寺河矿区压裂煤储层中裂缝与流动通道模型

为阐明流体在压裂煤储层中的流动路径,确立流体的流动通道几何模型,对寺河矿区多口压裂煤层气井进行了跟踪开挖解剖研究,认为压裂煤储层中不同成因裂隙因各自空间尺度、密度、分布特征以及与煤基质的接触面积差异,对流体流动的影响各不相同,裂隙的组合方式控制了压降的传递.研究结果表明:在绝大多数水平铺砂压裂裂缝的最前端,存在一段压开未铺砂的压裂裂缝;在单一煤岩分层中,发育线密度8～11条/5cm的内生裂隙局部密集发育带,线密度3～5条/5cm的气胀节理局部密集发育带,不同煤岩分层内的内生裂隙常被外生裂隙或者气胀节理串联;与压裂裂缝连接的天然裂隙存在明显的压裂液挤压、扩张痕迹.根据裂缝空间分布与组合关系,发现存在由内生裂隙、气胀节理、外生裂隙、压裂裂缝组成的2种基本通道类型.煤基质块中的流体通过内生裂隙密集发育带进入流动通道,气胀节理密集发育带和外生裂隙以及压裂裂缝是流体流动的通道;煤基质块对通道的流体补给速率与通道自身的导流能力,决定了通道内的压降传递效率.

Influence of Internal Channel Geometry of Gas Turbine Blade on Flow Structure and Heat Transfer

This paper presents the study of the influence of channel geometry on the flow structure and heat transfer, and also their correlations on all the walls of a radial cooling passage model of a gas turbine blade. The investigations focus on the heat transfer and aerodynamic measurements in the channel, which is an accurate representation of the configuration used in aeroengines. Correlations foi： the heat transfer coefficient and the pressure drop used in the design of internal cooling passages are often developed from simplified models. It is important to note that real engine passages do not have perfect rectangular cross sections, but include a comer fillets, ribs with fillet radii and a special orientation. Therefore, this work provides detailed fluid flow and heat transfer data for a model of radial cooling geometry which has very realistic features.

Dynamic Characteristics of Hydrocarbon Fuel within the Channel at Supercrit- ical and Pyrolysis Condition

Regenerative cooling with fuel as the coolant is used in the scramjet engine. In order to grasp the dynamic cha- racteristics of engine fuel supply processes, this article studies the dynamic characteristics of hydrocarbon fuel within the channel. A one-dimensional dynamic model was proved, the thermal energy storage effect, fuel volume effect and chemical dynamic effect have been considered in the model, the ordinary differential equations were solved using a 4th order Rungc-Kutta method. The precision of the model was validated by three groups of expe- rimental data. The effects of input signal, working condition, tube size on the dynamic characteristics of pressure, flow rate, temperature have been simulated. It is found that cracking reaction increased the compressibility of the fuel pyrolysis mixture and lead to longer responding time of outlet flow. The responding time of outlet flow can reach 3s when tube is 5m long which will greatly influence the control performance of the engine thrust system. Meanwhile, when the inlet flow rate appears the step change, the inlet pressure leads to overshoot, the overshoot can reach as much as 100%, such highly transient impulse will result in detrimental effect on fucl pump.

Unsteady flow structures in the tip region for a centrifugal compressor impeller before rotating stall

To get an insight into the occurrence and the mechanism of flow unsteadiness in the tip region of centrifugal compressor impellers, the flow in Krain’s impeller is investigated by using both steady and unsteady RANS solver techniques. It is found that the flow unsteadiness on the pressure side is much stronger than that on the suction side. The periodical frequency of the unsteady flow is around half of the blade passing frequency. The originating mechanism of the flow unsteadiness is illustrated with the time-dependent tip leakage flow and blade loading at the tip region. Due to the blockage caused by the joint effects of broken-downed tip leakage vortex, separated fluids and tip leakage flow at downstream, a low pressure region is formed on the pressure side, consequently the blade loadings is altered. In turn, the changed blade loadings will alter the intensity of tip leakage flow. Such alternative behavior finally results in the periodic process. By comparing the calculated flow field in the cases of single-passage and four-passage models, it is confirmed that the investigated flow unsteadiness is confined in each single passage, as no phase differences are found in the model of four passages. This is different from the situation in axial compressor when the rotating instability is encountered. The flow unsteadiness only occurs at the working conditions with small mass flow rates, and the oscillation intensity will be enhanced with the decrease of mass flow rate. When the mass flow rate is too small, the flow unsteadiness in a single passage may trigger rotating stall, as the disturbance propagates in the circumferential direction.

Bubble breakup in a microfluidic T-junction

We conduct a computational fluid dynamics simulation to investigate the behaviors of bubble breakup in a microfluidic T-junction using volume-of-fluid method to represent the interface. The evolution of bubble mor- phology and the distributions of velocity and pressure in flow field are analyzed, and the effect of width ratio between main channel and branch on the bubble mor- phology are evaluated. The results indicate that, the ＂tun- nel＂ breakup, obstructed breakup, combined breakup and non-breakup are observed during the bubble flows through the T-junctions under different condition. The whole bub- ble breakup process undergoes the extension, squeeze and pinch-off stages, while the non-breakup process experi- ences extension and pushing stages. We find that, in the squeeze stage, a local vortex flow forms at the front edge of the bubble for the ＂tunnel＂ breakup while the velocity inside the bubble is of a parabolic distribution for the obstructed breakup. Irrespective of non-breakup regimes, there is a sudden pressure drop occurring at the gas-liquid interface of the bubble in the squeeze stage, and the pres- sure drop at the front interface is far larger than that at the depression region. The transition of the bubble breakup regime through the T-junction occurs with an increase in width ratio of main channel to the branch, which sequen- tially experiences the non-breakup regime, ＂tunnel＂ breakup regime and obstructed breakup regime. The flow regime diagrams are plotted with a power-law correlation to distinguish the bubble/droplet breakup and non-breakup regimes, which also characterize the difference between bubble and droplet breakup through a T-junction.

Dynamic Modelling of the DEP Controlled Boiling in a Microchannel

The paper presents theoretical analysis of flow dynamics in a heated microchannel in which flow rate may be controlled by dielectrophoretic(DEP) forces. Proposed model equations were derived in terms of lumped parameters characterising the system comprising of DEP controller and the microchannel. In result, an equation for liquid height of rise in the controller was obtained from momentum balances in the two elements of the considered system. In the model, the boiling process in the heated section of microchannel is taken into account through a pressure drop, which is a function of flow rate and uniform heat flux. Presented calculation results show that the DEP forces influence mainly the flow rate in the microchannel. In this way, by proper modulation of voltage applied to the DEP controller, it is possible to lower the frequency of Ledinegg instabilities.