利用财务比率评估财务报表的流动性、偿债能力和盈利能力

面对经济形势的日趋复杂和企业内外部环境的多元化,企业财务状况的监控与管理显得尤为重要。当前研究即聚焦利用财务比率对企业的流动性、偿债能力和盈利能力进行评估。我们选取了一系列关键的财务比率,包括流动比率、速动比率、负债率和营业收入净利率等进行实证分析。研究发现,流动比率和速动比率可以有效评估企业的流动性状态,反映企业偿付短期债务的能力;负债率与企业偿债能力的评估联系密切,能够反应企业长期偿债能力的强弱;营业收入净利率则可以衡量企业的盈利能力,是判断企业经营效益的重要指标。通过这些财务比率的分析,能让企业、投资者及社会公众对企业的财务状况一目了然。本研究的结论有助于提高企业财务报表分析的科学性和准确性,对于优化企业财务管理,提高企业偿债能力和盈利水平具有重要意义。

财务公司流动性管理框架构建初探

在借鉴商业银行风险管理实践的基础上,本文将财务公司流动性管理工作框架概括为流动性监测、流动性评估和流动性压力测试三个阶段,并做到"按月监测、按季评估和按年测试"。其中,流动性监测的目的是了解财务公司当前实际的流动性状况;流动性评估的目的是了解财务公司流动性状况的未来发展趋势;流动性压力测试则是为了应对未来可能出现的流动性风险。

中国非上市公司企业价值非流动性折价研究

对我国目前在企业价值评估实践中对非上市公司非流动性折价问题的处理进行分析,在此基础上总结在非上市公司非流动性折价分析上存在的问题,提出根据因素调整法对于非上市公司企业价值评估中非流动性折价分析和估算的思路,给出一个简化的评估案例对思路的应用予以阐释和说明。

基于因子分析法的商业银行流动性分析——以兴业银行为例

商业银行的流动性风险是与生俱来的,流动性风险控制不当会给银行带来经济上和信誉上的巨大损失,更为严重甚至会导致商业银行的破产,金融系统的"多米诺骨牌"效应使其具有极大的社会危害性。本文以兴业银行为例,在其2006—2013年年报数据中选取资本充足率、流动性比率、存款比率、存款结构指标、存贷款比率等共计9个商业银行流动性分析按基础评价指标,利用因子分析法对数据降维得到其中主要影响因素,从而构建商业银行流动性风险评价模型。根据实证结果,对兴业银行近年的流动性风险作出评价,并针对其面临的具体经营压力提出对策建议。

Osmotic concentration of succinic acid by forward osmosis:Influence of feed solution pH and evaluation of seawater as draw solution

In this study, we investigated the essential role of feed solution pH so as to gain insights into the transport mechanisms of succinic acid concentration by osmotically-driven forward osmosis （FO） process. FO performances including water flux and bidirectional transport of succinate and chloride anions were systematically examined using cellulose triacetate-based FO membrane. Additionally, real seawater was explored as draw solution. Experimental results revealed that the pH-dependent speciation of succinic acid can affect the FO performances. Ionization of succinic acid at higher solution pH enhanced the osmotic pressure of feed solution, thus leading to lower water flux performance. A strong effect was pointed out on the succinate rejection for which nearly 100% rejections were achieved at pH above its pKa2 value. The rejection of succinate increased in the following order of chemical form： C2H4C2O4H2 〈 C2H4C2OH- 〈 C2H4C2O24-. With real seawater as the draw solution, low to moderate water fluxes （〈4 L. m- 2. h- 1 ） were observed. The divalent succinate anion was highly retained in the feed side despite differences in the succinic acid feed concentration at pH of approximately 6.90.

EVALUATION OF CORRECTIONS ON TURBULENT FLUXES OBTAINED BY EDDY COVARIANCE METHOD IN HIGH WINDS

This paper investigates processing of fast-response data and corrections of turbulent fluxes obtained by using eddy covariance method based on data collected at an offshore observation tower during three Cold-intrusion(CI)events in the South China Sea in 2010. This study presents the data processing procedure in detail and compares frictional velocities(u*), sensible heat fluxes(H) and latent heat fluxes(LE) yielded by using different averaging periods and different coordinate rotation methods; evaluates the sonic temperature correction for sensible heat flux and the Webb correction for latent heat flux as a function of 10 m wind speed(u10) during the CIs. The results show(1) that the different averaging periods of 30 min and 10 min cause biases of u*(H, LE) within 5%(15%, 62%). The values of u*(H,LE) averaged from 30 mins are mostly larger than those averaged from 10 mins. We suggest that the averaging period of 10 min is not sufficiently long to capture all scale eddies and recommend 30 min averaging period in calculating turbulent fluxes using eddy covariance method during CIs;(2) that the values of u*(H, LE) obtained from double rotation(DR2) and those obtained from planar fit rotation(PF) have good agreements and correlation coefficients between them are larger than 0.99. Because PF method requires unchanged environment and it is easier to apply DR2 method, we suggest DR2 coordinate rotation method in processing fast-response data; and(3) that the median values of frictional velocity(sensible heat flux and latent heat flux) binned according to 2 m s^(-1) intervals of u_(10) increase(decrease,increase) by less than 9%(4%, 10%) by Coriolis corrections(sonic temperature corrections, Webb corrections), which decreases(decreases, increases) with increasing u10 when u10 are 5-17 m s^(-1).

Dynamic characteristics and hazard assessment of debris flow in Shangyao valley

Shangyao valley is located in Jin'an village of Songpan in Sichuan. Many material sources are accumulated in valleys. The debris flow will be triggered by a rain storm with short-duration and strong intensity, which may threaten people's lives and property in downstream. Based on the investigation,the formation conditions of debris flow and its dynamic characteristics are analyzed and its hazard assessment is investigated. Research shows that there is the potential cause of debris flow in Shangyao valley,which is of the middle risk class.

Performance Modelling of Patient Flow Scheduling Through a Formal Method

Smart environment is being used in many areas to deliver more services to individuals in a physical space, such as a hospital. In the UK, the National Health Service(NHS) provides free and high quality healthcare service for all residents. Smart hospital environment is able to support NHS and provide more convenience. Patient flow scheduling is a crucial section in a smart hospital environment. Smart hospital environment aims to provide a smart environment in the hospital to facilitate individual experience and improve the quality of healthcare service.First of all, this paper investigates a real world patient flow scenario of a hospital in the UK and models a general scheduling scheme based on the scenario using a compositional formal approach, i.e. performance evaluation process algebra(PEPA). This scheduling scheme uses an easy-implemented solution(the grouping scheme) to reduce the waiting queue in the hospital. Secondly, fluid flow analysis is used for the performance analysis by generating a set of ordinary differential equations(ODEs) in terms of the PEPA model.