The rheological properties including the complex modulus G* and the phase angle δof matrix and warm mix asphalt (WMA)binders were measured by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR ) test at the medium temperatu...The rheological properties including the complex modulus G* and the phase angle δof matrix and warm mix asphalt (WMA)binders were measured by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR ) test at the medium temperature ranging from 16 to 40 ℃,and the relationships between the fatigue factor G* sinδand the matrix binder property,WMA additive and test temperature were established.It is found that G* decreases with the increasing temperature while δincreases inversely,and G* of the asphalt binder with high WMA additive dosage is large,and δis small.G*sinδexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature and linearly increases with the increase in additive dosage,and the amplitudes of variation are large at low temperatures and high additive dosages.The effect of WMA additive on the rheological property is more remarkable for the matrix asphalt binder with low G*.Besides,aging has a great effect on the property of matrix asphalt binder,and a slight effect on the interaction between asphalt and additive.The high additive dosage can increase the fatigue cracking potential of the asphalt binder.展开更多
The microstructure and mechanical properties of rheocasting AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. The semisolid slurry of this alloy was prepared by ultrasonic vibration (USV) process and then shaped by high press...The microstructure and mechanical properties of rheocasting AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. The semisolid slurry of this alloy was prepared by ultrasonic vibration (USV) process and then shaped by high pressure diecasting (HPDC). The results show that fine and spherical a-Mg particles were obtained by USV at the nucleation stage, which was mainly attributed to the cavitation and acoustic streaming induced by the USV. Extending USV treatment time increased the solid volume fraction and average particle size, the shape factors were nearly the same, about 0.7. Excellent semisolid slurry of AZ91 magnesium alloy could be obtained within 6 rain by USV near its liquidus temperature. The rheo-HPDC samples treated by USV for 6 min had the maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation, which were 248 MPa and 7.4%, respectively. It was also found that the ductile fracture mode prevailed in the rheocasting AZ91 magnesium alloy.展开更多
This paper puts forward a physical and mathematical model for the rheological properties of a plant cell suspension culture system.The model can explain why the system is pseudoplastic satisfactorily,thus the rheologi...This paper puts forward a physical and mathematical model for the rheological properties of a plant cell suspension culture system.The model can explain why the system is pseudoplastic satisfactorily,thus the rheological properties of the system as the effect of the flow behavior index on plant cell concentration are interpreted correctly and the mechanism of the rheological properties of the system is further understood.Therefore the model can be applied in the technological design and optimum conditions of the system and the reformation,evaluation and scale up of reactors.展开更多
Based on the characteristic of deep rock layers and the theory of key strata,we analysed elastic mechanical characteristics of key strata by using elastic plate theory.The results show that the deformation and distrib...Based on the characteristic of deep rock layers and the theory of key strata,we analysed elastic mechanical characteristics of key strata by using elastic plate theory.The results show that the deformation and distribution of internal forces of key strata vary with different mine boundary conditions.The boundary values of key strata with three point boundaries and one fixed boundary is greater than that with four fixed boundaries.Considering the rheology of key strata under low stress conditions,we selected a generalized Kelvin model to analyse the rheology characteristics of the key strata and discovered their instantaneous elastic phases.The rate of deformation decreased over time to the point where the key strata reached stability.But over this time,the effect on deformation became very clear. For high stress conditions,we chose a Burgers model and found deformation of key strata in the form of attenuation and steady-state creep and although the rate of deformation remained constant,secondary creep was obvious,causing instability in the system.As well,we analysed the effect of creep buckling and derived a relation between buckling force and time.展开更多
