幼儿园种植园地的“活管理”分析

在幼儿园教学中,种植园地教学是较为关键的环节,教师教学时应当重视起来,让幼儿在种植园地内感受并发现自然,体验大自然带来的与课堂上不同的氛围。在种植园地开展活动期间,可以让幼儿亲自参与,提升其动手能力,加强幼儿之间的交流,让幼儿学会团结互助,同时培养幼儿的观察能力。文章对幼儿园种植园地“活管理”进行分析,旨在为相关教师提供经验。

上海植物园活植物管理系统设计与应用

随着国家植物园网络的逐步建设和生物多样性保护的需求日益增长,以活植物迁地保护和植物种质资源保存为核心功能的植物园,以及相关活植物管理系统和共享平台的建设成为迫切需要和重要任务。上海植物园活植物管理系统是借鉴了国内外植物园的成功经验,结合自身特点并综合各方面管理需求而设计,该系统主要包含5个业务库和8个子系统,统筹管理野外采集、引种保育、专类园建设、植物养护、科学研究、苗圃和保育基地等业务部门的活植物信息化工作。概况介绍该系统的核心架构与主要功能,并对系统建成后的运行、管理和维护中可能遇到的问题提出若干解决方案和建议,以期为同行业或相关领域开展相关工作提供参考和借鉴。

H7N9禽流感病毒基因变异分析与活禽市场管理研究

目的对比分析人和活禽市场来源禽分离到的H7N9 禽流感病毒基因组差异;为流行季节活禽市场管理提供依据.方法采集实验室确诊和有禽类接触史的H7N9 病毒感染患者的咽拭子和痰标本,采用RT-PCR检测病毒的M、H7 和N9 基因,采用MDCK细胞培养病毒.对有流行病学关联的活禽市场收集了30份禽类泄殖腔拭子标本并接种于鸡胚.通过测序对从人和鸡分离到的病毒进行鉴定和分型,并对病毒的8个基因片段进行分析.结果患者感染毒株基因序列与从当地一农贸市场鸡中分离到的H7N9 禽流感病毒基因序列同源.所有的病毒基因片段属于禽源性,从患者体内分离到的病毒株出现了H7 基因 Gln226Leu和Gly186Val替换（这有可能增加了病毒与人呼吸道上皮细胞唾液酸α-2,6 型受体的亲和力）和PB2基因 Asp701Asn突变（该突变与禽流感病毒的哺乳动物适应性有关）.结论H7N9 禽流感病毒出现了适应性变异,可从禽向人跨种传 播.因其对家禽没有致病性,导致活禽交易不止,禽流感威胁不息,为有效控制禽类 H7N9 病毒进一步感染人并引发大流行,流行期间有必要采取一些如临时关闭活禽市场和综合性监测等有效措施.

“活”管理向“活”世界的回归

基于胡塞尔的生活世界理论阐释学生生活世界的独特性,最重要的是学生的存在和学生的生成性,通过对"活"管理的内涵和特点、"活"世界的内涵和特点进行结合分析,提出"活"世界的异化表现及其原因,有针对性的从主体维度、空间维度和时间维度三个维度提出"活"管理向"活"世界的回归途径。

“大病区小科室”管理模式探讨

针对目前患者"住院难"、"看病贵",而医院因科室"冷热不均"带来的床位紧缺或闲置问题,提出"大病区小科室"管理模式。通过统一调配全院床位资源,加快床位周转率,减少患者等待时间,提高患者就医感受,同时提高医院社会效益及经济效益。

浅谈档案管理人员的素质培养

随着国家政务公开及公众档案意识的增强,社会各界对档案的需求越来越多,机遇与挑战并存,如何改变一直被人们视为"冷门"和"边缘"行业的档案部门的形象,成了每一位档案人要思考的问题。着力加强档案资源建设,全面提升档案安全保障能力,提高档案资源在现代社会发展进程中的作用,是当前档案工作的重要任务之一。档案资源建设是档案事业的永恒主题,加强档案资源建设是丰富档案资源、完善馆藏结构。

