金融机构存款结构活期化趋势明显

随着居民理财意识的不断增强以及金融企业经营理念的转变,金融机构存款结构活期化的现象日趋明显。本文通过对渭南市金融机构存款结构及相关数据的分析,指出存款活期化趋势是不可避免的,并将在今后一段时期内持续。

金融机构信贷资金期限匹配问题研究:以西部地区为例

存款活期化、贷款中长期化并存的信贷资金期限配置现象,已成为经济金融运行中重点关注的问题。从经济主体利润最大化、经济结构、历史政策因素、融资体制制约、金融统计指标等多角度,诠释了西部地区金融机构信贷资金期限相匹配的客观性和合理性,提出西部金融机构可持续发展的政策建议。

Effects of Drought Stress on Activity of POD and CAT in Wheat during Generation Period

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the changes in activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period under drought stress. [Method] Four wheat cultivars, including Yunong 51, Zhoumai 22, Jimai 19 and Huaimai 22, were selected as experimental materials and cultured under drought stress simulated by different concentrations of PEG6000, to determine the activity of POD and CAT. [Result] POD and CAT activity in wheat during generation period increased gradual y under stress of 5% and 15% PEG6000 from 0 to 120 h; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 15% PEG6000 increased more compared with that under stress of 5% PEG6000; POD and CAT activity in wheat under stress of 25% and 35% PEG6000 increased first and then decreased. Stress duration significantly af-fected the activity of POD and CAT in wheat during generation period. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical references for breeding drought-tolerant wheat.

Effects of Water Deficit and Increased Nitrogen Application in the Late Growth Stage on Physiological Characters of Anti-aging of Leaves in Different Hybrid Rice Varieties

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the effects of water and fertilizer regulation on the function of leaves in the filling stage. [Method] Six hybrid rice vari- eties including prematurely aged types and non-prematurely aged ones were selected as experimental materials. Limiting water treatment （with soil water potential of about -25 kpa） and increasing nitrogen treatment （additional 10% of granular nitrogen fertiliz- er in addition to limiting water treatment） were applied after heading to analyse the rates of aging and physiological responses of anti-aging in different hybrid rice vari- eties under water deficit and increased nitrogen conditions taking regular water and fertilizer as control. [Result] The results showed that water deficit accelerated the leaf senescence, and prematurely aged types-＇Zhongyou838＇, ＇Tianyou998＇ and ＇Long- ping601 ＇-were more markedly affected by water deficit, of which the rates of chloro- phyll degradation were 6%-8% higher compared to that in another three hybrids. In- creasing nitrogen treatment raised chlorophyll content and slowed down its degrada- tion. Water deficit caused the increase of abscisic acid （ABA） content to obviously varying degrees in leaves of six hybried rice varieties. Responses of ABA content in six hybried rice varieties to increased nitrogen fertilizer were not consistent. Except in ＇Zhongyou838＇, ABA content in the other five hybrids had varying degrees of in- crease. The responses of the activity of antioxidant enzymes in different hybried rice varieties were inconsistent. In response to increased nitrogen fertilizer in combination with water deficit, the activity of each antioxidant enzyme changed differently. Water deficit enhanced the accumulation of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves of each hybrid rice. The correlation analysis showed that chlorophyll content was extremely signifi- cantly positively correlated to the resistance of each antioxidant enzyme; SOD activity in leaves also positively related to ABA content. [Conclusion] The rate of leaf aging, physiological activity of anti-aging, and response to water deficit varied in different hy- bried rice varieties. The activity of antioxidant enzymes were not all induced to improve by ABA. SOD activity can be an indicator of resistance to stress. Increasing nitrogen ap- plication significantly postponed leave senescence in the late growth stage of rice.

Changes in functions,forms,and locations of lead during its anthropogenic flows to provide services

Knowledge of the changes in a material’s function, form, and location during the transfer and transformation of materials to generate human services will improve our understanding of how humanity interacts with the environment and of how services are formed by human activities. We compared lead’s anthropogenic and biogeochemical cycles and found that the services, pathways, and changes in form requiring the most attention. We traced lead through its life cycle and identified the changes in its functions, forms, and locations by examining technology and engineering information. Lead ore and scrap were the two main anthropogenic sources of lead. When lead provides human services, its main functions included the storage and delivery of electricity, anti-corrosion treatments, and radiation protection; the main forms of lead in these products were Pb, PbO2 and PbSO4, and the main location changed from lithosphere in central China to regions in eastern China.

Effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor on activation of astrocytes in vitro

Objective To observe the activating effect of ciliary neurotrophic factor （CNTF） on astrocyte in vitro. Methods Astrocytes cultured purely from newborn rats. Cerebral cortex was raised in normal and serum deprivation condition with different concentrations （in ng/ml： 0, 2, 20, or 200） of CNTF. After cultured for 24 h, the shape and the cell cycle of astrocytes were examined by immunocytochemistry and flow cytometer, respectively. Results The immunoactivity of glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP） and the nuclear size of astrocytes were increased when CNTF was applied, whether cells were cultured in medium with or without serum. CNTF promoted astrocytes to enter the cell cycle in medium with serum, but had no this effect in medium without serum. Conclusion In medium without serum, astrocytes could differentiate into activated state ceils with CNTF application, but could not proliferate; in medium with serum, astrocytes could proliferate with aid of CNTF.

Addition of Urban Waste to Semiarid Degraded Soil:Long-term Effect

The addition of municipal solid wastes （MSW） is considered as a possible strategy for soil rehabilitation in southeast Spain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term （17 years） effect of five doses of MSW addition on the microbiological, biochemical, and physical properties of semiarid soil. Increased values of several parameters that serve as indicators of general microbiological activity, such as, basal respiration, adenosine triphosphate （ATP） or dehydrogenase activity; microbial population size （microbial biomass C）, and extracellular hydrolase activity related to macronutrient cycles, such as, urease, 3-glucosidase, and N-a-benzoyl-L-argininamide protease, were observed in the amended soils. The highest MSW doses showed the highest values in these hydrolase activities. The incorporation of municipal waste resulted in a more dense development of the plant cover, 50% greater in higher doses than in the control treatment, which generated a substantial increase in several C fractions. Total organic carbon reached 12 g kg^-1 soil with the highest MSW doses, compared to 4.30 g kg^-1 soil in the control treatment. The physical properties of the soil were also improved, showing greater percentage of stable aggregates and water holding capacity. Positive correlation coefficients between C fractions and parameters related to microbial activity and aggregate stability were observed. Although these improvements were greater in the soils receiving the highest doses of organic amendment, the increases were not proportional to the amount added, demonstrating the existence of a threshold, above which an increase in the amount of organic matter added is not reflected in an increase in the soil＇s physical, biochemical, and microbiological properties. However, the addition of municipal solid wastes proved its suitability for improving soil quality, thereby indicating the potential of such an amendment, to prevent desertification in Mediterranean areas such as those studied.

Metabolic rates and biochemical compositions of Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) tissue during periods of inactivity

Estivation, hibernation, and starvation are indispensable inactive states of sea cucumbers Apostichopusjaponicus in nature and in culture ponds. Generally, temperature is the principal factor that induces estivation or hibernation in the sea cucumber. The present study provided insight into the physiological adaptations ofA. japonicus during the three types of inactivity （hibernation, estivation, and starvation） by measuring the oxygen consumption rates （Vo2） and biochemical compositions under laboratory conditions of low （3℃）, normal （17℃） and high （24℃） temperature. The results show that the characteristics of A. japonicus in dormancy （hibernation and estivation） states were quite different from higher animals, such as fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals, but more closely resembled a semi-dormant state. It was observed that the shift in the A. japonicus physiological state from normal to dormancy was a chronic rather than acute process, indicated by the gradual depression of metabolic rate. While metabolic rates declined 44.9% for the estivation group and 71.7% for the hibernation group, relative to initial rates, during the 36 d culture period, metabolic rates were not maintained at constant levels during these states. The metabolic depression processes for sea cucumbers in hibernation and estivation appeared to be a passive and an active metabolic suppression, respectively. In contrast, the metabolic rates （128.904-11.70 μg/g h） of estivating sea cucumbers were notably higher （107.85±6.31 μg/gh） than in starving sea cucumbers at 17℃, which indicated that the dormancy mechanism here, as a physiological inhibition, was not as efficient as in higher animals. Finally, the principle metabolic substrate or energy source of sea cucumbers in hibernation was lipid, whereas in estivation they mainly consumed protein in the early times and both protein and lipid thereafter.

