基于组合代理模型的变海拔工况车辆动力总成流动性能优化

随着海拔高度的增加,特种车辆的动力总成的流动性能会受到极大的影响。但是,受限于地域的影响,特种车辆动力总成流动性能的研究基本针对的是3000 m以下的海拔工况,更高海拔环境的相关研究较少。因此,对更高海拔的特种车辆动力总成的流动性能进行研究十分重要。首先,建立流动结构的参数化仿真模型,揭示从海拔0 m(平原工况)到4500 m(高原工况)特种车辆的动力总成流动特性变化规律。然后,为了提升特种车辆的变海拔适应性,基于组合代理模型对动力总成流动结构进行优化。结果表明,优化后的叶片扭曲度更大,且向着与旋转方向相反的方向偏移。优化后的叶轮使得上游总压分布更加均匀,叶片附近的低速区明显减少,叶片尾缘处的高总压和高马赫数的范围变大。在高原工况,特种车辆动力总成的流量增加7.7%,功率下降2.2%。在平原工况下,流量基本保持不变,功率下降12.03%。研究结果为高海拔车辆动力总成流动性能分析与优化设计提供借鉴与参考。

Effects of Shape and Quantity of Helical Baffle on the Shell-side Heat Transfer and Flow Performance of Heat Exchangers

Shape and quantity of helical baffles have great impact on the shell-side performance of helical baffled heat exchangers （HBHE）. In this work, three physical models of HBHE with baffles of different shape （trisection, quadrant and sextant sector） were investigated. Numerical simulations were performed on HBHE at three helix an- gles （10°, 25° and 40°） by the software ANSYS CFX. Analyses of numerical results indicate that the sextant HBHE shows relatively better fluid flow performance because the leakage flow in the triangle area is evidently reduced and the fluid streamline appears much closer to an ideal spiral flow, while the trisection and quadrant HBHE show more scattered and disordered streamline distributions. The convective heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop in three types of HBHE were presented. Further investigations on the shell side performance with different helical baf- fles were implemented by the field synergy theory. Both theoretical and numerical analyses gave support on the re- lations between helical baffle shape and shell-side performance. This paper may provide useful reference for the selection of baffle shade and auantitv in HBHE.

Electrochemical Properties of Electrodes with Different Shapes and Diffusion Kinetic Analysis of Microbial Fuel Cells on Ocean Floor

Microbial fuel cell(MFC) on the ocean floor is a kind of novel energy-harvesting device that can be developed to drive small instruments to work continuously.The shape of electrode has a great effect on the performance of the MFC.In this paper,several shapes of electrode and cell structure were designed,and their performance in MFC were compared in pairs:Mesh(cell-1) vs.flat plate(cell-2),branch(cell-3) vs.cylinder(cell-4),and forest(cell-5) vs.disk(cell-6) FC.Our results showed that the maximum power densities were 16.50,14.20,19.30,15.00,14.64,and 9.95 mWm-2 for cell-1,2,3,4,5 and 6 respectively.And the corre-sponding diffusion-limited currents were 7.16,2.80,18.86,10.50,18.00,and 6.900 mA.The mesh and branch anodes showed higher power densities and much higher diffusion-limited currents than the flat plate and the cylinder anodes respectively due to the low diffusion hindrance with the former anodes.The forest cathode improved by 47% of the power density and by 161% of diffusion-limited current than the disk cathode due to the former's extended solid/liquid/gas three-phase boundary.These results indicated that the shape of electrode is a major parameter that determining the diffusion-limited current of an MFC,and the differences in the elec-trode shape lead to the differences in cell performance.These results would be useful for MFC structure design in practical applica-tions.