上海市人民代表大会法制委员会关于《上海市商品交易市场管理条例(草案)》(修改稿)修改情况的报告

主任、各位副主任、秘书长、各位委员:市十二届人大常委会第二十三次会议对《上海市商品交易市场管理条例(草案)》(修改稿)(以下简称草案修改稿)进行了审议。常委会组成人员认为,在广泛听取各方面意见基础上形成的草案修改稿,总体上比较成熟。同时,常委会组成人员还提出了一些修改意见。法制委员会于11月4日召开会议,研究了常委会组成人员的意见,对草案修改稿作了进一步修改。财政经济委员会的同志列席了会议。现将草案修改稿的主要修改情况报告如下:

Influence range of emergency under special events based on CTM

To determine the dynamic influence range of emergencies under special events, the spacial and temporal characteristics of the traffic flow are studied by simulation based on the cell transmission model （CTM）. Based on the traffic management measures used under special events, a semi-dynamic assignment algorithm is proposed, which is combined with an algorithm for logit multi-path traffic assignment and the CTM. In a simple calculation network, the spacial and temporal characteristics of traffic flows which vary with different traffic management schemes are studied, and a method to obtain the influence range of emergency is proposed by computing the jam time of the intersections. By contrasting the average delay of each vehicle, the dissipation effect is studied under two different traffic management schemes. The example shows that the spatial and temporal variety of the traffic flow can be easily simulated and the influence range of emergency can be confirmed by the method based on the CTM. The proposed method provides a new idea for decision-making on traffic management under emergency under special events.

Effects of Different Land Use Types on Soil Organic Carbon and Carbon Management Index in Karst Area

[Objective] The aim was to reveal changes of soil organic matter fraction and their corresponding carbon management indexes as affected by different land use types.[Method]Soil organic carbon,active soil organic carbon and soil carbon management index（CMI）of different land use types in Guilin Maocun karst area were studied.Sampling with field investigation and laboratory testing was carried out.Heavy potassium chromate method was adopted to determine soil organic matter.333 mmol/L KMnO4 oxidation method was used to determine active organic carbon.[Result]With active soil organic matter increasing,the differences of CMI between different land use types were bigger.The CMI value of different land uses was shrubforest paddy fielddry farmland.The statistical analysis showed that labile organic matter was related with major soil properties at a significant level.[Conclusion]Labile organic matter could be used to reveal the influence of different land use types on soil organic matter and carbon management index in karst area.

Soil Carbon Pool Management Index under Different Straw Retention Regimes

[Objective] To clarify the effects of different straw retention regimes on soil fertility in double cropping paddy field. [Method] The effects of different straw reten- tion regimes on total organic carbon （CToc）, active carbon （CA） and mineralized carbon （CM） were analyzed, and carbon pool active （A）, carbon pool active index （A/）, carbon pool index （CPI） and carbon pool management index （CPMi） for each treat- ment were calculated. [Result] Compared with the unfertilized treatment （CK）, CToc, CA, CM and the available ratio of soil carbon were increased in the treatment of re- turning early season and late season rice straws to field. With the same nutrient application, CToc, CA and the available ratio of soil carbon in the field with straw re- turned to field were higher than that of straw incineration and no straw returning, and the change in soil CA content was more significant. The difference in CPMI be- tween different treatments reached significant or very significant level, and the value was in the order of straw directly returned to field 〉 straw returned to field after in- cineration 〉 no straw returned to field. [Conclusion] This study provided theoretical bases for the increase of soil CA content and soil fertility in double rice fields.

Current trends in management of hepatitis B virus reactivation in the biologic therapy era

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation represents an emerging cause of liver disease in patients undergoing treatment with biologic agents. In particular, the risk ofHBV reactivation is heightened by the use monoclonalantibodies, such as rituximab (anti-CD20) and alemtuzumab (anti-CD52) that cause profound and longlasting immunosuppression. Emerging data indicatethat HBV reactivation could also develop following theuse of other biologic agents, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α inhibitors. When HBV reactivation is di-agnosed, it is mandatory to suspend biologic treatmentand start antiviral agents immediately. However, preemptive antiviral therapy prior to monoclonal antibodyadministration is crucial in preventing HBV reactivationand its clinical consequences. Several lines of evidencehave shown that risk of HBV reactivation is greatlyreduced by the identifi cation of high-risk patients andthe use of prophylactic antiviral therapy. In this article, we discuss current trends in the management of HBV reactivation in immunosuppressed patients receiving biologic therapy, such as rituximab, alemtuzumab and TNF-α antagonists.

