For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the inte...For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber and matrix. WPCs were prepared from wood fiber up to 60 wt.% and modified PP/PE was blended by extrusion. The rheological properties were studied by using dynamic measurement. According to the strain sweep test, the linear viscoelastic region of composites in the melt was determined. The result showed that the storage modulus was independent of the strain at low strain region （〈0.1%）. The frequency sweep resuits indicated that all composites exhibited shear thinning behavior, and both the storage modulus and complex viscosity of MAH modified composites were decreased comparing to those unmodified. Flexural properties and impact strength of the prepared WPCs were measured according to the relevant standard specifications. The flexural and impact strength of the manufactured composites significantly increased and reached a maximum when MAH dosage was 1.0 wt%, whereas the flexural modulus after an initial decreased, also increased with MAH dosage. The increase in mechanical properties indicated that the presence of anhydride groups enhanced the interracial adhesion between wood fiber and PP/PE blends.展开更多
A key problem in seismic inversion is the identification of the reservoir fluids. Elastic parameters, such as seismic wave velocity and formation density, do not have sufficient sensitivity, thus, the conventional amp...A key problem in seismic inversion is the identification of the reservoir fluids. Elastic parameters, such as seismic wave velocity and formation density, do not have sufficient sensitivity, thus, the conventional amplitude-versus-offset（AVO） method is not applicable. The frequency-dependent AVO method considers the dependency of the seismic amplitude to frequency and uses this dependency to obtain information regarding the fluids in the reservoir fractures. We propose an improved Bayesian inversion method based on the parameterization of the Chapman model. The proposed method is based on 1） inelastic attribute inversion by the FDAVO method and 2） Bayesian statistics for fluid identification. First, we invert the inelastic fracture parameters by formulating an error function, which is used to match observations and model data. Second, we identify fluid types by using a Markov random field a priori model considering data from various sources, such as prestack inversion and well logs. We consider the inelastic parameters to take advantage of the viscosity differences among the different fluids possible. Finally, we use the maximum posteriori probability for obtaining the best lithology/fluid identification results.展开更多
Coal and methane outburst is one of the harmful disasters in coal mines. We have studied the rheological properties of gaseous coal in laboratory and obtained its rheological fracture principle. This principle can bet...Coal and methane outburst is one of the harmful disasters in coal mines. We have studied the rheological properties of gaseous coal in laboratory and obtained its rheological fracture principle. This principle can better explain and describe the outburst mechanism of gaseous coal. Thereby a rheological hypothesis of coal and methane outburst is put forward in this paper.展开更多
Based on main physical and mechanical properties of deep-sea sediment from C-C poly-metallic nodule mining area in the Pacific Ocean, the best sediment simulant was successfully prepared by mixing bentonite with a cer...Based on main physical and mechanical properties of deep-sea sediment from C-C poly-metallic nodule mining area in the Pacific Ocean, the best sediment simulant was successfully prepared by mixing bentonite with a certain content of water. Compression-shear coupling rheological constitutive model of the sediment simulant was established by endochronic theory and the coupling rheological parameters were obtained by compressive and compression-shear creep tests. A new calculation formula of turning traction force of the tracked mining vehicle was first derived based on the coupling rheological model and consideration of pushing resistance and sinkage of the tracked mining vehicle. Effects of the turning velocity, crawler spacing and contacting length of crawler with deep-sea sediment on the turning traction force were analyzed. Research results can provide theoretical foundation for operation safety and optimal design of the tracked mining vehicle.展开更多
It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. Th...It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. The impacts of well conditions including temperature, pressure and shear rate, on the crude oil rheology were comprehensively investigated and correlated using several empirical rheological models. The experimental data indicate that this heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature as result of microstructure change caused by hydrogen bonding. The rheological behavior of the heavy oil is also significantly impacted by the imposed pressure, i.e., the viscosity flow activation energy(Eμ) gently increases with the increasing pressure. The viscosity–shear rate data are well fitted to the power law model at low temperature. However, due to the transition of fluid feature at high temperature(Newtonian fluid), the measured viscosity was found to slightly deviate from the fitting data. Combining the evaluated correlations, the viscosity profile of the heavy crude oil in these two deep artesian wells as a function of well depth was predicted using the oilfield producing data.展开更多
This study reports research on pesticide suspension rheology and a new rheological parameter, the relative value of approach, which has great advantage for judging the physical stability of a pesticide suspension conc...This study reports research on pesticide suspension rheology and a new rheological parameter, the relative value of approach, which has great advantage for judging the physical stability of a pesticide suspension concentrate. Experiments showed that the system can form stable dispersions when the value of the relative value of approach (Sr) is less than 0.1.展开更多
