航天器火工冲击模拟试验及响应预示方法研究综述

航天器火工冲击力学环境是由星箭分离、部组件展开等工作过程中的火工品起爆引起的作用于结构上的高频、高加速度量级的瞬态冲击响应,能对航天器上含有晶振、脆性材料等的精密电子设备造成致命损伤,是航天器需要经历的最苛刻的力学环境之一。本文中,对国内外航天器火工冲击地面试验方法和环境预示方法做了全面、详细的介绍,总结了这两个方面的研究进展,分析了我国在这两个方面与航天强国的差距。最后,从我国航天工程实际需求出发,提出了今后航天器火工冲击领域应重点开展的研究方向。

航天器火工冲击环境分析预示方法研究综述

航天器火工冲击力学环境问题是一个宽频、瞬态和强非线性的冲击动力学问题。火工冲击响应的预示涵盖结构动力学、冲击动力学、爆炸力学、高应变率材料力学行为等多学科理论。目前,工程上尚无统一、有效的预示方法。在航天工程中,航天器及其组件冲击环境条件设计以及系统级和单机缓冲设计,都迫切需要能够准确预示航天器的火工冲击响应。文章对国内外航天器火工冲击响应机理进行综合理论分析,并在系统调研分析预示方法的基础上提出了航天器火工冲击响应预示研究的重点和难点。

Numerical Analysis of the Flow Field in a Sloshing Tank with a Horizontal Perforated Plate

Liquid sloshing is a type of free surface flow inside a partially filled water tank.Sloshing exerts a significant effect on the safety of liquid transport systems;in particular,it may cause large hydrodynamic loads when the frequency of the tank motion is close to the natural frequency of the tank.Perforated plates have recently been used to suppress the violent movement of liquids in a sloshing tank at resonant conditions.In this study,a numerical model based on OpenF OAM(Open Source Field Operation and Manipulation),an open source computed fluid dynamic code,is used to investigate resonant sloshing in a swaying tank with a submerged horizontal perforated plate.The numerical results of the free surface elevations are first verified using experimental data,and then the flow characteristics around the perforated plate and the fluid velocity distribution in the entire tank are examined using numerical examples.The results clearly show differences in sloshing motions under first-order and third-order resonant frequencies.This study provides a better understanding of the energy dissipation mechanism of a horizontal perforated plate in a swaying tank.

Ventilation and climate simulation with the Multiflux code

Multiflux, a new thermal, hydrologic, and airflow model and software was being employed to solve the flow of heat, moisture, and air in and around an underground opening. The airway domain was solved with an integrated-parameter Computational Fluid Dynamic （CFD） module, which is an embedded part of the Multiflux code. The CFD model includes convection, conduction, and radiation for heat, as well as convection and diffusion for moist-ure transport in an air-filled opening. The surrounding rockmass model may be from any analytical solution, or from a complex thermal-hydrologic numerical model such as NUFT or TOUGH2. The rockmass model is interfaced to Multiflux using a novel technique called Numerical Transport Code Functionalization （NTCF）. The purpose was to briefly describe the Multiflux model and show four example applications. The first example reports the results of Multiflux simulations for a mine drift, comparing calculations with CLIMSIM, a well known mine climate software, and with measured data. The second and third examples involve development ends in two coal mines. Another development-end ventilation model in Multiflux is also shown as the 4th example compared with field measurements from the Lucky Friday Mine in Idaho, USA for comparison.The results of the study show very good agreement between the Multiflux model and the available measured field results.

A segment version transcoding for client-centric wireless mobile media streaming

An object segment similarity function is taken into account from the continuous media frames to measure the individual streaming profit of certain segment versions of a media object.Therefore,a new segment version-based transcoding(SVT)mechanism is derived for a quality of service(QoS)of client-centric media streaming in wireless mobile networks.The derived function utilizes the fuzzy similarity of certain segment versions of an object.This mechanism provides the effectiveness of reduction of the stream startup latency among segment versions,and the average access of each version.Thus,the proposed segment version transcoding mechanism reduces packet loss which in turn increases streaming performance and throughput.The performance of the partitioned segment versions is simulated and some segment versions are completed.The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism outperforms the other mechanisms in average cache hit ratio and in average startup latency ratio.