A mathematics model investigation of ideal fluids in a pipeline of moving ending

A case of ideal fluid flow in a moving ending rigid constant diameter circular pipeline is investigated. A model of the pipeline was established based on distributed-parameter theory. The comparisons on a quotient module of output and input pressure of the moving ending model and neglected ending moving model are made on the frequency response. It is revealed that the moving ending of pipeline influences largely the quotient amplitude of output and input pressure, and the peak value of frequency resonance increases with the increase of pipeline’s length.

The Effects of Natural Capital Protection on Pastoralist's Livelihood and Management Implication in the Source Region of the Yellow River, China

The interaction among different livelihood capitals is a key to generate a deeper understanding of the livelihood sustainability.In this paper,we use net income per capita(economic capital),meat and milk production per capita(physical capital),and areas of fenced pasture,livestock shelter,grassland rodent control and planted grassland(physical capital) as proxy indicators of livelihood promotion,livelihood provision,and livelihood protection respectively.By developing a correlation model between pastoralists' livelihood protection and improvement,we found that(1) there is a statistically significant correlation between the pastoralists' livelihood protection and promotion;(2) based on the maximum effect of pastoralists' livelihood promotion and provision,there is a benchmark in the effect of the intervention intensity of livelihood capital(grassland resource protection) on livelihood improvement;(3) on basis of two indicators,i.e.net income per capita and meat production per capita,the reasonable scales of fenced pasture,livestock shelter and planted grassland are less than 843,860 and 46 thousand hectares(hm2) per year respectively.With the marginal effect of livelihood protection,moderately decreased areas of fenced pasture and planted grassland,and increased area of livestock shelter is a critical to ensure pastoralist's livelihood sustainability.

Management strategies of Barrett's esophagus

Barrett's esophagus is a condition resulting from chronic gastro-esophageal reflux disease with a documented risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma. Current strategies for improved survival in patients with Barrett's adenocarcinoma focus on detection of dysplasia. This can be obtained by screening programs in high-risk cohorts of patients and/or endoscopic biopsy surveillance of patients with known Barrett's esophagus (BE). Several therapies have been developed in attempts to reverse BE and reduce cancer risk. Aggressive medical management of acid reflux, lifestyle modifications, antireflux surgery, and endoscopic treatments have been recommended for many patients with BE. Whether these interventions are cost-effective or reduce mortality from esophageal cancer remains controversial. Current treatment requires combinations of endoscopic mucosal resection techniques to eliminate visible lesions followed by ablation of residual metaplastic tissue. Esophagectomy is currently indicated in multifocal high-grade neoplasia or mucosal Barrett's carcinoma which cannot be managed by endoscopic approach.

The current status, threats and protection way of Sanjiang Plain wetland, Northeast China

The Sanjiang Plain is a vast area of alluvial floodplains and low hills in northeast Heilongjiang Province. It is the largest tract of wetlands in China and East Asia outside of Siberia. 28 wetland nature reserves exist on the Sanjiang Plain, and three of them have been listed as wetlands of international importance to water bird conservation by the Ramsar Convention Bureau. The wetlands of Sanjiang Plain are noteworthy for its rich biodiversity, but they continue to decline in area and deteriorate in quality currently. The main threats or constrains, immediate cause, root cause and required response are analyzed in this paper, and the four aspects opinion such as improvement of watershed management, enhancement of protection and restoration of habitats and biodiversity, alternative livelihoods of rural residents living in and near natural wetland reserve, and reinforcement of capacity building of natural reserves are brought forward as the effective measures for the Sanjiang Plain wetland protection.

Team management in college English classroom teaching

With the rapid development and furthering of higher education, most Chinese colleges have carried out large-scale enrollment program, which is a necessary improvement toward higher education reform. Meanwhile, the increasing number of students has posed new problems and requirements for the old teaching method： the English teachers are facing more students and larger classes. In Zhejiang University, City College （ZUCC） the credit system and course selection has challenged the English teachers on a higher level. Every English teacher is facing classes of more than 40 students from various departments with sharp contrast among individual students in their English proficiency level and local background. How can every student actively participate in teaching activity so as to achieve better performance in English class？ Many teachers, therefore, have adopted team activity and cooperative teaching method to stimulate student participation in class. Inspired by the management theory to optimize student groups into independent teams, the concept of team construction and team management has been introduced into College English Teaching in ZUCC, which has given new meaning to team activity--it will become an interdisciplinary teaching method with its own feature.

