流体物料包装机出液口下流体形状分析

为了解决流体物料包装过程中的不稳定滴下问题 ,本文分析了圆管出液口下流体与空气界面的曲率半径、出液口下流体的平衡及静平衡竖直短管出液口下流体的形状。分析表明 ,静平衡竖直短管出液口下流体的形状近似椭球形 ,并给出了该椭球面的平面曲线方程。此结论较下流体形状为半球形的结论更切实际 。

水平集与灵敏度分析相结合的流体形状识别与优化方法

针对流体拓扑优化很难得到较为精确结果的问题,将水平集方法与灵敏度分析方法相结合,发展了一种可用于流动形状识别的改进水平集优化方法。为实现水平集法向速度由界面到整个水平集函数求解区域的准确扩展,首先借助快速行进法,将法向速度由流体区向固体区扩展,然后经求解偏微分方程向整个设计区域扩展。通过求解二元二次方程组提取界面,采用无需样条参数化网格重构方法实现了流体区域内网格的重新划分,从而有效提高了物理场控制方程的求解精度。对Navier-Stokes和Stokes流动形状识别问题的研究表明:所发展的方法可以直接、较准确地求出边界上的法向速度,且将界面附近的法向速度准确地沿界面的法线方向扩展到整个水平集函数求解区域;最终,通过有效处理拓扑和形状优化过程中的拓扑变化识别出目标形状。

仿生曲线孔电火花机器人的研究

仿生曲线孔电火花机器人模仿尺蠖运动方式,使用SMA(形状记忆合金)弹簧产生驱动力,实现丈量式的移动。利用流体反冲力,使该机器人能够在加工过程中实现灵活转动,从而加工出设计好的曲线孔。分析了机器人转弯原理,介绍了其驱动方式,结果表明,此种设计使加工液与被加工工件充分接触,及时冲走加工废渣,降低短路与拉弧的概率,提升了加工速度。

Blade Shape Optimization of Liquid Turbine Flow Sensor

Based on the characteristic curve analysis, the method using D(K^2) square difference of meter factor at different flow rates was developed to evaluate the performance of turbine flow sensor in this study. Then according to the distribution of entrance velocity, it was supposed that reducing the blade area near the tip could decrease the linearity error of a sensor. Therefore, the influence of different blade shape parameters on the performance of the sensor was investigated by combining computational fluid dynamics(CFD)simulation with experimental test. The experimental results showed that, for the liquid turbine flow sensor with a diameter of 10 mm, the linearity error was smallest, and the performance of sensor was optimal when blade shape parameter equaled 0.25.

Influence of bluff body shape on wall pressure distribution in vortex flowmeter

To investigate the influence of bluff body shape on wall pressure distribution in a vortex flowmeter,experiments were conducted on a specially designed test section in a closed water rig at Reynolds numbers of 6.2×10 4-9.3×10 4.The cross sections of the bluff bodies were semicircular,square,and triangular shaped,and there were totally 21 pressure tappings along the conduit to acquire the wall pressures.It is found that the variation trends of wall pressures are basically identical regardless of the bluff body shapes.The wall pressures begin to diverge from 0.3D(D is the inner diameter of the vortex flowmeter) in front of the bluff body due to the diversity in shape,and all reach the minimum values at 0.3D behind the bluff body.A discrepancy between the triangular or square cylinder and the semicircular cylinder in wall pressure change is observed at 0-0.1D behind the bluff body.It is also found that the wall pressures and irrecoverable pressure loss coefficients increase with flow rates,and the triangular cylinder causes the smallest irrecoverable pressure loss at a fixed flow rate.

A New Arrangement with Nonlinear Sidewalls for Tanker Ship Storage Panels

Sloshing phenomenon in a moving container is a complicated free surface flow problem. It has a wide range of engineering applications, especially in tanker ships and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) carriers. When the tank in these vehicles is partially filled, it is essential to be able to evaluate the fluid dynamic loads on tank perimeter. Different geometric shapes such as rectangular, cylindrical, elliptical, spherical and circular conical have been suggested for ship storage tanks by previous researchers. In this paper a numerical model is developed based on incompressible and inviscid fluid motion for the liquid sloshing phenomenon. The coupled BEM-FEM is used to solve the governing equations and nonlinear free surface boundary conditions. The results are validated for rectangular container using data obtained for a horizontal periodic sway motion. Using the results of this model a new arrangement of trapezoidal shapes with quadratic sidewalls is suggested for tanker ship storage panels. The suggested geometric shape not only has a maximum surrounded tank volume to the constant available volume, but also reduces the sloshing effects more efficiently than the existing geometric shapes.