Free radicals, apparent activation energy, and functional groups during low-temperature oxidation of Jurassic coal in Northern Shaanxi

Correlations among free radicals, apparent activation energy, and functional groups during lowtemperature oxidation of Jurassic coal in Northern Shaanxi were investigated by examining three coal samples collected from the Ningtiaota, Jianxin, and Shigetai coal mines. Free radical concentrations at less than 120 ℃ were investigated by electron spin resonance experiments while the thermogravimetric experiments were conducted to analyze apparent activation energies. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to study the spectrum of functional groups generated in coal. The results indicated that, in decreasing order, the apparent activation energies were Shigetai 〉Jianxin 〉 Ningtiaota, indicating that, from 50 to 120 ℃, the Ningtiaota coal sample most easily absorbed and reacted with oxygen while the most resistant was the Shigetai coal sample. Free radical concentrations and line heights increased with increased temperature, and the line width and Lande factor showed irregular fluctuations. Functional group variations were different among these coals, and the phenol and alcohol-associated OHs, carboxyls, and aromatic ring double bonds might have had a major impact on free radical concentrations. These results were meaningful for better consideration and management of coal oxidation at low temperatures.

Effect of Temperature Variation on the Separation of Sesamin and Sesamolin by Simulated Moving Bed

In this work, sesamin and sesamolin is separated and purified by SMB （simulated moving bed） chromatography. Purity of sesamin and sesamolin can reach 99.2% and 99.9 %, and they can be recovered by 99.9% and 99.4%, respectively. Concentrations of the extract and raffinate was monitored and periodical change of the concentration was observed on experiment. Effects of non-linear adsorption, dead volume, and temperature on the separation are reviewed by the triangle theory to explain the periodical change of concentration. It is found that dead volume has little effect, and temperature fluctuation significantly affects thc separation by SMB. The temperature seriously affects the robust operation of SMB due to the change of Henry＇s constant, which will change the selectivity and restrain the productivity. Although the productivity in this study is only 0.0416 g/L-hr, the cost of the stationary phase used in this study is much lower than that of packed in analytical column. By using this stationary phase, the authors are still able to separate the mixture of sesamin and sesmolin. This will economically attract attention for the application of SMB to purify bioactive compounds on developing botanical drugs.

Dual-specificity histone demethylase KIAA1718 （KDM7A） regulates neural differentiation through FGF4

Dimethylations of histone H3 lysine 9 and lysine 27 are important epigenetic marks associated with transcription repression. Here, we identified KIAA1718 （KDM7A） as a novel histone demethylase specific for these two repressing marks. Using mouse embryonic stem cells, we demonstrated that KIAA1718 expression increased at the early phase of neural differentiation. Knockdown of the gene blocked neural differentiation and the effect was rescued by the wild-type human gene, and not by a catalytically inactive mutant. In addition, overexpression of KIAA1718 accelerated neural differentiation. We provide the evidence that the pro-neural differentiation effect of KDM7A is mediated through direct transcriptional activation of FGF4, a signal molecule implicated in neural differentiation. Thus, our study identified a dual-specificity histone demethylase that regulates neural differentiation through FGF4.

Characterization of the Xenopus homolog of animmediate early gene associated with cell activation: sequence analysis and regulation of its expression by thyroid hormone during amphibian metamorphosis

The complex transformation of a tadpole to a frogduring amphibian development is under the control of thyroid hormone (T3). T3 is known to regulate gene transcription through its nuclear receptors. We have previouslyisolated many genes which are up-regulated by T3 in theintestine of Xenopus laevis tadpoles. We have now cloneda full- length cDNA for one such gene (IU12). Sequenceanalysis shows that the IU12 cDNA encodes a plasmamembrane protein with 12 transmembrane domains andhomologous to a mammalian gene associated with cell activation and organ development. Similarly, we have foundthat IU12 is activated during intestinal remodeling whenboth cell death and proliferation take place. Furthermore,IU12 is an early T3-response gene and its expression in theintestine during T3-induced metamorphosis mimics thatduring normal development. These results argue for a roleof IU12 in the signal transduction pathways leading to intestinal metamorphosis.

