贫困山区乡村旅游扶贫优化模式——基于广东两个村的分析

【目的】旅游扶贫是贫困山区脱贫致富的重要方式之一,对不同地区旅游扶贫的模式进行分析和总结,有助于改进和提升旅游扶贫工作方法与成效。【方法】基于案例分析视角,选择广东省浪美村和下迳村为调查对象,借助田野调查、居民访谈、关键人物深度访谈以及非参与式观察法,围绕政府扶持、村民参与、旅游增收、环境改善4个方面,探讨不同旅游扶贫模式构建的过程、扶贫成效和优化路径。【结果】分析发现浪美村是典型的输血型旅游扶贫发展模式,其优点是政府支持力度大、旅游扶贫起步快,缺点是内生动力不足、村民参与不够;下迳村是典型的造血型旅游扶贫模式,优点是内生动力强、村民广泛参与,缺点是政府支持力度较小、旅游起步相对艰难;根据共生理论,提出发挥输血式与造血式两种旅游扶贫模式的各自优势,提出实施“三步走”的旅游扶贫优化模式,并对各个阶段的地区旅游扶贫提出针对性的发展路径。【结论】造血型旅游扶贫成效远高于输血型,改进后的活血型旅游扶贫模式可以进一步针对性提升旅游扶贫的成效,有助于实现现行标准下的真脱贫。

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans with Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) Antagonist Activity from Kadsura heteroclita

Seven known dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans,tigloylgomisin P(1), angeloylgomisin P(2),gomisin A(3),Schizandrin(4),angeloylgomisin H(5),gomisin B(6) and R(+)-gomisin M_1(7)were isolated from Kadsura heteroclita.The conformation of tiglolylgomisin P(1)was established by 2D NMR techniques.Using[~3H]platelet activating factor(PAF)binding to human platelet membrane assay,(1),(2)and(7)showed PAF receptor antagonistic activities.

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in dyspeptic patients and its relationship with HIV infection,ABO blood groups and life style in a university hospital,Northwest Ethiopia

AIM： To determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori （H pylori） among dyspeptic patients and to assess the relationship between Hpylori infection, blood group, HIV infection and life style of the patients. METHODS： In a hospital-based cross-sectional study, patients attending Outpatient Department of University of Gondar Hospital were enrolled. Socio-demographic information was collected using questionnaires. Serum was analyzed for anti-H pylori IgG antibodies using a commercial kit. HIV serostatus was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. Blood grouping was performed by slide agglutination tests. RESULTS： A total of 215 dyspeptic patients were included in the study. One hundred and sixteen patients （54%） were females and 99 （46%） were males. Anti-H pylori IgG antibodies were detected in sera of 184 （85.6%） patients. The prevalence was significantly higher in patients aged 50 years and above. Twenty point five percent of the patients were found to be seropositive for HIV. No significant association was found between sex, ABO blood groups, consumption of spicy diets, socioeconomic status and seropositivity for Hpylori. However,alcohol consumption was significantly associated with H pylori serology. CONCLUSION： The prevalence of H pylori infection is associated with a history of alcohol intake and older age. The effect of different diet, alcohol and socioeconomic status as risk factors for H pylori infection needs further study.

Silkworm Extract Ameliorates Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Protects Pancreaticβ-cell Functions in Rats

Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of silkworm extract(SE)on experimental type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.Methods SE was prepared by dissolving freeze-dried silkworm powder in 70%(v/v)aqueous ethanol.T2DM rats were induced by feeding them a high fat diet and an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ).The blood glucose,free fatty acid(FFA),malondialdehyde(MDA),tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The quality of SE was controlled by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC;Agilent 1260,Agilent,USA).Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was performed for histological evaluation.Antibody expression was assessed via immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining.Results SE could improve insulin resistance and islet cell function by reducing FFA,MDA and TNF-αlevels and increasing SOD level.In addition,pancreatic HE staining analysis revealed that SE has a protective effect on isletβ-cells.Conclusions The present study indicates that SE has hypoglycemic as well as pancreatic protective effects in T2DM model rats.

活体跨血型肾移植术后对感染防控体系的构建

目的:探讨活体跨血型肾移植术后感染防控护理干预及应用效果。方法:收集本院在2018年1月-2020年4月收治28例活体跨血型肾移植术治疗患者临床资料作为对象。将行综合性感染防控措施的16例患者作为观察组,将未行感染防控干预12例患者作为对照组,回顾分析两组患者术后感染发生情况。结果:术后两组患者感染发生率分别为41.67%(5/12)、6.25%(1/16),均为肺部感染,观察组发生率相比对照组更低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:选用活体跨血型肾移植术给予患者治疗时加强综合性感染防控,可有效降低患者术后感染发生风险,有助于患者术后总体康复效果提高和预后改善。

Eosinophilic esophagitis

Eosinophilic esophagitis is increasingly recognized in adults. The diagnosis is based on the presence of both typical symptoms and pathologic findings on esophageal biopsy. Patients usually present with dysphagia, food impaction and/or reflux-like symptoms, and biopsy of the esophagus shows more than 15 eosinophils per high-power fi eld. In addition, it is essential to exclude the presence of known causes of tissue eosinophilia such as gastroesophageal reflux disease, infections, malignancy, collagen vascular diseases, hypersensitivity, and inflammatory bowel disease. There are no standardized protocols for the therapy of eosinophilic esophagitis. A variety of therapeutic approaches including acid suppression, dietary modifications, topical corticosteroids and endoscopic dilation can be used alone or in combination.

