In this paper, the authors establish the Amalab-integrated operation management system （A-IOMS） as a new way to carry out software development and monitor business processes. This new system puts the previously cons...In this paper, the authors establish the Amalab-integrated operation management system （A-IOMS） as a new way to carry out software development and monitor business processes. This new system puts the previously constructed the Amalab-project planning navigation system （A-PPNS） to work throughout the entire organization. The A-IOMS has several key elements. Specifically, the authors have constructed： （1） a Hi-reliability estimation system diagnostic tool that pinpoints problems with software development estimates and offers a prescription for resolving them; （2） a QA table map that allows for an immediate, thorough, and consistent quality assurance process; （3） a system for sharing software development schedules throughout the organization; and （4） a technological asset completion reporting system for passing down and cultivating software development technologies and strategically expanding them. The authors verified the effectiveness of the A-IOMS at company A, a systems integration company, and the given outcomes were obtained.展开更多
To meet the demands for highly advanced components with ultra precise contour accuracy and optical surface quality arising in the fields of photonics and optics, automotive, medical applications and biotechnology, con...To meet the demands for highly advanced components with ultra precise contour accuracy and optical surface quality arising in the fields of photonics and optics, automotive, medical applications and biotechnology, consumer electronics and renewable energy, more advanced production machines and processes have to be developed. As the complexity of machine tools rises steadily, the automation of manufacture increases rapidly, processes become more integrated and cycle times have to be reduced significantly, challenges of engineering efficient machine tools with respect to these demands expand every day. Especially the manufacture of freeform geometries with non-continuous and asymmetric surfaces requires advanced diamond machining strategies involving highly dynamic axes movements with a high bandwidth and position accuracy. Ultra precision lathes additionally equipped with Slow Tool and Fast Tool systems can be regarded as state-of-the-art machines achieving the objectives of high quality optical components. The mechanical design of such ultra precision machine tools as well as the mechanical integration of additional highly dynamic axes are very well understood today. In contrast to that, neither advanced control strategies for ultra precision machining nor the control integration of additional Fast Tool systems have been sufficiently developed yet. Considering a complex machine setup as a mechatronic system, it becomes obvious that enhancements to further increase the achievable form accuracy and surface quality and at the same time decrease cycle times and error sensitivity can only be accomplished by innovative, integrated control systems. At the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT a novel, fully integrated control approach has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of state-of-the-art machine controls for ultra precision processes. Current control systems are often realized as decentralized solutions consisting of various computational hardware components for setpoint generation, machine control, HMI （human machine interface）, Slow Tool control and Fast Tool control. While implementing such a distributed control strategy, many disadvantages arise in terms of complex communication interfaces, discontinuous safety structures, synchronization of cycle times and the machining accuracy as a whole. The novel control approach has been developed as a fully integrated machine control including standard CNC （computer numerical control） and PLC （programmable logic controller） functionality, advanced setpoint generation methods, an extended HMI as well as an FPGA （field programmable gate array）-based controller for a voice coil driven Slow Tool and a piezo driven Fast Tool axis. As the new control system has been implemented as a fully integrated platform using digital communication via EtherCAT, a continuous safety strategy could be realized, the error sensitivity and EMC susceptibility could be significantly decreased and the overall process accuracy from setpoint generation over path interpolation to axes movements could be enhanced. The novel control at the same time offers additional possibilities of automation, process integration, online data acquisition and evaluation as well as error compensation methods.展开更多
With the aid of symbolic computation Maple, the discrete Ablowitz–Ladik equation is studied via an algebra method, some new rational solutions with four arbitrary parameters are constructed. By analyzing related para...With the aid of symbolic computation Maple, the discrete Ablowitz–Ladik equation is studied via an algebra method, some new rational solutions with four arbitrary parameters are constructed. By analyzing related parameters, the discrete rogue wave solutions with alterable positions and amplitude for the focusing Ablowitz–Ladik equations are derived. Some properties are discussed by graphical analysis, which might be helpful for understanding physical phenomena in optics.展开更多
In order to explain criteria for periodical shedding of the cloud cavitation, flow patterns of cavitation around a piano-convex hydrofoil were observed using a cryogenic cavitation tunnel of a blowdown type. Two hydro...In order to explain criteria for periodical shedding of the cloud cavitation, flow patterns of cavitation around a piano-convex hydrofoil were observed using a cryogenic cavitation tunnel of a blowdown type. Two hydrofoils of similarity of 20 and 60 mm in chord length with two test sections of 20 and 60 mm in width were prepared. Working fluids were water at ambient temperature, hot water and liquid nitrogen. The parameter range was varied between 0.3 and 1.4 for cavitation number, 9 and 17 m/sec for inlet flow velocity, and -8° and 8° for the flow incidence angle, respectively. At incidence angle 8°, that is, the convex surface being suction surface, periodical shedding of the whole cloud cavitation was observed on the convex surface under the specific condition with cavitation number and inlet flow velocity, respectively, 0.5, 9 m/sec for liquid nitrogen at 192℃ and 1.4, 11 m/sec for water at 88℃, whereas under the supercavitation condition, it was not observable. Periodical shedding of cloud cavitation occurs only in the case that there are both the adverse pressure gradient and the slow flow region on the hydrofoil.展开更多
文摘In this paper, the authors establish the Amalab-integrated operation management system （A-IOMS） as a new way to carry out software development and monitor business processes. This new system puts the previously constructed the Amalab-project planning navigation system （A-PPNS） to work throughout the entire organization. The A-IOMS has several key elements. Specifically, the authors have constructed： （1） a Hi-reliability estimation system diagnostic tool that pinpoints problems with software development estimates and offers a prescription for resolving them; （2） a QA table map that allows for an immediate, thorough, and consistent quality assurance process; （3） a system for sharing software development schedules throughout the organization; and （4） a technological asset completion reporting system for passing down and cultivating software development technologies and strategically expanding them. The authors verified the effectiveness of the A-IOMS at company A, a systems integration company, and the given outcomes were obtained.