The rheological properties of soy protein isolate （SPI） and polyurethane （PU） in the PAN/DMSO solution were investigated in this study. The results showed that all these solutions possessed pseudo-plastic solution...The rheological properties of soy protein isolate （SPI） and polyurethane （PU） in the PAN/DMSO solution were investigated in this study. The results showed that all these solutions possessed pseudo-plastic solution properties. There are opposite effects of SPI and PU in the PAN/DMSO solution. Their apparent viscosity, degree of non-Newtonian fluid, and extent of structuralization of blend system increase with the addition of SPI, whereas, all of these decrease with the addition of PU. Moreover, the theological properties of PAN/DMSO solution were affected when SPI and PU were added equally, and SPI presented more effect when the proportion of ingredient was less, and PU presented more effect when the proportion of ingredient was more.展开更多
The water quality of lakes can be degraded by excessive riverine nutrients.Riverine water quality generally varies depending on region and season because of the spatiotemporal variations in natural factors and anthrop...The water quality of lakes can be degraded by excessive riverine nutrients.Riverine water quality generally varies depending on region and season because of the spatiotemporal variations in natural factors and anthropogenic activities.Monthly water quality measurements of eight water quality variables were analyzed for two years at 16 sites of the Tianmuhu watershed.The variables were examined using hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis(FA/PCA) to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in riverine nutrients and to identify their potential sources.HCA revealed three geographical groups and three periods.Two drainages comprising towns and large villages were the most polluted, six drainages comprising widely distributed tea plantations and orchards were moderately polluted, and eight drainages without the factors were the least polluted.The river was most polluted in June when the first heavy rain(daily rainfall > 50 mm) occurs after fertilization and the number of rainy days is most(monthly number of rainy days > 20 days).Moderate pollution was observed from October to May, during which morethan 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied to the cropland, the total manure is applied to tea plantations and orchards, and a monthly rainfall ranging from 0 mm to 164 mm occurs.The remaining months were characterized by frequent raining(i.e., number of rainy days per month ranged from 5 to 24) and little use of fertilizers, and were thus least polluted.FA/PCA identified that the greatest pollution sources were the runoff from tea plantations and orchards,domestic pollution and the surface runoff from towns and villages, and rural sewage, which had extremely high contributions of riverine nitrogen, phosphorus,and chemical oxygen demand, respectively.The tea plantations and orchards promoted by the agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) were not environmentally friendly.Riverine nitrogen is a major water pollution parameter in hilly watersheds affected by ACD, and this parameter would not be reduced unless its loss load through the runoff from tea plantations and orchards is effectively controlled.展开更多
In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid ...In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid waste.Secondly,the integrated dis-posal and transport system for industry solid waste was introduced,in particular,the oper-ating principles,equipment set-up,key technology and technical parameters.Next,thispaper illustrated the application of this integrated system.Such as it can transport coalsludge with sufficiently high solids content(about 72%～77%)and high apparent viscosity(about 1 000～3 000 Pa.s)directly by pipeline having no use for water and addition agent.Generally,the transport distance is about 1 000 m.This system has been successfullyused in innocuous disposition and efficient utilization of other industrial byproducts or solidwastes,such as city sludge and paper making waste.The integrated system causes nopollution to the environment for its complete seal and realizes protecting the environment,conserving the energy,promoting the development of cycling economic.Finally,the paperdiscussed the research works that were needed for studying such pipeline transport sys-tem and narrates the relevant condition and application status.展开更多
文摘For evaluation of the rheological and mechanical properties of highly filled wood plastic composites （WPCs）, polypropylene/polyethylene （PP/PE） blends were grafted with maleic anhydride （MAH） to enhance the interfacial adhesion between wood fiber and matrix. WPCs were prepared from wood fiber up to 60 wt.% and modified PP/PE was blended by extrusion. The rheological properties were studied by using dynamic measurement. According to the strain sweep test, the linear viscoelastic region of composites in the melt was determined. The result showed that the storage modulus was independent of the strain at low strain region （〈0.1%）. The frequency sweep resuits indicated that all composites exhibited shear thinning behavior, and both the storage modulus and complex viscosity of MAH modified composites were decreased comparing to those unmodified. Flexural properties and impact strength of the prepared WPCs were measured according to the relevant standard specifications. The flexural and impact strength of the manufactured composites significantly increased and reached a maximum when MAH dosage was 1.0 wt%, whereas the flexural modulus after an initial decreased, also increased with MAH dosage. The increase in mechanical properties indicated that the presence of anhydride groups enhanced the interracial adhesion between wood fiber and PP/PE blends.
