一种用于电还原CO_(2)生成甲酸的高性能连续流动式MEA反应器

电化学二氧化碳还原反应(CO_(2)RR)是一种利用间歇性可再生电力缓解环境问题,并且生产液体燃料和工业化学品的有前途的方法。然而,传统的H型反应器由于在电解液中较低的CO_(2)溶解度以及两电极之间较大的极距而导致高欧姆电阻,严重限制了CO_(2)RR的电化学性能,不利于CO_(2)RR在工业应用的发展。在本文中,我们设计了一种基于0.5 mol·L^(-1)KHCO_(2)的自生长Cu/Sn双金属电催化剂的高性能连续流膜电极组件(MEA)反应器,用于将CO_(2)转化为甲酸。与H型反应器相比,流动式MEA反应器不仅显示出优异的电流密度(-1.11 V_(RHE)时电流密度为66.41 mA·cm^(-2)),而且还保持了较高的甲酸法拉第效率(89.56%),并且能够稳定工作至少20 h。本文还设计了一套新型CO_(2)RR系统,可以有效地分离气态/液态产物。出乎意料的是,在-0.91 V_(RHE)且电池电压为3.17 V时,甲酸的生产率为163μmol·h^(-1)·cm^(-2)。本文为克服电化学CO_(2)RR的传质限制以及分离液体和气体产物提供了一条新途径。

Reactor Network Synthesis Based on Instantaneous Objective Function Characteristic Curves

It is believed that whether the instantaneous objective function curves of plug-flow-reactor (PFR) and continuous-stirred-tank-reactor (CSTR) overlap or not, they have a consistent changing trend for complex reactions (steady state, isothermal and constant volume). As a result of the relation of the objective functions (selectivity or yield) to the instantaneous objective functions (instantaneous selectivity or instantaneous reaction rate), the optimal reactor network configuration can be determined according to the changing trend of the instantaneous objective function curves. Further, a recent partition strategy for the reactor network synthesis based on the instantaneous objective function characteristic curves is proposed by extending the attainable region partition strategy from the concentration space to the instantaneous objective function-unreacted fraction of key reactant space. In this paper, the instantaneous objective function is closed to be the instantaneous selectivity and several samples are examined to illustrate the proposed method. The comparison with the previous work indicates it is a very convenient and practical systematic tool of the reactor network synthesis and seems also promising for overcoming the dimension limit of the attainable region partition strategy in the concentration space.

Study on flow mode of combined converter for methanol synthesis from coal-based syngas

The mathematic model of combined converter with two different flow modes of gas-cooled reactor was established. The effects of gas flow mode in gas-cooled reactor on combined converter was investigated with the yield of methanol was 1 400 kt/a. The results show that if the flow mode of the cooling pipe gas and the catalytic bed gas change from countercurrent to concurrent, the catalytic bed temperature distribution does not fit the most optimum temperature curve of reversible exothermic reaction and the heat duty of heat changer in whole process increased seriously, which means that there is much more equipment investment and more operating cost. The gas flow mode of gas-cooled reactor affects the methanol yield slightly. There- fore, the countercurrent gas flow mode of gas-cooled reactor is more lucrative in the combined converter process.

Effects of Different Draft Baffles on the Hydrodynamics in Internal-Loop Airlift Reactors

In this paper, a 2-D airlift reactor was developed. The streamline and hydrodynamic parameters were measured in a 2-D airlift loop reactor(ALR)with different draft baffles. Three regimes were observed under different conditions. Particle image velocimetry(PIV)measurement showed that the liquid velocity distribution in horizontal direction presented different profiles in the three regimes. The length, the height and the spacing of draft baffles were applied in the experiments to optimize the ALR structure. It was found that the draft tube structure is of great importance in determining the hydrodynamics of ALRs. Additionally, the experimental results may serve as a step to the further optimization and design of ALR.

碳纳米管修饰气体扩散电极高效电化学还原CO_(2)

电化学还原CO_(2)可利用可再生能源实现CO_(2)转化,是实现碳中和目标的重要支撑,但目前其反应器存在法拉第效率较低和槽电压较高等问题,严重制约其发展。本文用碳纳米管修饰催化层从而构建了新型气体扩散电极,研究发现添加碳纳米管后电极在200 mA·cm^(-2)的电流密度下CO法拉第效率最高可达93%,槽电压仅为-2.42 V,相较未添加碳纳米管的电极法拉第效率提高了13.7%,槽电压降低了240 m V,传荷阻力减小了29.4%。其主要原因是碳纳米管交错所形成的疏水三维骨架网络不仅有利于催化剂颗粒的分散,还有利于催化层孔隙率的提升和CO_(2)传输的增强。