In this paper, in order to investigate the viscoelasticity of asphalt binder at the softening point temperature, more than 30 different asphalt binders were selected and tested by dynamic rheological scan method using...In this paper, in order to investigate the viscoelasticity of asphalt binder at the softening point temperature, more than 30 different asphalt binders were selected and tested by dynamic rheological scan method using a dynamic shear rheometer(DSR). The softening points and the rheological parameters of the asphalt samples were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that at the softening point temperature the neat asphalt and the SBS modified asphalt showed two different rheological states. The neat asphalt binders had a majority of viscous components in viscoelastic composition, with the phase angles being mostly higher than 80 o. The SBS modified binders had lower phase angles, with their elasticity still retained. Meanwhile, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed that at a confidence level of 0.05, at whatever aging state, the neat asphalt had a stable complex modulus corresponding to the softening point, which was 13.034 kPa at a standard deviation of 2.105 kPa under the same test condition. The softening point of neat asphalt binder can be calculated via the equivalent modulus rule. It is found out that there is a good relationship between the calculated and the measured softening points. And it is suggested that more data are needed to validate this finding.展开更多
Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new kind of smart materials, the rheological properties can be controlled rapidly by the external magnetic field. It is mainly composed of rubber and micron-sized ferromagneti...Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new kind of smart materials, the rheological properties can be controlled rapidly by the external magnetic field. It is mainly composed of rubber and micron-sized ferromagnetic particles, which forms a chain-like structure. Therefore its mechanical, electric, and magnetic properties can be changed by the applied magnetic field, which is called as the magneto-induced effect. But this effect is not remarkable enough currently for the engineering application. So it is important for material preparation to optimize parameters to enhance the magneto-induced effect. In this work, based on chain-like model, some factors influencing the magneto-induced effect of MRE were analyzed theoretically by using dipole method with the normal distribution of chain's angle introduced. The factors included the oblique angle of particles chains, magnetic field intensity, and shear strain, etc. Some experiments were also carried out.展开更多
This paper simulated the ultraviolet aging process of asphalt and used dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) method to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging on the asphalt theological properties. After having experienc...This paper simulated the ultraviolet aging process of asphalt and used dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) method to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging on the asphalt theological properties. After having experienced ultravio- let aging, the low temperature performance of asphalt binder decreased significantly, with its complex modulus increased and phase angle decreased along with changing rheological properties as compared to the performance of original asphalt binder. The ultraviolet aging process would make asphalt binder more sensitive to brittle and fatigue failure. On the basis of the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP), the viscoelastic transition frequency (coT) is proposed to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging. It is found that with the increase in ultraviolet aging time, the cox moves to the lower frequency range gradually. Since the viscoelastic transition frequency is sensitive to the effect of aging, it can be used as an indicator of ultraviolet aging.展开更多
The Niyang River, a main tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, is an important and typical plateau fiver ecosystem in Tibet, China. At present, few studies have focused on its aquatic living resources and fiver ecolo...The Niyang River, a main tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, is an important and typical plateau fiver ecosystem in Tibet, China. At present, few studies have focused on its aquatic living resources and fiver ecology. In this study, the composition, abundance, and diversity of periphytic protozoa were investigated across four seasons from 2008 to 2009 to better understand their spatio-temporal patterns and relationship to the environment. Our investigation shows that periphytic protozoa in the Niyang River contained 15 genera, belonged to Tubulinea, Alveolata, Discosea and Rhizaria, Alveolata possessed most genera, up to nine, with highest share in abundance, exceeding 50%, Difflugia and Glaucoma were dominant genera. Moreover, four diversity indices of periphytic protozoa, including species richness, total abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index, displayed a significant descending trend as the seasons continued, in the order of winter, spring, summer and autumn; with a significant difference existing between winter and summer (or autumn) for Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness (P〈0.05). Four of these diversity indices also presented a V-shaped pattern between the upper middle course of the Niyang River and the confluence of the Niyang River and Yarlung Zangbo River, with the lowest value occurred in the