基金supported by the 973 Program of China(No.2013CB429805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41174080)
文摘A key problem in seismic inversion is the identification of the reservoir fluids. Elastic parameters, such as seismic wave velocity and formation density, do not have sufficient sensitivity, thus, the conventional amplitude-versus-offset（AVO） method is not applicable. The frequency-dependent AVO method considers the dependency of the seismic amplitude to frequency and uses this dependency to obtain information regarding the fluids in the reservoir fractures. We propose an improved Bayesian inversion method based on the parameterization of the Chapman model. The proposed method is based on 1） inelastic attribute inversion by the FDAVO method and 2） Bayesian statistics for fluid identification. First, we invert the inelastic fracture parameters by formulating an error function, which is used to match observations and model data. Second, we identify fluid types by using a Markov random field a priori model considering data from various sources, such as prestack inversion and well logs. We consider the inelastic parameters to take advantage of the viscosity differences among the different fluids possible. Finally, we use the maximum posteriori probability for obtaining the best lithology/fluid identification results.
基金This preject is supported by China coal science fundation
文摘Coal and methane outburst is one of the harmful disasters in coal mines. We have studied the rheological properties of gaseous coal in laboratory and obtained its rheological fracture principle. This principle can better explain and describe the outburst mechanism of gaseous coal. Thereby a rheological hypothesis of coal and methane outburst is put forward in this paper.
基金Projects(51274251,11502226)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Based on main physical and mechanical properties of deep-sea sediment from C-C poly-metallic nodule mining area in the Pacific Ocean, the best sediment simulant was successfully prepared by mixing bentonite with a certain content of water. Compression-shear coupling rheological constitutive model of the sediment simulant was established by endochronic theory and the coupling rheological parameters were obtained by compressive and compression-shear creep tests. A new calculation formula of turning traction force of the tracked mining vehicle was first derived based on the coupling rheological model and consideration of pushing resistance and sinkage of the tracked mining vehicle. Effects of the turning velocity, crawler spacing and contacting length of crawler with deep-sea sediment on the turning traction force were analyzed. Research results can provide theoretical foundation for operation safety and optimal design of the tracked mining vehicle.
基金Supported by the National Key Science&Technology Projects during 13th Five-Year Plan(2016ZX05053-003)Young Scholars Development fund of SWPU(201499010121)
文摘It has been known that the productivity of artesian wells is strongly dependent on the rheological properties of crude oils. This work targets two deep artesian wells(>5000 m) that are producing heavy crude oil. The impacts of well conditions including temperature, pressure and shear rate, on the crude oil rheology were comprehensively investigated and correlated using several empirical rheological models. The experimental data indicate that this heavy oil is very sensitive to temperature as result of microstructure change caused by hydrogen bonding. The rheological behavior of the heavy oil is also significantly impacted by the imposed pressure, i.e., the viscosity flow activation energy(Eμ) gently increases with the increasing pressure. The viscosity–shear rate data are well fitted to the power law model at low temperature. However, due to the transition of fluid feature at high temperature(Newtonian fluid), the measured viscosity was found to slightly deviate from the fitting data. Combining the evaluated correlations, the viscosity profile of the heavy crude oil in these two deep artesian wells as a function of well depth was predicted using the oilfield producing data.