Explore the direct and/or the synergistic antihypertensive effects of wind-dispelling herbs involving Fangfeng and Baizhi on hypertensive rats with liver-yang hyperactivity based on vasoactive substances

Objective： To explore the direct and/or the enhancing antihypertensive effects of wind-dispelling herbs involvingFangfeng （Saposhnikoviae Radix） and Baizhi （Angelicae dahuricae Radix） using liver-yang hyperactivity renalhypertension rat. Methods： Model rats with hyperactivity of liver-yang hyperactivity were prepared using male SD rats.Once successful, the rats were randomly divided into groups and given medicine by gavage for 4 weeks. Blood wascollected from the abdominal aorta to prepare serum. Serum nitric oxide （NO） concentration was determined bychemical colorimetry. The contents of ET, TXB2 and 6-K-PGF1a were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbentassay （ELISA）. Results： Compared with the control model group, the blood pressure, serum ET and TXB2 of rats in thewind dispelling medicine group was not significantly reduced, while those of rats in captopril group, Tianma GoutengDecoction I group （TGD group） decreased significantly （P 〈0.05 for both）. Interestingly, the blood pressure, serum ETand TXB2 of rats in the combination group （wind dispelling medicine ＆ TGD） decreased significantly compared withboth wind dispelling medicine group and TGD group. Meanwhile, the levels of serum NO and 6- K-PGF1a in thecombination group was much higher than those in the wind dispelling medicine group or TGD group （P 〈0.05 for both）.However, the levels of serum NO and 6- K-PGF1a in the wind dispelling medicine group was not significantly increasedcompared with the model group. Conclusion： There is no direct pressure lowering effects of wind dispelling medicinealone, while wind dispelling medicine could potentiates the antihypertensive effects of Tianma Gouteng Decoction I.Besides, the synergistic effects may be related to decreased ET and TXB2 levels and the increased NO and 6- K-PGF1alevels.

Rituximab+IVIG方案预防儿童ABO血型不相容肝移植血型抗体介导排斥反应效果的临床研究

目的探索Rituximab+静脉免疫球蛋白(IVIG)联合方案预防儿童ABO血型不相容活体肝移植(ABO incompatible living donor liver transplantation,ABOi-LDLT)术后血型抗体介导的排斥反应(AMR)的临床效果。方法回顾性收集首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院于2013年6月至2020年12月期间施行的儿童活体肝移植503例次,比较ABOi-LDLT与ABO血型相容活体肝移植(ABOc-LDLT)患儿的总生存和移植物生存情况;总结7例接受Rituximab+IVIG联合方案患儿肝移植后的AMR发生情况。结果共纳入儿童ABOi-LDLT 53例(53例次)和ABOc-LDLT 450例次。ABOi-LDLT组受者肝移植术后的5年累积生存率为98.0%,移植物的5年累积生存率为96.0%,ABOc-LDLT组分别为92.2%和89.1%,2组比较差异均无统计学意义(P=0.232,P=0.381)。7例患儿接受Rituximab+IVIG联合方案,术前预存血型抗体滴度>1∶64。6例患儿术后血型抗体滴度持续稳定,未出现排斥反应;1例患儿出现严重AMR,移植物功能衰竭,行再次ABOc-LDLT挽救治疗后痊愈。结论 Rituximab+IVIG联合方案可以作为预防儿童ABOi-LDLT后AMR的有效治疗选择。

Effects of Bushen Huoxue Yin(补肾活血饮) on brain NF-κB and NO content in the parkinson's disease model mouse

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effects of Bushen Huoxue Yin(补肾活血饮,BSHXY) on nuclear transcription factor kappa B(NF-κB) and nitric oxide(NO) in the brain of the Parkinson's disease(PD) model mouse.METHODS:Forty-five C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups;normal,model and BSHXY treatment groups.Concentrations of NF-κB and NO in mouse brain tissue were determined by ELISA and spectrophotometry,respectively.RESULTS:NF-κB concentration in brain tissue in the model group was 14.04±4.38 μg· L-1,which was higher than that in normal(P<0.01) and BSHXY(P< 0.05) groups.NO content in brain tissue in the model group was 5.93±0.79 μmol · gprot-1,which was also higher than that in model(P<0.01) and BSHXY(P<0.01) groups.However,there were no significant differences in the content of NF-κB and NO between BSHXY and normal groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION:The mechanism of BSHXY for treatment of PD is possibly related to inhibition ofNF-κB activation and decreased NO content in the brain.