middle course of the Niyang River. However, no significant variation was found through the Niyang River (P〉0.05). In addition, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) shows that the densities of Difflugia, Glaucomais, Enchelydium, Cyphoderia, and Enchelys correlate with water temperature, alkalinity, hardness, pH, and dissolved oxygen, respectively. Lastly, the relationship between periphytic protozoa diversity and the environmental factors of the Niyang River can be predicted using classification and regression trees (CART) annalysis, which suggests that the total abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index would be higher when the elevation is above 3 308 m. On the other hand, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index would be lower when pH and ammoniacal nitrogen have lower or higher values. Finally yet importantly, close attention should be paid to periphytic protozoa and its environment to ensure sustainable development of the Niyang River ecosystem.展开更多
A soybean oil derived biodiesel was prepared and blended with a conventional No. 0 petrodiesel. The pour points (PP) and the cold filter plugging points (CFPP) of biodiesel blends were evaluated on a low-temperatu...A soybean oil derived biodiesel was prepared and blended with a conventional No. 0 petrodiesel. The pour points (PP) and the cold filter plugging points (CFPP) of biodiesel blends were evaluated on a low-temperature flow tester. Dynamic viscosities of the blends at different temperatures and different shear rates were measured on a rotary rheometer. The crystal morphologies of biodiesel blends at low temperatures were analyzed using a polarizing microscope. The results indicated that blended fuels demonstrated slight decrease in PPs and CFPPs as compared with those of neat soybean oil derived biodiesel and pure petrodiesel. Below the temperatures of PPs or CFPPs, the dynamic viscosity of biodiesel blends dramatically increased with a decreasing temperature, but decreased with an increasing shear rate, so that biodiesel blends exhibited non-Newtonian behavior. At temperatures higher than PPs or CFPPs, a linear relationship appeared between the dynamic viscosity and shear rate and biodiesel blends became Newtonian fluids. At low temperatures, wax crystals of biodiesel blends grew and agglomerated rapidly. Loss of fluidity for biodiesel blends at low temperatures could therefore be attributed on one hand to the sharp increase of viscosity and on the other hand to the rapid growth and agglomeration of wax crystals.展开更多
In this paper, properties of new kind of modified bitumen are presented. Bituminous binder was modified with mix modification using polymer and additive of crumb rubber. Terminal blend process at the refinery was appl...In this paper, properties of new kind of modified bitumen are presented. Bituminous binder was modified with mix modification using polymer and additive of crumb rubber. Terminal blend process at the refinery was applied to produce the mixed modified binder. Laboratory tests were focused on the characterization of the properties of 45/80-55 CR binder with comparison to reference 50/70 and conventional polymer modified 45/80-55 bitumen. Based on conventional binder tests such as penetration, softening point and Fraass breaking point as well as BBR (bending beam rheometer) and DSR (dynamic shear rheometer) tests, rheological properties were investigated. For determination of stability of the polymer and crumb rubber, modified bitumen tube testing method was used. Based on the results analysis, improvement of the viscoelastic properties of polymer and crumb rubber modified bitumen was observed. Conventional properties and stability tests showed that it is possible to pass standard requirements for polymer modified bitumen. Mixed modification and terminal blend allow to use crumb rubber as a modifier with elimination of the separation of crumb rubber during transportation and storage at high temperature. In this paper, experience from filed sections with use of the asphalt mixture with new kind of modified bitumen is presented.展开更多
For the most coastal areas where the air is very humid,study on the effect of humidity on the performance of asphalt has its practical significance.However,limited research has been done to investigate the effect of h...For the most coastal areas where the air is very humid,study on the effect of humidity on the performance of asphalt has its practical significance.However,limited research has been done to investigate the effect of humidity on rheological properties of asphalt.In this study,asphalt binders were aged in the pressure aging vessel(PAV)under different conditions of moisture and aging time.Then Dynamic Shear Rheometer(DSR)and Bending Beam Rheometer(BBR)measurements were conducted to obtain the parameters relating to the complex modulus,phase angle,failure temperature,and creep stiffness.It was found that the low temperature performance decreased as evidenced by the results of the creep stiffness.While there were no significant differences among conditioned binders based on complex modulus G*and phase angleδ,it was found that theδvalue increased when the humidity increased from 0% to 80% ,and then theδvalue decreased when the humidity increased to 100% .In addition,the results of the failure temperature indicated that the humidity of 80% would be a critical point for the high temperature performance of the asphalt binders.展开更多