Fluid Flow Optimization on Semiautomatic Code Marker Base

This paper describes optimization process of nozzle cup based on a device for contactless code marking to rough and contaminated surfaces--semiautomatic code marker. During tests using the CFD （computational fluid dynamics） software different geometry of nozzle cups were compared by such parameters as pressure, velocity and direction of flow. Goal of digital experiments was to find sprayer nozzle geometry that can keep stream of paint in diameter of 10 mm on 10-20 mm distance. Main problem is to avoid low-pressure regions around the stream. The optimal geometry of nozzle cup is designed to get adjusted code dimensions on given distance

滩地植被对河道水流影响

该文结合实例河道运用环境流体力学代码(EFDC)模型研究滩地植被对河道水流的影响。模型通过建立植被阻力的经验公式,求解准三维水动力学方程,得到河道水流的水动力特征。通过模拟6组不同密度和高度的植被,并对流速和水位进行对比分析,结果表明:有植被存在时滩地水流显著减小。当植被密度600株/m2、高度为20cm时,滩地流速约为0.2m/s,此时河道水位相比无植被抬高0.2m左右;当植被高于1.0m时河道水位增加0.45m左右。研究结果对河道防洪和生态修复管理等有借鉴作用。

Numerical Simulation of 2-D Radiation-Drive Ignition Implosion Process

A Lagrangian compatible radiation hydrodynamic algorithm and the nuclear dynamics computing module are developed and implemented in the LARED Integration code, which is a radiation hydrodynamic code based on the 2-D cylindrical coordinates for the numerical simulation of the indirect-drive Inertial Confined Fusion. A number of 1-D and 2-D ignition implosion numerical simulations by using the improved LARED Integration code (ILARED) are presented which show that the 1-D numerical results are consistent with those computed by the 1-D radiation hydrodynamic code RDMG, while the simulation results of the 2-D low-mode radiative asymmetry and hydrodynamic instability growth,according to the physical analysis and anticipation, are satisfactory. The capsules driven by the sources from SGII experiments are also simulated by ILARED, and the fuel shapes agree well with the experimental results. The numerical simulations demonstrate that ILARED can be used in the simulation of the 1-D and 2-D ignition capsule implosion using the multi-group diffusion model for radiation.

An approach to explore the eddy currents of the new type divertor for EAST device using ANSYS code

An effective method for eddy current calculation has been developed for EAST’s new divertor by using ANSYS.A 3D model of a double null divertor for the EAST device was built to evaluate eddy currents and electromagnetic(EM)forces on these components.The main input to the model is the plasma current and poloidal field coil currents,which are loaded into the model using experimental data measured from the EAST discharges.These currents generate magnetic fields that match those producing an EAST discharge,and the time variation of these fields produces the eddy currents in the divertors,along with from the resulting EM forces.In addition,the first 10 time steps were discussed for the eddy current generation and changing trend.It indicates that a static analysis before a transient mode start can solve the eddy current origination in the initial time steps.With this method,the EM transient response of EAST’s new divertor can be predicted based on ANSYS simulations.Furthermore,the method is also an effective approach to estimate the EM results for the in-vessel components of a fusion reactor during a disruption.

Exploring the intention of Using Aspirated Cascade to Replace Tandem Cascades

In the present paper,computational fluid dynamics(CFD) simulations were executed to exploring the intent of using aspirated cascade to replace tandem cascades.Firstly,the ONERA tandem cascades were investigated,and the performance of the cascades at the design point were listed,such as diffusion factor,total pressure loss coefficient,deviation angle etc.For replacing the ONERA tandem cascades,a new cascade was designed with the codes BLADEGEN developed by the authors.The quasi 3-D calculations were carried out using the collection of programs for cascade analysis and design,MISES.The cascade was analyzed and designed by using this code.And the cascade was simulated and analyzed by commercial CFD software.It is found there is an obvious separation on the suction side.Based on the 3D CFD simulation results of the cascade without aspiration,an aspirated cascade was designed by introducing a slot on the suction side.The performance of the aspirated cascade was investigated and compared with the tandem cascades,indicated that under the same inlet condition,the total pressure loss of the single row aspirated cascade was less than that of the tandem cascades,and the outlet static pressure is higher than that of the tandem cascades.Meanwhile,the different suction slot location,suction width and suction mass flow are studied for the aspirated cascade.