Macroalgae Blooms and their Effects on Seagrass Ecosystems

Seagrass decline caused by the macroalgae blooms is becoming a common phenomenon throughout temperate and tropical regions. We summarized the incidence of macroalgae blooms throughout the world and their impact on seagrass beds by direct and indirect ways. The competition for living space and using resources is the most direct effect on seagrass beds when macroalgae are blooming in an aquatic ecosystem. The consequence of macroalgae blooms(e.g., light reduction, hypoxia, and decomposition) can produce significant indirect effects on seagrass beds. Light reduction by the macroalgae can decrease the growth and recruitment of seagrasses, and decomposition of macroalgae mats can increase the anoxic and eutrophic conditions, which can further constrict the seagrass growth. Meanwhile, the presence of seagrass shoots can provide substrate for the macroalgae blooms. Controlling nutrient sources from the land to coastal waters is a general efficient way for coastal management. Researching into the synergistical effect of climate change and anthropognic nutrient loads on the interaction between searsasses and macroalgae can provide valuable information to decrease the negative effects of macroalgae blooms on seagrasses in eutrophic areas.

H7N9禽流感病毒人感染株与禽源株基因组差异分析研究

目的：对比分析人和活禽市场来源禽分离到的H7N9禽流感病毒基因组差异；为流行季节活禽市场管理提供依据。方法：采集实验室确诊和有禽类接触史的H7N9病毒感染患者的咽拭子和痰标本，采用RT—PCR检测病毒的M、H7和N9基因，采用MDCK细胞培养病毒。对有流行病学关联的活禽市场收集了30份禽类泄殖腔拭子标本并接种于鸡胚。通过测序对从人和鸡分离到的病毒进行鉴定和分型，并对病毒的8个基因片段进行分析。结果：患者感染毒株基因序列与从当地一农贸市场鸡中分离到的H7N9禽流感病毒基因序列同源。所有的病毒基因片段属于禽源性，从患者体内分离到的病毒株出现了H7基因Gln226Leu和Glyl86Val替换（这有可能增加了病毒与人呼吸道上皮细胞唾液酸a-2，6型受体的亲和力）和PB2基因Asp701Asn突变（该突变与禽流感病毒的哺乳动物适应性有关）。结论：H7N9禽流感病毒出现了适应性变异，可从禽向人跨种传播。为有效控制禽类H7N9病毒进一步感染人并引发大流行，流行期间有必要采取一些如临时关闭活禽市场和综合性监测等有效措施。

Research on the relationship between stand productivity and site condition of Larix kaempferi

In this research, five plots are Selected based on stand storage and productivity of planted forest of Larix kaempferi （Japanese larch） as well as their relationship with factors suCh as forest age, site condition and stand density. Through standard plot investigation and method of trunk analysis, systematic research is conducted on storage and productivity of the planted forest and their relationship with site condition. As shown in the research, productivity of planted forest of Larix kaempferi in low latitude area is higher than that in high latitude area while stand productivity is higher in slight acid soil. Contents of potassium element in the soil have Considerable influence on productivity of the Larix kaempferi forest.

What every gastroenterologist needs to know about common anorectal disorders

Anorectal complaints are very common and are caused by a variety of mostly benign anorectal disorders.Many anorectal conditions may be successfully treated by primary care physicians in the outpatient setting,but patients tend not to seek medical attention due to embarrassment or fear of cancer.As a result,patients frequently present with advanced disease after experiencing significant decreases in quality of life.A number of patients with anorectal complaints are referred to gastroenterologists.However,gastroenterologists' knowledge and experience in approaching these conditions may not be sufficient.This article can serve as a guide to gastroenterologists to recognize,evaluate,and manage medically or non-surgically common benign anorectal disorders,and to identify when surgical referrals are most prudent.A review of the current literature is performed to evaluate comprehensive clinical pearls and management guidelines for each topic.Topics reviewed include hemorrhoids,anal fissures,anorectal fistulas and abscesses,and pruritus ani.