文摘To meet the demands for highly advanced components with ultra precise contour accuracy and optical surface quality arising in the fields of photonics and optics, automotive, medical applications and biotechnology, consumer electronics and renewable energy, more advanced production machines and processes have to be developed. As the complexity of machine tools rises steadily, the automation of manufacture increases rapidly, processes become more integrated and cycle times have to be reduced significantly, challenges of engineering efficient machine tools with respect to these demands expand every day. Especially the manufacture of freeform geometries with non-continuous and asymmetric surfaces requires advanced diamond machining strategies involving highly dynamic axes movements with a high bandwidth and position accuracy. Ultra precision lathes additionally equipped with Slow Tool and Fast Tool systems can be regarded as state-of-the-art machines achieving the objectives of high quality optical components. The mechanical design of such ultra precision machine tools as well as the mechanical integration of additional highly dynamic axes are very well understood today. In contrast to that, neither advanced control strategies for ultra precision machining nor the control integration of additional Fast Tool systems have been sufficiently developed yet. Considering a complex machine setup as a mechatronic system, it becomes obvious that enhancements to further increase the achievable form accuracy and surface quality and at the same time decrease cycle times and error sensitivity can only be accomplished by innovative, integrated control systems. At the Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT a novel, fully integrated control approach has been developed to overcome the drawbacks of state-of-the-art machine controls for ultra precision processes. Current control systems are often realized as decentralized solutions consisting of various computational hardware components for setpoint generation, machine control, HMI （human machine interface）, Slow Tool control and Fast Tool control. While implementing such a distributed control strategy, many disadvantages arise in terms of complex communication interfaces, discontinuous safety structures, synchronization of cycle times and the machining accuracy as a whole. The novel control approach has been developed as a fully integrated machine control including standard CNC （computer numerical control） and PLC （programmable logic controller） functionality, advanced setpoint generation methods, an extended HMI as well as an FPGA （field programmable gate array）-based controller for a voice coil driven Slow Tool and a piezo driven Fast Tool axis. As the new control system has been implemented as a fully integrated platform using digital communication via EtherCAT, a continuous safety strategy could be realized, the error sensitivity and EMC susceptibility could be significantly decreased and the overall process accuracy from setpoint generation over path interpolation to axes movements could be enhanced. The novel control at the same time offers additional possibilities of automation, process integration, online data acquisition and evaluation as well as error compensation methods.
基金Supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation under Grant No.1153004China Postdoctoral Science Foundation under Grant No.2015M570161the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.61471406
文摘With the aid of symbolic computation Maple, the discrete Ablowitz–Ladik equation is studied via an algebra method, some new rational solutions with four arbitrary parameters are constructed. By analyzing related parameters, the discrete rogue wave solutions with alterable positions and amplitude for the focusing Ablowitz–Ladik equations are derived. Some properties are discussed by graphical analysis, which might be helpful for understanding physical phenomena in optics.
文摘In order to explain criteria for periodical shedding of the cloud cavitation, flow patterns of cavitation around a piano-convex hydrofoil were observed using a cryogenic cavitation tunnel of a blowdown type. Two hydrofoils of similarity of 20 and 60 mm in chord length with two test sections of 20 and 60 mm in width were prepared. Working fluids were water at ambient temperature, hot water and liquid nitrogen. The parameter range was varied between 0.3 and 1.4 for cavitation number, 9 and 17 m/sec for inlet flow velocity, and -8° and 8° for the flow incidence angle, respectively. At incidence angle 8°, that is, the convex surface being suction surface, periodical shedding of the whole cloud cavitation was observed on the convex surface under the specific condition with cavitation number and inlet flow velocity, respectively, 0.5, 9 m/sec for liquid nitrogen at 192℃ and 1.4, 11 m/sec for water at 88℃, whereas under the supercavitation condition, it was not observable. Periodical shedding of cloud cavitation occurs only in the case that there are both the adverse pressure gradient and the slow flow region on the hydrofoil.
