论哈曼《警惕流民》之“骗”:流民身份探讨

作为流民文学的代表作品之一,托马斯·哈曼的《警惕流民》被认为是16世纪关于流民写作最完整的一部作品。哈曼塑造了一群以流浪、乞讨甚至盗窃、抢劫为生的流民,他们善于伪装、不劳而获、坐享其成,是统治阶级取缔的对象。本文从创作背景、写作立场和写作文体三个角度研究该文本,认为哈曼笔下的流民大多属于有主观劳动意愿的劳动性贫民,而非职业性流民。富贵出身的哈曼作为封建社会的卫道士,夸大了流民对社会的威胁。研究发现:《警惕流民》是一部历史纪实与想象虚构的文本,并不如作者本人所言,是一部关于流民的真实记录,文本存在很大的欺骗性。

Study of the Relationship Between the Organizational Climate and the Campus Ethical Issues of Universities across the Taiwan Strait

The study applied the approach of empirical studies to select 176 teachers in 9 universities in Taiwan and Inland in China to deliver questionnaires. The study intended to explore the influence of organizational climate on campus ethics and its diversity between the universities across the Taiwan strait. The study explored that the organizational climate in the universities across the Strait was not ethically high. Yet, the universities in Inland emphasized more on campus restraint in teachers behavior, job performance and their sense of belonging to the school.The study result demonstrated that improving leadership of the universities could enhance teachers identification with their schools and could promote the level of campus across the Strait.