水平井中油水两相流型流态的识别模型

水平井中油水两相流是一个复杂的非线性系统,针对传统的统计特征方法难以应用于油水两相流流型流态的识别,因此,本文基于HHT变换与SVM相结合的方法,对水平模拟管道测量得到的非线性复杂信号进行流型流态的识别。首先对利用HHT具有自适应的分解方式对原始信号进行变换,提取出信号的特征变量,解决信号的非线性和随机性问题,再利用SVM进行流型流态的分类识别。利用该方法在水平模拟井上对油水两相流型进行了研究,仿真结果表明,HHT和SVM在多相流流型流态的识别中可以起到良好的应用,对流型的识别的正确率也较高。

基于同轴线相位法的多相流仿真分析系统设计

在采油高含水期,为适应水平井采油及产出剖面测井的需要,开展了油水两相流流型流态的实验研究,为分析油水两相流流型流态对仪器响应的影响特性,设计了一套系统分析油水两相流的流型流态,采用希尔伯特黄变换和复杂性测度的方法分析对比数据,并用人工神经网络SVM的方式进行预测仿真,为更进一步分析流型流态对测井仪器的响应性能。采用可移植的、轻量级的方式,设计研发了一种同轴相位传感器的流型流态模拟分析系统软件,仿真结果表明,上述系统能适应分析需求,能够快速识别流型,对研究流型流态对仪器响应的影响提供了借鉴。

水平气井斜井段气流携液分析研究

水平气井斜井段气流携液最为困难,气流携液状况较为复杂,现有携液模型不够准确。鉴于此,本文利用室内多相管流实验及理论分析相结合的方法,针对斜井段气流携液开展了特定研究。研究发现,斜井段气流携液处于段塞流向扰动流转变的临界状态;井筒中持液率随产气量的减小而增大,随管倾角的增加而呈现先增大后减小的趋势;建立的斜井段临界新模型经现场验证,其预测准确度高,平均误差小(2.16%)。本文的研究可为水平气井实施排液采气工艺措施提供科学依据,为实际生产过程提供一定的理论参考。

气液两相流管流压降计算理论综述

本文综述了石油开采工业中气液两相压降计算理论的主要发展及研究成果,从早期的借鉴单相流计算方法,到目前广泛采用的依据流型和流态、考虑流体与管道和气液相面相互作用的理论,阐述了摩阻系数的计算方法,以便为气—液两相流管道的设计提供理论依据。

大位移井井眼净化的理论与方法

井眼净化是否良好直接影响到井眼摩阻、轨迹控制、钻井效率和安全钻井,直接关系到大位移钻井的成败,因此,井眼净化是大位移钻井的关键技术之一。从工程施工所需参数的角度定性的讨论衡量井眼净化的4个基本判别准则、从理论上推导出适用于现场井眼净化的一套计算方法,且分井段的讨论了在保证井眼净化良好条件下的临界机械钻速计算,并把井眼净化准则、相关计算和有关经验结合起来,得出了大位移井井眼净化工作程序,对现场施工具有指导意义。

Flow field simulation and establishment for mathematical models of flow area of spool valve with sloping U-shape notch machined by different methods

Precise function expression of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice versus the spool stroke was derived. The computational fluid dynamics was used to analyze the flow features of the sloping U-shape notch on the spool, such as mass flow rates, flow coefficients, effiux angles and steady state flow forces under different operating conditions. At last, the reliability of the mathematical model of the flow area for the sloping U-shape notch orifice on the spool was demonstrated by the comparison between the orifice area curve derived and the corresponding experimental data provided by the test. It is presented that the bottom arc of sloping U-shape notch （ABU） should not be omitted when it is required to accurately calculate the orifice area of ABU. Although the theoretical flow area of plain bottom sloping U-shape notch （PBU） is larger than that of ABU at the same opening, the simulated mass flow and experimental flow area of ABU are both larger than these of PBU at the same opening, while the simulated flow force of PBU is larger than that of ABU at the same opening. Therefore, it should be prior to adapt the ABU when designing the spool with proportional character.

