In Iran, and in order to encourage local watershed management, community based organizations (CBO) like "cooperatives of watershed", "construction groups" and "watershed management groups" have been establishe...In Iran, and in order to encourage local watershed management, community based organizations (CBO) like "cooperatives of watershed", "construction groups" and "watershed management groups" have been established to obtain resident's cooperation in activities eormeeted with protection, reclamation and exploitation of natural resources in the basins that lead to sustainability within watershed management. This study was done as a ease study to explore the role of Remeleh Group (RG) as a CBO in the management of the "Kharkheh" sub-basin. Participatory action and learning method was used. Participatory tools including natural resources mapping, flow diagram, transect walk, semi-structured interview and brainstorming were applied. Making the conclusion, it was found that the CBO of Remeleh Group cause: (1) Enhancement of social capital through encouraging cooperation and participatory practices, creating new communication among local residents and outsiders, reducing conflicts and promoting the solidarity among communities in the sub basin of Karldaeh; (2) Sustain livelihood and economic situation through agricultural intensification and livelihood diversification (gardening and agriculture together and reducing migration); (3) Conservation of environmental and natural recourses via the implementation of watershed activities like vine, terracing, bunding and destocking, seedling, and check dams; (4) Empower local people through carrying out training on the watershed practices.展开更多
Arsenic (As) is one of the most important elemental pollutants in groundwater and drinking water because it causes health problem of arsenicosis after consumption of drinking arsenic-rich water more than 5-10 years....Arsenic (As) is one of the most important elemental pollutants in groundwater and drinking water because it causes health problem of arsenicosis after consumption of drinking arsenic-rich water more than 5-10 years. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is an emerging issue in Mekong Basin including Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. In Thailand, information about arsenic contamination in drinking water resources are quite rare due to that arsenic is not the main element in water qualification assay. The objective of this study is to determine groundwater quality and arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 different sampling points, between August 2009 and February 2010 in Amphoe Khemmarat, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater were determined. It was observed that the groundwater was 27.9-30.3 ~C, pH 5.7-6.9. The conductivity was 707-767 p.S.cm". Dissolved oxygen was 2.04-5.12 mg.L-1 and TDS was 352-384 mg.L~. The samples showed soft- to very hardness-water properties. In some area, few parameters like CI, Fe, Mn, and As exceeded the WHO guideline limits. This result represents basic information for quality of groundwater and the arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Thus, it is probably useful for arsenic standard level assignment and public health authorities. Moreover, it also leads to establish research activity in treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for different purposes展开更多
文摘In Iran, and in order to encourage local watershed management, community based organizations (CBO) like "cooperatives of watershed", "construction groups" and "watershed management groups" have been established to obtain resident's cooperation in activities eormeeted with protection, reclamation and exploitation of natural resources in the basins that lead to sustainability within watershed management. This study was done as a ease study to explore the role of Remeleh Group (RG) as a CBO in the management of the "Kharkheh" sub-basin. Participatory action and learning method was used. Participatory tools including natural resources mapping, flow diagram, transect walk, semi-structured interview and brainstorming were applied. Making the conclusion, it was found that the CBO of Remeleh Group cause: (1) Enhancement of social capital through encouraging cooperation and participatory practices, creating new communication among local residents and outsiders, reducing conflicts and promoting the solidarity among communities in the sub basin of Karldaeh; (2) Sustain livelihood and economic situation through agricultural intensification and livelihood diversification (gardening and agriculture together and reducing migration); (3) Conservation of environmental and natural recourses via the implementation of watershed activities like vine, terracing, bunding and destocking, seedling, and check dams; (4) Empower local people through carrying out training on the watershed practices.
文摘Arsenic (As) is one of the most important elemental pollutants in groundwater and drinking water because it causes health problem of arsenicosis after consumption of drinking arsenic-rich water more than 5-10 years. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is an emerging issue in Mekong Basin including Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. In Thailand, information about arsenic contamination in drinking water resources are quite rare due to that arsenic is not the main element in water qualification assay. The objective of this study is to determine groundwater quality and arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 different sampling points, between August 2009 and February 2010 in Amphoe Khemmarat, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater were determined. It was observed that the groundwater was 27.9-30.3 ~C, pH 5.7-6.9. The conductivity was 707-767 p.S.cm". Dissolved oxygen was 2.04-5.12 mg.L-1 and TDS was 352-384 mg.L~. The samples showed soft- to very hardness-water properties. In some area, few parameters like CI, Fe, Mn, and As exceeded the WHO guideline limits. This result represents basic information for quality of groundwater and the arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Thus, it is probably useful for arsenic standard level assignment and public health authorities. Moreover, it also leads to establish research activity in treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for different purposes