.67 and 13.28 μg/mL, respectively. These results are in correlation with polyphenols content from corolla, peel, leaves, flower and branches are 120.7, 115, 96.65, 90.73 and 64.67 mg GAE/g dw （mg gallic acid equivalents per g dry weight） and flavonoids are 188.8, 221.7, 180.2, 193.7 and 158.5 mg QE/g dw （mg quercetin equivalents per g dry weight）. Our results show that the peel, flowers, corolla, leaves and branches of Moroccan Pomegranate may contain a lot of bioactive compounds which are responsible for strong antioxidant and cytotoxicity activities observed here. Our finding indicates the possibility of using the extracts of this plant as source of natural antioxidant and anticancer mainly for its abundant phenolic and flavonoid contents.

Chemical Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha pulegium Essential Oils

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Artemisia herba-alba and Mentha pulegium were determined. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Their antibacterial activity was studied in vitro against three standard strains： E. coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, and five clinical strains： Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas pyocyanique, Enterococcus faecium, and E. coli. Nineteen constituents were identified in A. herba-alba essential oil representing 99.57% of the total composition The major component was α-thujone （59.07%）. The bacterial strains were inhibited at concentrations ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 5μL/mL and killed at concentrations ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 10 μL/mL. M. pulegium resulted in the identification of eighteen constituents representing 99.48% of the total composition. The main component was pulegone （78.07%）. The minimal inhibitory （MIC） and bactericidal （MBC） concentrations were ranging from 1.25 μL/mL to 2.5 μL/mL.

Comparative Study on the Antibacterial Activity of Fresh and Fallen Leaves of Terminalia catappa L.

In the work reported here, the potential of different methods （cold and hot water, and ethanolic） of extraction of Indian almond （Terminalia catappa L.）, fresh and fallen leaves as an anti-bacterial agent was investigated. The hot water extract did not show any spectrum of activity against the selected bacteria while the cold water extract showed slight antibacterial activity suggesting that the effective components are heat labile. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves have higher antibiotic spectrum of activity than the cold water extract showing ethanol to be a better solvent in extracting the effective component. The fallen leaves seem to have a higher concentration of the effective component against the bacteria while ethanolic extract of the fresh leaves have similar spectrum of activity to Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofuratoin. These suggest that some effective components are lost when leaves fall off while some seem to increase in concentration. Fresh and fallen leaves contain tannin and flavonoids. In addition, the fallen leaves contain flavones. This might be responsible for the higher activity of fallen leaves extract observed against Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. in our study. Combined use of extracts from fresh and fallen leaves broadened the spectrum of activity.

Influence of Solvent Polarity and Conditions on Extraction of Antioxidant, Flavonoids and Phenolic Content from A verrhoa bilimbi

This paper presents the influence of solvent polarity and extraction conditions on the extraction of total flavonoid, total phenolic and antioxidants from Averrhoa bilimbi. The experiment was performed using a different solvent at different extraction conditions, including extraction time （15-240 min）, temperature （30-70 ℃） and agitation speed （50-300 rpm）. Results showed that yields of extraction varies with solvent polarity. Extraction using 50% aqueous methanol gives the highest antioxidant activity and flavonoid content. The highest total flavonoid content （193.3 μg quercetin equivalent/g dry weight）, total phenolic content （717.8 μg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight） and antioxidant activity （77%） was achieved using 50% methanol, at 70 ℃ and agitation speed of 300 rpm. This work may be useful for obtaining higher bioactive compounds during the extraction process of A. bilimbi.