Characterizing and Analyzing the Airflow Field inside the Nozzle Block of Murata Vortex Spinning

A three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model is developed by software Fluent 6.2, to simulate the flow field inside the nozzle block of the Murata vortex spinning. The flowing state and the distribution law of static pressure and velocity are characterized and analyzed. The relationship between the flowing state and the structure of the vortex spun yarn is also discussed. The research results can enhance the understanding of the yarn formation principle from viewpoint of the airflow field law inside the nozzle block of Murata vortex spinning.

Numerical Prediction of Flow Patterns after Various Pipe Fittings

An accurate prediction of flows using CFD depends on a large number of factors. In addition to discretizing the flow region, the correct definition of boundary or initial conditions and the choice of suitable numerical methods, the applied turbulence model influences the results of the flow simulation to a great extent. Therefore, a validation of the results with the experimental data is of great importance for a correct selection of a turbulence model. It is the scope of this paper to assess different turbulence models for the simulation of pipe flows. The calculation results of pipe flows through a combination of 90~ elbows and a 1/3 segmental orifice are compared with experimental measurement results. This has the advantage that the suitability of the turbulence models for simulating both shear and swirl flows can be investigated. Thus, the k-ω, k-ε model and the Launder Reece Rodi Reynolds stress model are compared with each other and experimental results. Furthermore, this investigation is extended through including a much more c detached-eddy simulation. This model provides better prediction of the flow by resolving the large eddies and modeling the small ones. The experimental results originate from LDV measurements over the entire pipe cross-section. This measuring method provides velocity vectors over the measured surface.

Dynamic Visualization Approach of the Multiphase Flow Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography

Identifying the flow patterns is vital for understanding the complicated physical mechanisms in multiphase flows.For this purpose,electrical capacitance tomography(ECT) technique is considered as a promising visualization method for the flow pattern identification,in which image reconstruction algorithms play an important role.In this paper,a generalized dynamic reconstruction model,which integrates ECT measurement information and physical evolution information of the objects of interest,was presented.A generalized objective functional that simultaneously considers the spatial constraints,temporal constraints and dynamic evolution information of the objects of interest was proposed.Numerical simulations and experiments were implemented to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.For the cases considered in this paper,the proposed algorithm can well reconstruct the flow patterns,and the quality of the reconstructed images is improved,which indicates that the proposed algorithm is competent to reconstruct the flow patterns in the visualization of multiphase flows.

Numerical Analysis of Emergency River Restoration Scheme for Qingping Mega Debris Flow

The mega debris flow occurred on August 13 th 2010 in Qingping town,China(hereafter called '8.13' Debris Flow) have done great damage to the local habitants as well as to the re-construction projects in the quake-hit areas,and the channel-fill deposit problem caused by the debris flow was the most destructive.Moreover,it is of high possibility that an even severe deposit problem would reappear and result in worse consequences.In order to maximize risk reduction of this problem,relevant departments of the government established a series of emergency river restoration schemes,for which the numerical analysis is an important procedure to evaluate and determine the optimized one.This study presents a numerical analysis by applying a twodimensional debris flow model combined with a relevant water-sediment model to simulate the deposit during the progress of the debris flow,and to calculate and analyze the river flow field under both the present condition and different restoration conditions.The results show that the debris flow model,which takes the confluence of the Wenjia Gully to the main river into account,could simulate the deposit process quite well.In the reproduced debris flow from the simulation of the '8.13' Debris Flow,the original river flow path has switched to a relatively lower place just along the right bank with a high speed of near 7m.s-1 after being blocked by the deposit,which is highly hazardous.To prevent this hazard,a recommended scheme is derived through inter-comparison of different restoration conditions.It shows that the recommended scheme is able to reduce the water level and as well to regulate the flow path.Based on the given conditions of the mainstream and the tributary confluence for the simulated '8.13' Debris Flow,when encountering a debris flow with deposit volume less than 0.5 million m3,the river channel can endure a 20-year return flood;however,when the deposit volume increases to 2 million m3,the flood capacity of the river will be greatly impacted and the scheme becomes invalid.The recommended scheme supported by the present study has been applied to the emergency river restoration after this mega-debris flow.