Effects of the Blade Shape on the Trailing Vortices in Liquid Flow Generated by Disc Turbines

Particle image velocimetry technique was used to analyze the trailing vortices and elucidate their rela-tionship with turbulence properties in a stirred tank of 0.48 m diameter,agitated by four different disc turbines,in-cluding Rushton turbine,concaved blade disk turbine,half elliptical blade disk turbine,and parabolic blade disk turbine.Phase-averaged and phase-resolved flow fields near the impeller blades were measured and the structure of trailing vortices was studied in detail.The location,size and strength of vortices were determined by the simplified λ2-criterion and the results showed that the blade shape had great effect on the trailing vortex characteristics.The larger curvature resulted in longer residence time of the vortex at the impeller tip,bigger distance between the upper and lower vortices and longer vortex life,also leads to smaller and stronger vortices.In addition,the turbulent ki-netic energy and turbulent energy dissipation in the discharge flow were determined and discussed.High turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent energy dissipation regions were located between the upper and lower vortices and moved along with them.Although restricted to single phase flow,the presented results are essential for reliable de-sign and scale-up of stirred tank with disc turbines.

Fluid Flow Optimization on Semiautomatic Code Marker Base

This paper describes optimization process of nozzle cup based on a device for contactless code marking to rough and contaminated surfaces--semiautomatic code marker. During tests using the CFD （computational fluid dynamics） software different geometry of nozzle cups were compared by such parameters as pressure, velocity and direction of flow. Goal of digital experiments was to find sprayer nozzle geometry that can keep stream of paint in diameter of 10 mm on 10-20 mm distance. Main problem is to avoid low-pressure regions around the stream. The optimal geometry of nozzle cup is designed to get adjusted code dimensions on given distance

Shape Optimization of the Turbomachine Channel by a Gradient Method - Accuracy Improvement

An algorithm of the gradient method of the channel shape optimization has been built on the basis of 3D equations of mass, momentum and energy conservation in the fluid flow. The gradient of the functional that is posed for minimization has been calculated by two methods, via sensitivities and - for comparison - by the finite difference approximation. The equations for sensitivities have been generated through a differentiate-then-discretize approach. The exemplary optimization of the blade shape of the centrifugal compressor wheel has been carried out for the inviscid gas flow governed by Euler equations with a non-uniform mass flow distribution as the inlet boundary condition. Mixing losses have been minimized downstream the outlet of the centrifugal wheel in this exemplary optimization. The results of the optimization problem accomplished by the two above-mentioned methods have been presented. In the case sparse grids have been used, the method with the gradient approximated by finite differences has been found to be more consistent. The discretization accuracy has turned out to be crucial for the consistency of the gradient method via sensitivities.

Effects of Working Fluid,Tubeside Enhancement and Bundle Depth on the Optimized Fin Geometry of a Horizontal Condenser Tube

A theoretical study has been made to optimize the fin geometry of a horizontal finned tube which is to be used for condensers that handle the vapor load of a liquid phase change cooling module.Systematic numerical calcu- lations of the vapor to coolant heat transfer have been performed for parametric values of fin height,fin spacing, vertical bundle depth and tubeside heat transfer coefficient.Three dielectric fluids (R-113,FC-72,and FC-87) at atmospheric pressure were selected as the working fluids.For a single tube with optimized fin geometry,the average heat flux increased in the order of FC-87,R-113 and FC-72.Both the optimum fin height and optimum fin spacing increased with increasing vertical bundle depth.

On the some issues of particle motion in the flow of viscoelastic fluids

Particle motion in confined shear flow of viscoelastic fluids is very common in nature and has a wide range of applications.Understanding and mastering the motion characteristics of particles in viscoelastic fluids has important academic value and practical significance.In this paper,we first introduce the related equations and characteristic parameter,and then emphasize the following issues:the lateral equilibrium position of particle;interaction and aggregation of multiple particles;the chain structure formed by multiple particles;and the motion of non-spherical particle.Finally,some unresolved issues,challenges,and future research directions are highlighted.