Importance of Food Physics, to Fulfill the Expectations of Modern Food Technologies

The paper deals with some questions of important aspects of food safety and application of principles of food physics in the food sector. Food production and processing of quality food and safe food are today of primary importance. Food production is based on the principles of Good Agricultural Practice （GAP）, Good Manufactoring Practice （GMP） and Good Hygiene Practice （GHP）. Recently, the industrial food processing is focused dominantly on the quality, and one of the basic requirements of the quality is the safety. There are different methods and techniques to produce safe food. The up-to-date food technologies and quality measurements （quality control and quality assurance） involve the application of different physical methods, e.g., high pressure, pulsing electrical field, nondestructive techniques, e.g., nuclear magnetic resonance （NMR）, near infrared reflectance, near infrared transmittance （NIR-NIT）, photo acoustic spectroscopy （PAS） and instrumental neutron activation analysis （INAA） for chemical composition determination, radiation techniques, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis （RO） as well. Using ionizing radiation （nuclear methods） and non-ionizing radiation technologies, it is possible to fulfill a lot of expectations： decrease of microbial contamination, improve of sensory properties, increase of storability, etc..

The approaches in detecting cell cycle specificity of Fas-mediated apoptosis in leukemia cell lines and activated PBLs in vitro

Objective： To establish a system in detecting the cell cycle specificity induced by recombinant human Fas ligand in vitro, so as to provide a reliable platform for further exploring the mechanism of cell cycle control and regulation in Fas-mediated apoptosis. Methods： The target cells-leukaemia cell lines and activated peripheral blood lymphocytes stimulated by phytohemagglutinin were incubated with recombinant human Fas ligand for 6 to 36 h, apoptosis was detected by sub-G1, common annexin-Ⅴ/PI and modified annexin Ⅴ and propidium iodide （API） methods and analysed by flow cytometry. Results： The modified API method demonstrated that Fas-mediated apoptosis was cell cycle specific and initiated at G1 phase. The common annexinⅤ/PI method showed the most appropriate condition for the detection of typical cell cycle-specific apoptosis. The sub-G1 method could only illuminate late apoptosis and DNA histogram. Conclusion： Fas-mediated apoptosis was cell cycle-specific and initiated at G 1 phase. Based on the modified API and common AnnexinⅤ/PI methods, the establishment of stable and typical cell cycle-specific model in Fas-mediated apoptosis in vitro was feasible.

A Study of Burial Patterns and Symbolism With Reference to Harappan Sites in India

Since time and beyond, when humans first developed the understanding of staying in communities, a sense of affection and adoration grew towards fellow beings. The law of nature of the cycle of life gave rise to the belief in life after death and a sense of intimidation for the same, gave way to supernatural beliefs. Such beliefs gave rise to multifarious customary activities. A study to understand them on the basis of symbolism has paved the way for simplification of the complex rituals, and hence, perceive the prevalent socio-cultural aspects of those times.

Investigation into the Total Phenols and Antioxidant Activity during Storage of Fruit Smoothies

In this study, the total phenols （TP） and antioxidant activity of three different fruit smoothies （Blackberries, Raspberry and Boysenberry （BRAB）, Mango and Passion fruits （MAP） and Blackcurrant, Acerola cherries and Rosehips （BACAR）） were determined during storage by Folin-Ciocalteu and ferric reducing antioxidant power （FRAP） assays respectively. TP ranged from 1,943 to 2,692 mg L-1 gallic acid equivalent whereas FRAP from 43,217 to 126,125 μmol L-1 Trolox equivalent for the three smoothies on opening. BACAR had the highest TP and antioxidant activity. The smoothies showed significant decrease （P 〈 0.05） in TP during storage. The decrease in antioxidant activity was significant （P 〈 0.05） for BRAB and MAP only. However, the study revealed that the smoothies had high antioxidant activity even during shelf-life at 4 ℃ which implies that consumption of smoothies may give considerable antioxidant benefits. Correlation between TP and antioxidant activity was strong and highly significant （r = 0.890, P 〈 0.0001）.

