Arsenic （As） is one of the most important elemental pollutants in groundwater and drinking water because it causes health problem of arsenicosis after consumption of drinking arsenic-rich water more than 5-10 years....Arsenic （As） is one of the most important elemental pollutants in groundwater and drinking water because it causes health problem of arsenicosis after consumption of drinking arsenic-rich water more than 5-10 years. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is an emerging issue in Mekong Basin including Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. In Thailand, information about arsenic contamination in drinking water resources are quite rare due to that arsenic is not the main element in water qualification assay. The objective of this study is to determine groundwater quality and arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 different sampling points, between August 2009 and February 2010 in Amphoe Khemmarat, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater were determined. It was observed that the groundwater was 27.9-30.3 ~C, pH 5.7-6.9. The conductivity was 707-767 p.S.cm＂. Dissolved oxygen was 2.04-5.12 mg.L-1 and TDS was 352-384 mg.L~. The samples showed soft- to very hardness-water properties. In some area, few parameters like CI, Fe, Mn, and As exceeded the WHO guideline limits. This result represents basic information for quality of groundwater and the arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Thus, it is probably useful for arsenic standard level assignment and public health authorities. Moreover, it also leads to establish research activity in treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for different purposes展开更多
The important role of Three Gorges Project (TGP) in the flood management of the Yangtze River Basin is summarized.The Optimal Regulation Schemes of the Three Gorge Reservoir is briefly described.The flood regulation e...The important role of Three Gorges Project (TGP) in the flood management of the Yangtze River Basin is summarized.The Optimal Regulation Schemes of the Three Gorge Reservoir is briefly described.The flood regulation effect of TGP is analyzed.Typical issues related to reservoir operation for flood regulation are discussed and suggestions are put forward for the future work.展开更多
The over-exploitation of water resources in the Haihe River Basin （HRB） has now become a serious problem. This is clearly evidenced by the fact that many local rivers and lakes are drying up and the total amount of ...The over-exploitation of water resources in the Haihe River Basin （HRB） has now become a serious problem. This is clearly evidenced by the fact that many local rivers and lakes are drying up and the total amount of over-exploited groundwater has reached over 1000×10^8m^3. It is important to note that the exploitation of water resources in HRB was reasonable before 1979. After 1980, however, over-exploitation happened with an annual average amount of 40×10^8m^3. Both the dry season and rapid economic growth in HRB took place at the same time. Therefore, the over-exploitation of water in HRB was actually the negative result of the conjunction of a continuous dry season and rapid economic growth. So the over-exploitation would not be as serious as it is today if either of the above two stopped. After the first stage of south-to-north water transfer project, the water shortage problem in HRB could be eased for the following reasons： firstly, water transfer project will bring to the Basin 60x108m3 water resources; secondly, a wet season will come back eventually according to natural law of climate variability; finally, its agricultural and industrial use and total water consumption all have decreased from the peak value, so that the groundwater table will raise certainly and ecological water in rivers and lakes that were dried-up will be partly restored. In the future, the main problem of water resources security in HRB will include water pollution, operation risk of the south-to-north water transfer project, groundwater pollution and engineering geological hazards that may be brought by groundwater rise. The proposed countermeasures are as follows： keeping strengthening water demand management, raising water price as well as subsidies for the low- income family and improving other water related policies, preventing and dealing with water pollution seriously and getting fully prepared for the operation of south-to-north water transfer project.展开更多
The northern Batinah occupies approximately 12,150 km2 in the north of Oman Quaternary deposits and Neogene＇s upper Fats form the aquifer units. MODFLOW compatible MT3D was used for simulation development of the area...The northern Batinah occupies approximately 12,150 km2 in the north of Oman Quaternary deposits and Neogene＇s upper Fats form the aquifer units. MODFLOW compatible MT3D was used for simulation development of the area. It can be concluded that： （1） The groundwater in the Batinah area generally flows from the south-west to the gulf of Oman in the north-east; （2） Recharge takes place through direct recharge from rainfall and wadi flow by about 902 ×10^3 ma/day; （3） The hydraulic conductivity attains a relatively wide range between 0.02 m/day and 78 m/day and 0.02 m/day and 60 m/day for the Quaternary and Fars respectively; （4） There is probably less potential for groundwater abstraction in the northern part of the area; （5） The water level decreased by about 6 m over 24 years and （6） The increase of salinity most likely due to a contribution of sea water intrusion from the gulf along the coast. It is recommended that： （1） automatic well control system should be installed to accurate measurements of abstraction; （2） further analysis under different future scenarios should be made and （3） formulate an integrated management plan for the basin.展开更多
Flood classification is an effective way to improve flood forecasting accuracy. According to the opposite unity mathematical theorem in Variable Sets theory, this paper proposes a Variable Sets principle and method fo...Flood classification is an effective way to improve flood forecasting accuracy. According to the opposite unity mathematical theorem in Variable Sets theory, this paper proposes a Variable Sets principle and method for flood classification, which is based on the mathematical theorem of dialectics basic laws. This newly proposed method explores a novel way to analyze and solve engineering problems by utilizing a dialectical thinking. In this paper, the Tuwei River basin, located in the Yellow River tributary, is taken as an example for flood classification. The results obtained in this study reveal the problems in a previous method—Set Pair Analysis classification method. The variable sets method is proven to be theoretically rigorous, computationally simple. The classification results are objective, accurate and consistent with the actual situations. This study demonstrates the significant importance of using a scientifically sound method in solving engineering problems.展开更多