Effect of Ultraviolet Aging on Asphalt Rheological Properties

This paper simulated the ultraviolet aging process of asphalt and used dynamic mechanic analysis （DMA） method to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging on the asphalt theological properties. After having experienced ultravio- let aging, the low temperature performance of asphalt binder decreased significantly, with its complex modulus increased and phase angle decreased along with changing rheological properties as compared to the performance of original asphalt binder. The ultraviolet aging process would make asphalt binder more sensitive to brittle and fatigue failure. On the basis of the time-temperature superposition principle （TTSP）, the viscoelastic transition frequency （coT） is proposed to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging. It is found that with the increase in ultraviolet aging time, the cox moves to the lower frequency range gradually. Since the viscoelastic transition frequency is sensitive to the effect of aging, it can be used as an indicator of ultraviolet aging.

Steady-State Performance Analysis of Brushless DC Propulsion Motor

The brushless DC motor can be used in the marine electric propulsion system for its excellent control characteristics and large thrust. In order to estimate the operating performances of the brushless DC motor for the high-power shipping during the design stage, the steady-state analysis is as important as the dynamic analysis generally. A mathematical model of the brushless DC propulsion motor is established according to the state-space method for the dynamic and steady-state performance analysis. The state-space mathematical model is a set of linear differential equations, so the steady-state currents of the armature windings can be gained directly by the symmetrical boundary conditions and the eigenvalues of the system matrix. The steady-state simulation results are compared with the dynamic ones to validate the correctness of this eigenvector method.

Numerical Investigation of Influence of Tip Leakage Flow on Secondary Flow in Transonic Centrifugal Compressor at Design Condition

In a centrifugal compressor, the leakage flow through the tip clearance generates the tip leakage vortex by the in- teraction with the main flow, and consequently makes the flow in the impeller passage more complex by the inte- raction with the passage vortex. In addition, the tip leakage vortex interacts with the shock wave on the suction surface near the blade tip in the transonic centrifugal compressor impeller. Therefore, the detailed examination for the influence of the tip leakage vortex becomes seriously important to improve the aerodynamic performance cs- pccia｜ly for the transonic centrifugal compressor. In this study, the flows in the transonic centrifugal compressor with and without the tip clearance at the design condition were analyzed numerically by using the commercial CFD code. The computed results revealed that the tip leakage vortex induced by the high loading at the blade tip around the leading edge affected the loss generation by the reduction or the suppression of the shock wave on the suction surface of the blade.

CFD Study on Local Fluid-to-Wall Heat Transfer in Packed Beds and Field Synergy Analysis

To reach the target of smaller pressure drop and better heat transfer performance, packed beds with small tube-to-particle diameter ratio(D/dp<10) have now been considered in many areas. Fluid-to-wall heat transfer coefficient is an important factor determining the performance of this type of beds. In this work, local fluid-to-wall heat transfer characteristic in packed beds was studied by Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD) at different Reynolds number for D/dp=1.5, 3.0 and 5.6. The results show that the fluid-to-wall heat transfer coefficient is oscillating along the bed with small tube-to-particle diameter ratio. Moreover, this phenomenon was explained by field synergy principle in detail. Two arrangement structures of particles in packed beds were recommended based on the synergy characteristic between flow and temperature fields. This study provides a new local understanding of fluid-to-wall heat transfer in packed beds with small tube-to-particle diameter ratio.

Performance Analyses for a Cyclone Type Filter

Flow characteristics inside a cyclone filter were investigated by the use of computational fluid dynamics(CFD). For computations, SST model was adopted. Parametric study was carried out considering the filtering performance. Revolution speeds were changed from 100 to 550 with 50 increments. A skirt is the driving source for cyclone operation. The influence of several design factors, such as the skirt length, the skirt gap and the return length to filtering performance was investigated under the particle diameter 100μm of debris material(Al, s.g.=2.7). The filtering performance was also investigated with the skirt length 28 mm changing the debris diameters from 1μm to 50μm. The flow rate of the working fluid was maintained at 0.55kg/s. It has been verified that the most influential factors to the filtering efficiencies was the skirt gap between the cyclone generator and the cyclone vessel.