A metal-ligand coordinated surfactant system formed by calcium dodecylsulfate(Ca(DS)2)/tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C14DMAO)/H2O was studied in terms of surface tension,conductivity,negative-staining TEM,phase behav...A metal-ligand coordinated surfactant system formed by calcium dodecylsulfate(Ca(DS)2)/tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C14DMAO)/H2O was studied in terms of surface tension,conductivity,negative-staining TEM,phase behavior and rheological operation.In C14DMAO solution,when Ca(DS)2 is added,metal-ligand complexes form between the Ca 2+and N→O group of C14DMAO.Under this metal-ligand driving force,different phases can be obtained at different concentrations and different ratios of Ca(DS)2 and C14DMAO.At the fixed C14DMAO concentration,L1-phase consisting of spherical micelles forms at first.With the addition of Ca(DS)2,the spherical micelles elongate to be wormlike micelles and then after an L1/L-two phase region,the birefringent vesicle-phase(Lv-phase)region is observed.When Ca(DS)2 concentration continues to increase,a gel-phase region is found after the Lv-phase region and then precipitates of undissolved Ca(DS)2 appear.The transition between different phases is affected by temperature remarkably.The wormlike micellar solutions and vesicle solutions were checked by rheological measurements and showed apparent viscoelasticity at high surfactant concentrations.展开更多
Seldom could metals and alloys maintain excellent properties in cryogenic condition, such as the ductility, owing to the restrained dislocation motion.However, a face-centered-cubic(FCC) CoCrFeNi highentropy alloy(HEA...Seldom could metals and alloys maintain excellent properties in cryogenic condition, such as the ductility, owing to the restrained dislocation motion.However, a face-centered-cubic(FCC) CoCrFeNi highentropy alloy(HEA) with great ductility is investigated under the cryogenic environment. The tensile strength of this alloy can reach a maximum at 1,251±10 MPa, and the strain to failure can stay at as large as 62% at the liquid helium temperature. We ascribe the high strength and ductility to the low stacking fault energy at extremely low temperatures,which facilitates the activation of deformation twinning.Moreover, the FCC→HCP(hexagonal close-packed) transition and serration lead to the sudden decline of ductility below 77 K. The dynamical modeling and analysis of serrations at 4.2 and 20 K verify the unstable state due to the FCC→HCP transition. The deformation twinning together with phase transformation at liquid helium temperature produces an adequate strain-hardening rate that sustains the stable plastic flow at high stresses, resulting in the serration feature.展开更多
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51408043)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(No.2014JQ7278)
文摘The rheological properties including the complex modulus G* and the phase angle δof matrix and warm mix asphalt (WMA)binders were measured by using the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR ) test at the medium temperature ranging from 16 to 40 ℃,and the relationships between the fatigue factor G* sinδand the matrix binder property,WMA additive and test temperature were established.It is found that G* decreases with the increasing temperature while δincreases inversely,and G* of the asphalt binder with high WMA additive dosage is large,and δis small.G*sinδexponentially decreases with the increasing temperature and linearly increases with the increase in additive dosage,and the amplitudes of variation are large at low temperatures and high additive dosages.The effect of WMA additive on the rheological property is more remarkable for the matrix asphalt binder with low G*.Besides,aging has a great effect on the property of matrix asphalt binder,and a slight effect on the interaction between asphalt and additive.The high additive dosage can increase the fatigue cracking potential of the asphalt binder.
文摘The microstructure and mechanical properties of rheocasting AZ91 magnesium alloy were investigated. The semisolid slurry of this alloy was prepared by ultrasonic vibration (USV) process and then shaped by high pressure diecasting (HPDC). The results show that fine and spherical a-Mg particles were obtained by USV at the nucleation stage, which was mainly attributed to the cavitation and acoustic streaming induced by the USV. Extending USV treatment time increased the solid volume fraction and average particle size, the shape factors were nearly the same, about 0.7. Excellent semisolid slurry of AZ91 magnesium alloy could be obtained within 6 rain by USV near its liquidus temperature. The rheo-HPDC samples treated by USV for 6 min had the maximum ultimate tensile strength and elongation, which were 248 MPa and 7.4%, respectively. It was also found that the ductile fracture mode prevailed in the rheocasting AZ91 magnesium alloy.