Numerical Simulation of Coseismic Response and Its Mechanism of Well Water Temperature to Farfield Strong Earthquakes1

Heat flow is inevitably accompanied by temperature change,thus,the water temperature coseismic response during earthquake activity should also obey the laws of thermodynamics.Taking the M S8.0 Wenchuan,Sichuan,China earthquake and the M9.0Tohoku,Japan earthquake as an example,and based on the data of water temperature coseismic responses observed in well ZK26 in Haikou,Hainan Province,China,we investigate the relationship between well water temperature change and heat transfer in the coseismic response process and the relevant thermodynamic mechanism by using the numerical simulation method for thermodynamic equations.Then,through forward modeling,we obtain several simulation curves of water temperature change in response to earthquakes along the well depth at different times.The simulated curves of water temperature change approximately fit the observed curves.Consequently,based on the variation of temperature,we find that the modes of well water temperature coseismic response( ascending,descending or stable) are related to factors such as the location of sensors,distribution and location of heat sources,the span between sensors and heat sources.

Effect of androgen withdrawal on activation of ERKs and expression of cell cycle regulation molecules in human prostate carcinoma cells

Objective: To explore the possible mechanisms of growth regression of human androgen dependent prostate carcinoma cells caused by androgen withdrawal. Methods: After 24 h of treatment with 1 × 10-9 mol/L dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the expression of phosphorylated ERK proteins and cell cycle regulation molecules including CDK2, CDK4, CDK6 and P27kip1 in human androgen dependent prostate carcinoma cell line LNCaP was measured by Western blot analysis 0 h, 8 h and 24 h of after androgen withdrawal. Human androgen independent prostate carcinoma cell line PC-3 was also examined as control. Results: Down-regulation of phosphorylated ERK, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6 and up-regulation of P27kip1 were found initially in LNCaP cell line 8 h after androgen withdrawal. The levels of phosphorylated ERK and CDKs decreased continuously and reached the lowest after 24 h, while continuous elevation of P27kip1 was detected thereafter to 24 h. No expression change of phosphorylated ERK, CDKs and P27kip1 were detected in PC-3 cell line. Conclusion: The androgen withdrawal can cause ERKs activation decrease and cell cycle regulation molecules changes, which may be one of the mechanisms for inhibited growth of androgen dependent prostate carcinoma after androgen ablation by either operative or medicine methods.

Regulation of Hepatitis C Virus Replication and Gene Expression by the MAPK-ERK Pathway

The mitogen activated protein kinases-extracellular signal regulated kinases （MAPK-ERK） pathway is involved in regulation of multiple cellular processes including the cell cycle. In the present study using a Huh7 cell line Conl with an HCV replicon, we have shown that the MAPK-ERK pathway plays a significant role in the modulation of HCV replication and protein expression and might influence IFN-a signalling. Epithelial growth factor （EGF） was able to stimulate ERK activation and decreased HCV RNA load while a MAPK-ERK pathway inhibitor U0126 led to an elevated HCV RNA load and higher NS5A protein amounts in Conl cells. It could be further demonstrated that the inhibition of the MAPK-ERK pathway facilitated the translation directed by the HCV internal ribosome entry site. Consistently, a U0126 treatment enhanced activity of the HCV reporter replicon in transient transfeetion assays. Thus, the MAPK-ERK pathway plays an important role in the regulation of HCV gene expression and replication. In addition, cyclin-dependent kinases （CDKs） downstream of ERK may also be involved in the modulation of HCV replication since roscovitine, an inhibitor of CDKs had a similar effect to that of U0126. Modulation of the cell cycle progression by cell cycle inhibitor or RNAi resulted consistently in changes of HCV RNA levels. Further, the replication of HCV replicon in Conl cells was inhibited by IFN-~z. The inhibitory effect of IFN-CZ could be partly reversed by pre-incubation of Con-1 cells with inhibitors of the MAPK-ERK pathway and CDKs. It could be shown that the MAPK-ERK inhibitors are able to partially modulate the expression of interferon-stimulated genes.

Dynamic change of xylanase activity and gene expression during wheat germination on As（III） stress

Through water cultivating method, the dynamic changes of xylanase activity in seed, root and plumule of wheat with different As （III） concentration treatment were studied. The results indicated that the order of average xylanase activity was seed〉plumule〉root. With the increasing concentration of As （III）, the xylanase activity elevated first then dropped in seed, but it descended first then ascended in root and plumule. As the sampling time prolonged, the xylanase activity of seeds climbed first then dropped on the four as （III） concentration, the same trend also appeared in pulume, as the as （Ill） concentration went up, the xylanase activity moved up simultaneity. Semi-quantity Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction was used in the study, the results indicated that, the xylanase gene began to express at 132 h on 0 mg/L As （III） concentration and at 120h on other concentration in the leaves of wheat.