文摘Arsenic （As） is one of the most important elemental pollutants in groundwater and drinking water because it causes health problem of arsenicosis after consumption of drinking arsenic-rich water more than 5-10 years. Arsenic contamination of groundwater is an emerging issue in Mekong Basin including Cambodia, Vietnam, and Thailand. In Thailand, information about arsenic contamination in drinking water resources are quite rare due to that arsenic is not the main element in water qualification assay. The objective of this study is to determine groundwater quality and arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Groundwater samples were collected from 20 different sampling points, between August 2009 and February 2010 in Amphoe Khemmarat, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand. Physical and chemical characteristics of groundwater were determined. It was observed that the groundwater was 27.9-30.3 ~C, pH 5.7-6.9. The conductivity was 707-767 p.S.cm＂. Dissolved oxygen was 2.04-5.12 mg.L-1 and TDS was 352-384 mg.L~. The samples showed soft- to very hardness-water properties. In some area, few parameters like CI, Fe, Mn, and As exceeded the WHO guideline limits. This result represents basic information for quality of groundwater and the arsenic contamination in rural Mekong Basin, Ubon Ratchathani. Thus, it is probably useful for arsenic standard level assignment and public health authorities. Moreover, it also leads to establish research activity in treatment of arsenic-contaminated groundwater for different purposes
文摘The important role of Three Gorges Project (TGP) in the flood management of the Yangtze River Basin is summarized.The Optimal Regulation Schemes of the Three Gorge Reservoir is briefly described.The flood regulation effect of TGP is analyzed.Typical issues related to reservoir operation for flood regulation are discussed and suggestions are put forward for the future work.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Fund of China (40971298)
文摘The over-exploitation of water resources in the Haihe River Basin （HRB） has now become a serious problem. This is clearly evidenced by the fact that many local rivers and lakes are drying up and the total amount of over-exploited groundwater has reached over 1000×10^8m^3. It is important to note that the exploitation of water resources in HRB was reasonable before 1979. After 1980, however, over-exploitation happened with an annual average amount of 40×10^8m^3. Both the dry season and rapid economic growth in HRB took place at the same time. Therefore, the over-exploitation of water in HRB was actually the negative result of the conjunction of a continuous dry season and rapid economic growth. So the over-exploitation would not be as serious as it is today if either of the above two stopped. After the first stage of south-to-north water transfer project, the water shortage problem in HRB could be eased for the following reasons： firstly, water transfer project will bring to the Basin 60x108m3 water resources; secondly, a wet season will come back eventually according to natural law of climate variability; finally, its agricultural and industrial use and total water consumption all have decreased from the peak value, so that the groundwater table will raise certainly and ecological water in rivers and lakes that were dried-up will be partly restored. In the future, the main problem of water resources security in HRB will include water pollution, operation risk of the south-to-north water transfer project, groundwater pollution and engineering geological hazards that may be brought by groundwater rise. The proposed countermeasures are as follows： keeping strengthening water demand management, raising water price as well as subsidies for the low- income family and improving other water related policies, preventing and dealing with water pollution seriously and getting fully prepared for the operation of south-to-north water transfer project.
文摘The northern Batinah occupies approximately 12,150 km2 in the north of Oman Quaternary deposits and Neogene＇s upper Fats form the aquifer units. MODFLOW compatible MT3D was used for simulation development of the area. It can be concluded that： （1） The groundwater in the Batinah area generally flows from the south-west to the gulf of Oman in the north-east; （2） Recharge takes place through direct recharge from rainfall and wadi flow by about 902 ×10^3 ma/day; （3） The hydraulic conductivity attains a relatively wide range between 0.02 m/day and 78 m/day and 0.02 m/day and 60 m/day for the Quaternary and Fars respectively; （4） There is probably less potential for groundwater abstraction in the northern part of the area; （5） The water level decreased by about 6 m over 24 years and （6） The increase of salinity most likely due to a contribution of sea water intrusion from the gulf along the coast. It is recommended that： （1） automatic well control system should be installed to accurate measurements of abstraction; （2） further analysis under different future scenarios should be made and （3） formulate an integrated management plan for the basin.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51209032, 50779005)
文摘Flood classification is an effective way to improve flood forecasting accuracy. According to the opposite unity mathematical theorem in Variable Sets theory, this paper proposes a Variable Sets principle and method for flood classification, which is based on the mathematical theorem of dialectics basic laws. This newly proposed method explores a novel way to analyze and solve engineering problems by utilizing a dialectical thinking. In this paper, the Tuwei River basin, located in the Yellow River tributary, is taken as an example for flood classification. The results obtained in this study reveal the problems in a previous method—Set Pair Analysis classification method. The variable sets method is proven to be theoretically rigorous, computationally simple. The classification results are objective, accurate and consistent with the actual situations. This study demonstrates the significant importance of using a scientifically sound method in solving engineering problems.