文摘This paper puts forward a physical and mathematical model for the rheological properties of a plant cell suspension culture system.The model can explain why the system is pseudoplastic satisfactorily,thus the rheological properties of the system as the effect of the flow behavior index on plant cell concentration are interpreted correctly and the mechanism of the rheological properties of the system is further understood.Therefore the model can be applied in the technological design and optimum conditions of the system and the reformation,evaluation and scale up of reactors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50904065)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-09-0728)
文摘Based on the characteristic of deep rock layers and the theory of key strata,we analysed elastic mechanical characteristics of key strata by using elastic plate theory.The results show that the deformation and distribution of internal forces of key strata vary with different mine boundary conditions.The boundary values of key strata with three point boundaries and one fixed boundary is greater than that with four fixed boundaries.Considering the rheology of key strata under low stress conditions,we selected a generalized Kelvin model to analyse the rheology characteristics of the key strata and discovered their instantaneous elastic phases.The rate of deformation decreased over time to the point where the key strata reached stability.But over this time,the effect on deformation became very clear. For high stress conditions,we chose a Burgers model and found deformation of key strata in the form of attenuation and steady-state creep and although the rate of deformation remained constant,secondary creep was obvious,causing instability in the system.As well,we analysed the effect of creep buckling and derived a relation between buckling force and time.
基金financially supported by the Shandong Natural Science Foundation (ZR2009FL020)the Shandong Transportation Innovation Foundation (2010Y20)
文摘In this paper, in order to investigate the viscoelasticity of asphalt binder at the softening point temperature, more than 30 different asphalt binders were selected and tested by dynamic rheological scan method using a dynamic shear rheometer(DSR). The softening points and the rheological parameters of the asphalt samples were measured and analyzed. The results indicated that at the softening point temperature the neat asphalt and the SBS modified asphalt showed two different rheological states. The neat asphalt binders had a majority of viscous components in viscoelastic composition, with the phase angles being mostly higher than 80 o. The SBS modified binders had lower phase angles, with their elasticity still retained. Meanwhile, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test showed that at a confidence level of 0.05, at whatever aging state, the neat asphalt had a stable complex modulus corresponding to the softening point, which was 13.034 kPa at a standard deviation of 2.105 kPa under the same test condition. The softening point of neat asphalt binder can be calculated via the equivalent modulus rule. It is found out that there is a good relationship between the calculated and the measured softening points. And it is suggested that more data are needed to validate this finding.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50830202 and No.60804018) and the Plan of the Excellent Talent for the New Century (NCET-07-0910). The authors also appreciate the help in the experimental instruments of Professor Xing-long Gong of University of Science and Technology of China deeply.
文摘Magnetorheological elastomer (MRE) is a new kind of smart materials, the rheological properties can be controlled rapidly by the external magnetic field. It is mainly composed of rubber and micron-sized ferromagnetic particles, which forms a chain-like structure. Therefore its mechanical, electric, and magnetic properties can be changed by the applied magnetic field, which is called as the magneto-induced effect. But this effect is not remarkable enough currently for the engineering application. So it is important for material preparation to optimize parameters to enhance the magneto-induced effect. In this work, based on chain-like model, some factors influencing the magneto-induced effect of MRE were analyzed theoretically by using dipole method with the normal distribution of chain's angle introduced. The factors included the oblique angle of particles chains, magnetic field intensity, and shear strain, etc. Some experiments were also carried out.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NNSFC,Grant No.50808058)the New Century Excellent Talents in University,2007(NCETU)+1 种基金the National Science Foundation for Post-doctoral Scientists of China(NSFPSC,Grant No.20080430925)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(SRFDPHEC,Grant No.200902403)
文摘This paper simulated the ultraviolet aging process of asphalt and used dynamic mechanic analysis (DMA) method to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging on the asphalt theological properties. After having experienced ultravio- let aging, the low temperature performance of asphalt binder decreased significantly, with its complex modulus increased and phase angle decreased along with changing rheological properties as compared to the performance of original asphalt binder. The ultraviolet aging process would make asphalt binder more sensitive to brittle and fatigue failure. On the basis of the time-temperature superposition principle (TTSP), the viscoelastic transition frequency (coT) is proposed to evaluate the effect of ultraviolet aging. It is found that with the increase in ultraviolet aging time, the cox moves to the lower frequency range gradually. Since the viscoelastic transition frequency is sensitive to the effect of aging, it can be used as an indicator of ultraviolet aging.
