流场尺寸对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响

流场的形状和尺寸是设计双极板的核心。合理的流场既要确保电极各处均能获得充足的反应剂供应,同时又要保证反应产物水的排出。研究了不同流场尺寸对质子交换膜燃料电池性能的影响。实验结果表明:在一定范围内,随着开孔率的增加,电极与流场本相及接触电阻也逐渐增加;开孔率相近时,这一电阻相差不大。在相同开孔率的情况下,沟槽尺寸越小,电池性能越好。

计算流场尺寸对风压系数影响的研究

计算流体动力学(CFD)技术已成为研究建筑结构风压系数的有效手段之一,但合理的风场构筑理论和构筑方法是准确模拟建筑结构风场的基础,对此研究成果不多。基于CFD软件,建立了单体方形建筑有限元分析模型,通过改变三维流场特征尺寸,研究了单体建筑物在不同流场断面高度、宽度,来流、尾流长度等尺寸效用下结构表面风压特征及风压系数变化规律。结果表明:流场高度主要影响迎风面的风压系数,流场宽度的变化主要影响结构迎风面以及结构两侧的风压系数分布,流场长度的影响集中在迎风面和背风面。研究结果可为此类建筑物合理使用数值风洞提供参考。

高超声速飞行器二维全尺寸流场数值模拟

基于有限体积法和Roe离散格式进行了数值计算,分析了不同马赫数和攻角下二维全尺寸飞行器的流场,模拟了发动机内部氢/空气燃料的燃烧反应。计算结果表明:设计马赫数条件下,通过采用三级楔形体(压缩角度8°/6°/7°)对气流进行压缩,能保证进气道有足够的气流捕获量,经过压缩后的高压气体与氢燃料充分混合反应,发动机能以良好的状态工作。

全钒液流电池中蛇型和插指型流道的对比

全钒液流电池因具有优异的安全性和超长的循环寿命,使其在规模储能领域具有广阔的应用前景。但钒电池较高的储能成本限制了它的规模化发展,大幅提高其功率密度进而降低储能成本是实现钒电池商业化的有效途径。流场是影响钒电池功率密度的关键部件之一,匹配的流场能够有效改善钒电池在高倍率放电时的浓差极化,从而实现较高的功率密度。但目前关于不同流场性能优劣的研究结论却存在较大分歧,严重影响了它们的工程化应用。本工作针对钒电池中最为常用的蛇型和插指型流道,通过仿真和实验相结合的方式系统地研究了比流量、流场尺寸对传质及电池性能的影响规律,并揭示了这两种流场在不同工况下得出不同甚至相反结论的根本原因。结果显示,在相同比流量下,电解液在蛇型流道电极内的流速远大于插指型流道,所以在低比流量下蛇型流道的性能明显好于插指型流道;增加比流量或提高流场尺寸均可提升电池的性能,由于插指型流道的临界流量大于蛇型流道,所以插指型流道性能的提升幅度明显大于蛇型流道,进而导致两种流场间的性能差异会随着比流量和流场尺寸的增加逐渐减小甚至出现性能反转。本工作不仅加深了对钒电池流场结构及其传质过程的认识,也为流场的工程化应用提供了依据和方向。

Movement of dispersed droplets of W/O emulsion in a uniform DC electrostatic field: Simulation on droplet coalescence

Considering the droplet coalescence, the motion of a group of dispersed droplets in W/O emulsion in a DC electric field is simulated. The simulation demonstrates the evolutions of droplet number, size as well as its distribution,local concentration distribution and droplet size-velocity relation with the applied time of electric field. The simulated average droplet size is roughly consistent with the experimental value. The simulated variation of droplet number with time under several applied voltages shows that increasing voltage is more effective for raising the rate of droplet coalescence than extending exerting time. However, with the further raise of applied voltage, the improvement in droplet coalescence rate becomes less significant. The evolution of simulated droplet size–velocity relationship with time shows that the inter-droplet electric repulsion force is very strong due to larger electric charge on the droplet under higher applied voltage, so that the magnitude and the direction of droplet velocity become more random, which looks helpful to droplet coalescence.

Analysis of chamber effect on intermittent pulsation

A numerical study was conducted to seek an optimized dimension of jet chamber in the pulsating impinging flow.The flow and heat transfer effect of the pulsation flow through a jet chamber was investigated.The numerical results indicate that heat transfer effective enhances near the stagnation region for the intermittent pulsed flow with jet chamber compared to that without jet chamber.Simulations of the flow through a jet chamber show that the heat transfer rate on the impingement surface is highly dependent on the velocity at the position which is really close to target surface.Examination of the velocity field suggests that the velocity exists a maximum value as the axis distance increases.In addition,the velocity at the jet hole is enlarged by the jet chamber due to the entrainment effect,and the velocity is amplified even greater as the size of the jet chamber becomes bigger.Nevertheless,the velocity declines quickly while the flow axis distance is more than a certain range,leading to poor heat transfer.Thus,intermittent pulsed flow with jet chamber is suggested as a method of improving heat transfer by employing larger dimensions of jet chamber for appropriate jet-to-surface spacing.

Direct numerical simulation of turbulent flow over backward-facing at high Reynolds numbers

Direct numerical simulation(DNS) was performed for the first time to study the flow over a backward-facing step at a high Reynolds number on a coarse grid.The flow over backward-facing step is the typical turbulent flow controlled by large eddy,in which the effect of small eddy could be negligible as an approximation.The grid dimension could easily satisfy the resolution requirement to describe the characteristics of a large eddy flow.Therefore,direct numerical simulation of N-S equations to obtain the turbulent flow field on the coarse grid could be realized.Numerical simulation of a two-dimensional flow over a backward-facing step at a Reynolds number Re=44000 was conducted using Euler-Lagrange finite element scheme based on the efficient operator-splitting method(OSFEM).The flow field was descretized by triangle meshes with 16669 nodes.The overall computational time only took 150 min on a PC.Both the characteristics of time-averaged and instantaneous turbulent flow were simultaneously obtained.The analysis showed that the calculated results were in good agreement with the test data.Hence,the DNS approach could become the reality to solve the complex turbulent flow with high Reynolds numbers in practical engineering.

Effect of Plate Position and Size for Self-Induced Flow Oscillation of Underexpanded Supersonic Jet Impinging on Perpendicular Plate

When the underexpanded supersonic jet impinges on the obstacle, it is well known that the self-induced flow oscillation occurs at the specific condition of the pressure ratio in the flowfield, the position of an obstacle and so on. This oscillation is related with the noise problems of aeronautical and other industrial engineering so that the characteristic and the mechanism of self-induced flow oscillation have to be cleared to control the various noise problems. But, it seems that the characteristics of the oscillated flowfield and the mechanism of oscillation have to be more clear to control the oscillation. This paper aims to clarify the effect of the plate position and the width for the self-induced flow oscillation of an underexpanded supersonic jet impinging on the perpendicular plate by the experiment and the numerical analysis. From the results, it is clear that the occurring domain of the self-induced flow oscillation and its dimension strongly depend on the plate position and the width.