Effects of Tongmai Huoxue Yin(通脉活血饮) on Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha in the Acute Cerebral Ischemia Model Rat

Objective:To observe the interfering action of Tongmai Huoxue Yin(通脉活血饮) on the acute cerebral ischemia model rat.Methods:Total 60 SD rats,30 females and 30 males,were randomly divided into 4 groups,sham-operation group,model group,Nimodipine group and Tongmai Huoxue Yin group,15 rats in each group.The acute cerebral ischemia rat model was duplicated,the middle cerebral artery(MCA) were ligated and the thread was inserted for the rats in the model group,Nimodipine group and Tongmai Huoxue Yin group,for the rats in the sham-operation group,the arteries were separated without ligature and the thread was not inserted.After the modeling has succeed,the water-decocted concentrated solution of 20-fold Tongmai Huoxue Yin clinical dosage was intragastrically administrated in a dose of 3 mL /100 g · d divided into twice,1.5 mL /100 g once.Distilled water 3 mL /100 g·d was intragastrically administrated,1.5 mL /100 g once,for the rat in the model group,Nimodipne suspension 3 mL /100 g·d(0.6 mg /100 g) for the Nimodipine group and 3 mL /100 g · d(5.4g /100 g) for the Tongmai Huoxue Yin group,no drugs for the sham-operation group.And changes of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) contents in the serum and brain tissue were investigated.Results:Compared with the model group,compared with the sham-operation group,serum TNF-α content at 5 h of focal cerebral ischemic ischemia in the model group started to increase and reached to the high peak at 12 h,but in both the Tongmai Huoxue Yin group and the Nimodipine group decreased in varying degrees at the same time;compared with the sham-operation group,brain TNF-α content at 6 h of focal cerebral ischemic ischemia in the model group started to increase and reached to the high peak at 12 h,but in both the Tongmai Huoxue Yin group and the Nimodipine group decreased in varying degrees,with the most obviously decreased at 24 h of ischemia.Tongmai Huoxue Yin could significantly decrease TNF-α content in the brain tissue.Conclusion:Tongmai Huoxue Yin has a protective action on acute cerebral ischemia injury in the rat.

Association of VIPR-1 gene polymorphisms and haplotypes with egg production in laying quails

The laying quail is a worldwide breed which exhibits high economic value. In our current study, the vas- oactive intestinal peptide receptor-1 （VIPR-1） was selected as the candidate gene for identifying traits of egg produc- tion. A single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） detection was performed in 443 individual quails, including 196 quails from the H line, 202 quails from the L line, and 45 wild quails. The SNPs were genotyped using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism （PCR-RFLP）. Two mutations （G373T, A313G） were detected in all the tested quail populations. The associated analysis showed that the SNP genotypes of the VIPR-1 gene were sig- nificantly linked with the egg weight of G373T and A313G in 398 quails. The quails with the genotype GG always exhibited the largest egg weight for the two mutations in the H and L lines. Linkage disequilibrium （LD） analysis in- dicated that G373T and A313G loci showed the weakest LD. Seven main diplotypes from the four main reconstructed haplotypes were observed, indicating a significant association of diplotypes with egg weight. Quails with the hlh2 （GGGT） diplotype always exhibited the smallest egg weight and largest egg number at 20 weeks of age. The overall results suggest that the alterations in quails may be linked with potential major loci or genes affecting reproductive traits.

Variations of energy metabolism and adenosine Triphosphatase activity in gastric mucosa in chronic atrophic gastritis rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome and effect of Zhiweifangbian capsule

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of Zhiweifangbian (ZWFB) capsule on lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and ATPase activities in gastric mucosa of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) rats with Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome. METHODS: Totally 90 rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: normal group (n=10) and modelgroup (n=80). The CAG rat model of Qi deficiency and blood stasis type was induced by synthetic methods. After modeling for 12 weeks and the successful CAG model was determined, the CAG model rats were divided by random number table into model group (MG), ZWFB high-dose group (ZWFBH), ZWFB middle-dose group (ZWFBM), ZWFB low-dose group (ZWFBL) and Weimeisu group (WM), 9 rats in each group. The rats in the normal and model groups were intragastrically administrated with distilled water, 10 mL/kg every day; the ZWFB high-dose group with ZWFB, 0.6 g/ kg -1 · d -1 ; the ZWFB middle-dose group with ZWFB, 0.3 g/kg -1 · d -1 ; the ZWFB low-dose group with ZWFB, 0.15 g/kg -1 · d -1 , and the WM group with suspension of WM , 0.25 g/kg -1 · d -1 . The treatment was given for 90 consecutive days. Then general survival states were observed and the activities of LDH, SDH, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase in gastric mucosa tissue were detected. RESULTS: Compared with the normal group, activity of LDH in the gastric mucosa (P<0.05) and activities of SDH, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase significantly decreased in the normal group (P<0.05). Compared with the model group the activity of LDH decreased and activities of SDH, Na + -K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -Mg 2+ -ATPase significantly increased in the high dose ZWFB group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: ZWFB capsule can promote energy metabolism and ATPase activity in the gastric mucosa cell, so as to protect the function of the gastric mucosa cell.