基金Supported by Regional Fund Key Projects from Technology Gallery in Tibet,Agro-Technical Popularization from Finance Department in Tibet,the National Special Research Fund for Non-Profit Sector(Agriculture)(No.201403012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31560144)the State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology(No.2011FBZ28)
文摘The Niyang River, a main tributary of the Yarlung Zangbo River, is an important and typical plateau fiver ecosystem in Tibet, China. At present, few studies have focused on its aquatic living resources and fiver ecology. In this study, the composition, abundance, and diversity of periphytic protozoa were investigated across four seasons from 2008 to 2009 to better understand their spatio-temporal patterns and relationship to the environment. Our investigation shows that periphytic protozoa in the Niyang River contained 15 genera, belonged to Tubulinea, Alveolata, Discosea and Rhizaria, Alveolata possessed most genera, up to nine, with highest share in abundance, exceeding 50%, Difflugia and Glaucoma were dominant genera. Moreover, four diversity indices of periphytic protozoa, including species richness, total abundance, Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index, displayed a significant descending trend as the seasons continued, in the order of winter, spring, summer and autumn; with a significant difference existing between winter and summer (or autumn) for Shannon-Wiener diversity index and species richness (P〈0.05). Four of these diversity indices also presented a V-shaped pattern between the upper middle course of the Niyang River and the confluence of the Niyang River and Yarlung Zangbo River, with the lowest value occurred in the middle course of the Niyang River. However, no significant variation was found through the Niyang River (P〉0.05). In addition, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) shows that the densities of Difflugia, Glaucomais, Enchelydium, Cyphoderia, and Enchelys correlate with water temperature, alkalinity, hardness, pH, and dissolved oxygen, respectively. Lastly, the relationship between periphytic protozoa diversity and the environmental factors of the Niyang River can be predicted using classification and regression trees (CART) annalysis, which suggests that the total abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity index would be higher when the elevation is above 3 308 m. On the other hand, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielou's evenness index would be lower when pH and ammoniacal nitrogen have lower or higher values. Finally yet importantly, close attention should be paid to periphytic protozoa and its environment to ensure sustainable development of the Niyang River ecosystem.
基金the financial support of the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(project No.CSTC2006BA6031)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Chinese Universities(project No.NCET-04-1002)
文摘A soybean oil derived biodiesel was prepared and blended with a conventional No. 0 petrodiesel. The pour points (PP) and the cold filter plugging points (CFPP) of biodiesel blends were evaluated on a low-temperature flow tester. Dynamic viscosities of the blends at different temperatures and different shear rates were measured on a rotary rheometer. The crystal morphologies of biodiesel blends at low temperatures were analyzed using a polarizing microscope. The results indicated that blended fuels demonstrated slight decrease in PPs and CFPPs as compared with those of neat soybean oil derived biodiesel and pure petrodiesel. Below the temperatures of PPs or CFPPs, the dynamic viscosity of biodiesel blends dramatically increased with a decreasing temperature, but decreased with an increasing shear rate, so that biodiesel blends exhibited non-Newtonian behavior. At temperatures higher than PPs or CFPPs, a linear relationship appeared between the dynamic viscosity and shear rate and biodiesel blends became Newtonian fluids. At low temperatures, wax crystals of biodiesel blends grew and agglomerated rapidly. Loss of fluidity for biodiesel blends at low temperatures could therefore be attributed on one hand to the sharp increase of viscosity and on the other hand to the rapid growth and agglomeration of wax crystals.