Performance Analysis of Mini Centrifugal Pump with Splitter Blades

Design method for a mini centrifugal pump is not established because the internal flow condition for these small-sized fluid machines is not clarified and conventional theory is not suitable for small-sized pumps. Then, a semi-open impeller for the mini centrifugal pump with 55mm impeller diameter is adopted in this research to take simplicity and maintenance into consideration. Splitter blades are adopted in this research to improve the performance and internal flow condition of mini centrifugal pump having large blade outlet angle. The performance tests are conducted with these rotors in order to investigate the effect of the splitter blades on the performance and internal flow condition of the mini centrifugal pump. A three dimensional steady numerical flow analysis is conducted to analyze rotor, volute efficiency and loss caused by a vortex. It is clarified from the experimental results that the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is improved by the effect of the splitter blades. Flow condition at outlet of the rotor becomes uniform and back flow regions are suppressed in the case with the splitter blades.Further, the volute efficiency increases and the vortex loss decreases. In the present paper, the performance of the mini centrifugal pump is shown and the flow condition is clarified with the results of the experiment and the numerical flow analysis. Furthermore, the performance analyses of the mini centrifugal pumps with and without the splitter blades are conducted.

A distributed scheme developed for eco-hydrological modeling in the upper Heihe River

Modeling the hydrological processes at catchment scale requires a flexible distributed scheme to represent the catchment to- pography, river network and vegetation pattern. This study has developed a distributed scheme for eco-hydrological simulation in the upper Heihe River. Based on a 1 km x 1 km grid system, the study catchment is divided into 461 sub-catchments, whose main streams form the streamflow pathway. Furthermore, a 1 km grid is represented by a number of topographically similar ＂hillslope-valley＂ systems, and the hillslope is the basic unit of the eco-hydrological simulation. This model is tested with a simplified hydrological simulation focusing on soil-water dynamics and streamflow routing. Based on a 12-year simulation from 2001 to 2012, it is found that variability in hydrological behavior is closely associated with climatic and landscape condi- tions especially vegetation types. The subsurface and groundwater flows dominate the total river runoff. This implies that the soil freezing and thawing process would significantly influence the runoff generation in the upper Heihe basin. Furthermore, the runoff components and water balance characteristics vary among different vegetation types, showing the importance of coupling the vegetation pattern into catchment hydrological simulation. This paper also discusses the model improvement to be done in future study.

Numerical simulation of leading edge cavitation within the whole flow passage of a centrifugal pump

In this paper, the periodically unsteady pressure field and head-drop phenomenon caused by leading edge cavitation have been investigated numerically by computational fluid dynamics （CFD） in a single stage centrifugal pump. A CFD model for cavita- tion steady and unsteady simulation has been calculated using the κ-ω SST turbulence model combining with a multiphase ap- proach, based on a homogeneous model assumption. A truncated form of Rayleigh-Plesset equation is used as a source term for the inter-phase mass transfer. The CFD computational region includes the suction cone, impeller, side chambers and volute, as well as suction and pressure pipes. The results were compared with experimental data under non-cavitation and cavitation conditions and a good agreement was obtained for the global performance, the experimental data of the head and the efficiency are 34.04 m and 74.42% at BEP, respectively, the predicted head is 34.31 m and the predicted efficiency is 73.75%. The analy- sis of inner flow pattern shows that the vortex flow generation in the rear of cavity region is the main reason of the head-drop. Obvious increasing can be observed for the amplitude of the pressure fluctuation at the blade passing frequency with different cavitation situations, and subpeak can be found. Besides, the effects of unsteady flow in the side chambers cannot be neglected for accurately predicting the inner flow of the pump. These results imply that this numerical method is suitable for the cavitat- ing flow in the pump.