文摘This study reports research on pesticide suspension rheology and a new rheological parameter, the relative value of approach, which has great advantage for judging the physical stability of a pesticide suspension concentrate. Experiments showed that the system can form stable dispersions when the value of the relative value of approach (Sr) is less than 0.1.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50303003)
文摘The rheological properties of soy protein isolate （SPI） and polyurethane （PU） in the PAN/DMSO solution were investigated in this study. The results showed that all these solutions possessed pseudo-plastic solution properties. There are opposite effects of SPI and PU in the PAN/DMSO solution. Their apparent viscosity, degree of non-Newtonian fluid, and extent of structuralization of blend system increase with the addition of SPI, whereas, all of these decrease with the addition of PU. Moreover, the theological properties of PAN/DMSO solution were affected when SPI and PU were added equally, and SPI presented more effect when the proportion of ingredient was less, and PU presented more effect when the proportion of ingredient was more.
基金jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41030745,41271500)Key Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KZZDEW-10-4)+1 种基金Key"135"Project of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(NIGLAS2012135005)the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y4SL011036)
文摘The water quality of lakes can be degraded by excessive riverine nutrients.Riverine water quality generally varies depending on region and season because of the spatiotemporal variations in natural factors and anthropogenic activities.Monthly water quality measurements of eight water quality variables were analyzed for two years at 16 sites of the Tianmuhu watershed.The variables were examined using hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and factor analysis/principal component analysis(FA/PCA) to reveal the spatiotemporal variations in riverine nutrients and to identify their potential sources.HCA revealed three geographical groups and three periods.Two drainages comprising towns and large villages were the most polluted, six drainages comprising widely distributed tea plantations and orchards were moderately polluted, and eight drainages without the factors were the least polluted.The river was most polluted in June when the first heavy rain(daily rainfall > 50 mm) occurs after fertilization and the number of rainy days is most(monthly number of rainy days > 20 days).Moderate pollution was observed from October to May, during which morethan 60% of the total nitrogen fertilizer and all of the phosphorus fertilizer are applied to the cropland, the total manure is applied to tea plantations and orchards, and a monthly rainfall ranging from 0 mm to 164 mm occurs.The remaining months were characterized by frequent raining(i.e., number of rainy days per month ranged from 5 to 24) and little use of fertilizers, and were thus least polluted.FA/PCA identified that the greatest pollution sources were the runoff from tea plantations and orchards,domestic pollution and the surface runoff from towns and villages, and rural sewage, which had extremely high contributions of riverine nitrogen, phosphorus,and chemical oxygen demand, respectively.The tea plantations and orchards promoted by the agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) were not environmentally friendly.Riverine nitrogen is a major water pollution parameter in hilly watersheds affected by ACD, and this parameter would not be reduced unless its loss load through the runoff from tea plantations and orchards is effectively controlled.
基金Science and Technology Corporation Innovation Fund of China(02C26211100499) PH.D Program Fund(20020290011)
文摘In order to solve transport problems of industry solid,firstly,a new applicationnotion of pipeline transport was presented,that is to say,combining pretreatment andtransport with disposal techniques of industry solid waste.Secondly,the integrated dis-posal and transport system for industry solid waste was introduced,in particular,the oper-ating principles,equipment set-up,key technology and technical parameters.Next,thispaper illustrated the application of this integrated system.Such as it can transport coalsludge with sufficiently high solids content(about 72%～77%)and high apparent viscosity(about 1 000～3 000 Pa.s)directly by pipeline having no use for water and addition agent.Generally,the transport distance is about 1 000 m.This system has been successfullyused in innocuous disposition and efficient utilization of other industrial byproducts or solidwastes,such as city sludge and paper making waste.The integrated system causes nopollution to the environment for its complete seal and realizes protecting the environment,conserving the energy,promoting the development of cycling economic.Finally,the paperdiscussed the research works that were needed for studying such pipeline transport sys-tem and narrates the relevant condition and application status.