文摘In this paper, properties of new kind of modified bitumen are presented. Bituminous binder was modified with mix modification using polymer and additive of crumb rubber. Terminal blend process at the refinery was applied to produce the mixed modified binder. Laboratory tests were focused on the characterization of the properties of 45/80-55 CR binder with comparison to reference 50/70 and conventional polymer modified 45/80-55 bitumen. Based on conventional binder tests such as penetration, softening point and Fraass breaking point as well as BBR (bending beam rheometer) and DSR (dynamic shear rheometer) tests, rheological properties were investigated. For determination of stability of the polymer and crumb rubber, modified bitumen tube testing method was used. Based on the results analysis, improvement of the viscoelastic properties of polymer and crumb rubber modified bitumen was observed. Conventional properties and stability tests showed that it is possible to pass standard requirements for polymer modified bitumen. Mixed modification and terminal blend allow to use crumb rubber as a modifier with elimination of the separation of crumb rubber during transportation and storage at high temperature. In this paper, experience from filed sections with use of the asphalt mixture with new kind of modified bitumen is presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Fund Project of China(NSFC)(No.:51278173)the Natural Science Fund Project of Jiangsu Provincial Communications Department(No.:SBK201120606)
文摘For the most coastal areas where the air is very humid,study on the effect of humidity on the performance of asphalt has its practical significance.However,limited research has been done to investigate the effect of humidity on rheological properties of asphalt.In this study,asphalt binders were aged in the pressure aging vessel(PAV)under different conditions of moisture and aging time.Then Dynamic Shear Rheometer(DSR)and Bending Beam Rheometer(BBR)measurements were conducted to obtain the parameters relating to the complex modulus,phase angle,failure temperature,and creep stiffness.It was found that the low temperature performance decreased as evidenced by the results of the creep stiffness.While there were no significant differences among conditioned binders based on complex modulus G*and phase angleδ,it was found that theδvalue increased when the humidity increased from 0% to 80% ,and then theδvalue decreased when the humidity increased to 100% .In addition,the results of the failure temperature indicated that the humidity of 80% would be a critical point for the high temperature performance of the asphalt binders.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (20833010 and 20803045)the Foundation of Ministry of Education of China for New Teachers (200804221008)
文摘A metal-ligand coordinated surfactant system formed by calcium dodecylsulfate(Ca(DS)2)/tetradecyldimethylamine oxide (C14DMAO)/H2O was studied in terms of surface tension,conductivity,negative-staining TEM,phase behavior and rheological operation.In C14DMAO solution,when Ca(DS)2 is added,metal-ligand complexes form between the Ca 2+and N→O group of C14DMAO.Under this metal-ligand driving force,different phases can be obtained at different concentrations and different ratios of Ca(DS)2 and C14DMAO.At the fixed C14DMAO concentration,L1-phase consisting of spherical micelles forms at first.With the addition of Ca(DS)2,the spherical micelles elongate to be wormlike micelles and then after an L1/L-two phase region,the birefringent vesicle-phase(Lv-phase)region is observed.When Ca(DS)2 concentration continues to increase,a gel-phase region is found after the Lv-phase region and then precipitates of undissolved Ca(DS)2 appear.The transition between different phases is affected by temperature remarkably.The wormlike micellar solutions and vesicle solutions were checked by rheological measurements and showed apparent viscoelasticity at high surfactant concentrations.
基金supported in part by the Nationa Natural Science Foundation of China (51471025, 51671020, 51471024 and 11771407)the Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Fossil Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (DE-FE-0011194)+1 种基金the support from the US Army Research Office project (W911NF-13-1-0438)the support from the National Science Foundation (DMR-1611180 and 1809640)
文摘Seldom could metals and alloys maintain excellent properties in cryogenic condition, such as the ductility, owing to the restrained dislocation motion.However, a face-centered-cubic(FCC) CoCrFeNi highentropy alloy(HEA) with great ductility is investigated under the cryogenic environment. The tensile strength of this alloy can reach a maximum at 1,251±10 MPa, and the strain to failure can stay at as large as 62% at the liquid helium temperature. We ascribe the high strength and ductility to the low stacking fault energy at extremely low temperatures,which facilitates the activation of deformation twinning.Moreover, the FCC→HCP(hexagonal close-packed) transition and serration lead to the sudden decline of ductility below 77 K. The dynamical modeling and analysis of serrations at 4.2 and 20 K verify the unstable state due to the FCC→HCP transition. The deformation twinning together with phase transformation at liquid helium temperature produces an adequate strain-hardening rate that sustains the stable plastic flow at high stresses, resulting in the serration feature.