自然循环系统流动-阻力特性理论和实验研究

通过实验研究发现,自然循环系统中自然循环流量与加热功率以及自然循环流量和系统总阻力之间分别存在关系:G^Q~m和Δp_t^G~q,分别定义m和q为流量-功率特征数和流动-阻力特征数。考虑自然循环系统局部阻力和沿程阻力的作用,采用拟合逼近的方法求解得到自然循环系统热工参数之间的近似解析关系,与实验结果吻合较好。研究表明,流量-功率特征数m与整个系统流动状态和阻力特性密切相关,是系统雷诺数Re和系统局部阻力系数和沿程阻力系数比值R_n的函数,且m随着R_n的增大逐渐减小。自然循环系统流动-阻力特征数与流量-功率特征数存在关系q=(1-m)/m,并得到实验验证。

Effect of attack angle change on hydrodynamic character of supercavitating bodies

A series of experiments has been done in a moderate-velocity cavitation tunnel to investigate the effects of attack angle change on hydrodynamic characters of supercavitation. Hydrodynamic characters of the aft section at various attack angles were compared. The investigation shows that hydrodynamic forces of the aft section are dependent of supercavity shapes at different attack angles,and the magnitude of hydrodynamic forces of the aft section varies with the change of attack angle. When the aft section is in the fully wetted case,the drag coefficient changes little. Lift and moment coefficients both increase with the increased attack angle,and the increase magnitude is not large. When the aft body planing is on the cavity boundary,the drag coefficient of nonzero attack angle is larger than that of zero attack angle,and the maximal lift and moment coefficients both vary obviously with the increased attack angle. In the case that the body is fully enveloped by cavity,the drag coefficient,lift coefficient and moment coefficient are nearly constant with the change of attack angles.

Study on Local Resistance of non-Newtonian Power Law Fluid in Elbow Pipes

This paper focuses on the flow characteristic and local resistance of non-Newtonian power law fluid in a curved 90° bend pipe with circular cross-sections, which are widely used in industrial applications. By employing nu- merical simulation and theoretical analysis the properties of the flow and local resistance of power law fluid under different working conditions are obtained. To explore the change rule the experiment is carried out by changing the Reynolds number, the wall roughness and differcnt diameter ratio of elbow pipe. The variation of the local resistance coefficient with the Reynolds number, the diameter ratio and the wall roughness is presented comprehensively in the paper. The results show that the local resistance force coefficient hardly changes with Reynolds number of the power law fluid; the wall roughness has a significant impact on the local resistance coefficicnt. As the pipe wall roughness increasing, the coefficient of local resistance force will increase. The main reason of the influence of the roughness on the local resistance coefficient is the increase of the eddy current region in the power law fluid flow, which increases the kinetic energy dissipation of the main flow. This paper provides theoretical and numerical methods to understand the local resistance property of non-Newtonian power law fluid in elbow pipes.

Dimensional Analysis on Resistance Characteristics of Labyrinth Seals

Experimental investigation of stepped and straight-through labyrinth seals was designed to study the sealing performance of two different typical labyrinth seals.In order to facilitate dimensional analysis on the flow resistance characteristics of labyrinth seals,the variable cross-section of the flow channels are considered as constant cross-section flow.The mechanical energy loss of flow caused by throttle turbulence intensity is considered as caused by friction along the way.The friction coefficient of stepped labyrinth seals is bigger than that of straight-through labyrinth seals by more than 40% for the same Reynolds number and the ratio of equivalent diameter and the seal length.The expression of friction coefficient /and /Re are obtained from experimental data.The verifications indicate that the expressions are highly accurate.The contribution to the total pressure drop of each tooth cavity gradually becomes less along the flow direction.