The Relationship between Diet and Mortality of Cancer and Non-communicable Disease in Japan

Objective: To evaluate the effects of dietary factors on cancer and non-communicable diseases. Methods: A correlation analysis between the consumption of various indicator food and mortality rates of cancer or non-communicable diseases was conducted by collecting secondary data from national nutrition surveys in Japan. Results: The consumption of cereal foods, plant energy and plant protein showed a significant negative correlation with mortality of cancer, heart diseases and diabetes; negatively related to the lung cancer and colon cancer in both sexes; a strong negative correlation with mortality of rectum cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer in males, and of breast cancer in females; and a significant positive correlation with the stomach cancer in both sexes. The consumption of animal foods, animal energy, animal protein and fat showed a strong positive correlation with cancer, heart diseases and diabetes; a positive relations to lung cancer and colon cancer in both sexes, and rectum cancer, liver cancer and prostate cancer in males and breast cancer in females. On the contrary, a strong negative correlation was found in stomach cancer in both sexes; and esophagus cancer, liver cancer and uterus cancer in females. The consumption of vegetables and fruits showed a weak negative correlation with stomach cancer. Conclusion : The results suggest that diet not only plays a significant role in increasing the risks of some kinds of cancer or non-communicable diseases but also has a preventive effect. It is very important that dietary balance should be emphasized to prevent cancer and non-com-municable diseases.

1型糖尿病加速大脑衰老

美国《神经病学》杂志刊登的一项最新研究发现,1型糖尿病患者的大脑呈现衰老加速迹象,这与大脑处理信息速度变慢关联密切。新研究由美国匹兹堡大学公共卫生学院流行病学系副教授卡特里纳•罗萨诺博士及其同事完成。

Complete Genome Sequence Analysis of Duck Circovirus Strains from Cherry Valley Duck

To investigate molecular epidemiology of DuCV in Cherry Valley ducks in China, the complete genomes of six DuCV strains, which were detected from Cherry Valley ducks in China between 2007 and 2008, were sequenced. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis were carried out to compare these six strains with another 27 DuCV strains from Mulard duck, Muscovy duck, Pekin ducks and Mule duck. The analysis showed that the six DuCV strains exhibited typical genetic features of the family of DuCV, such as a stem-loop structure, three major open reading frames (Rep, Cap and ORF3), four intergenic repeats and the conserved motifs for rolling circle replication and for the dNTP binding domain located in the Rep protein. Phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the complete genome and Cap gene of these strains together with those that have been previously published demonstrated two distinct DuCV genotypes. The DuCV strains with complete genomes containing 1988 and 1989 nucleotides clustered in genotype A, whereas the strains with complete genomes containing 1991, 1992, 1995 and 1996 nucleotides lay in genotype B. The six DuCV strains from Cherry Valley ducks were divided into the two groups. The results of the study provides some insight into the variation of DuCVs in Cherry Valley ducks.

The Latest Progress in Varying-coefficient Models

Varying-coefficient models are a useful extension of classical linear model. They are widely applied to economics, biomedicine, epidemiology, and so on. There are extensive studies on them in the latest three decade years. In this paper, many of models related to varying-coefficient models are gathered up. All kinds of the estimation procedures and theory of hypothesis test on the varying-coefficients model are summarized. Prom my opinion, some aspects waiting to study are proposed.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus–Di?erences in Etiology, Epidemiology and Prevention

In Germany, esophageal carcinoma is one of the ten most frequent causes of death. Normally the disease is found in men over the age of 50. Although squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus has been more commonly diagnosed over the past 30 years, there is increasing incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) in Western industrialized countries. For SCC the known etiological risk factors are nicotine and alcohol abuse. For AC, they are moderate nicotine and alcohol consumption as well as gastro-esophageal re?ux and obesity.

Incidence of HBV variants with a mutation at nt551 among hepatitis B patients in Nanjing and its neighbourhood

AIM: To investigate the epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV) strains with a mutation at nt551 in surface gene among hepatitis B patients in Nanjing and its neighbourhood.METHODS: By using mutation-specific polymerase chain reaction (msPCR) established by our laboratory for amplifying HBV DNAs with a mutation at nt551, 117 serum samples taken from hepatitis B patients were detected.RESULTS: The results showed that 112 samples were positive for nt551A, 4 samples were positive for nt551G.One sample was positive for nt551T. No nt551C of HBV DNA was found. The incidence of HBsAg mutants with G,C, T, A at nt551 among 117 samples was 3.42%, 0%, 0.85%,95.73%, respectively.CONCLUSION: In Nanjing and its neighbourhood, hepatitis B patients are mainly infected with wild genotype HBV.The incidence of mutants with a mutation at nt551 in HBV genome is significantly lower than that in wild genotype HBV DNA (P＜0.01). The necessity of adding components of HBsAg mutants to HBV vaccine needs further investigation.

Analysis on Epidemiology Causality Relationship Theory under Food and Drug Safety Context

Violation of food and drug safety and other hazard crimes have the features of long latency and multiple factors. Traditional criminal law causality theory is no controversy to determine causality of criminal responsibility, thus it is necessary to introduce the epidemiology causality theory-it is a kind of causality theory based on epidemic diseases, and it is the high degree of probability in the determination of causality in criminal laws so as to solve the traditional attribution problem, but the theory also exists applicable restriction conditions in judicial practice.

Epidemiology and Mutational Analysis of Global Strains of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe illness with high fatality.Cases are reported in several countries in Africa,Europe,the Middle East,and Asia.Phylogenetic analyses based on the virus S (nucleocapsid),M (glycoprotein),and L (polymerase) genome segments sequences indicate distinct geographic lineages exist but their specific genetic characteristics require elucidation.In this work we collected all full length S segment sequences and generated a phylogenetic tree based on the alignment of these 62 samples.We then analyzed the alignment using entries from AAIndex,the Amino Acid Index database,to identify amino acid mutations that performed significant changes in charge,pka,hydropathy and side chain volume.Finally,we mapped these changes back to the tree and alignment to identify correlated mutations or sites that characterized a specific lineage.Based on this analysis we are able to propose a number of sites that appear to be important for virus function and which would be good candidates for experimental mutational analysis studies.

The Role of Social Networks in Health

The aim of this paper is to investigate how the social environment, composed also by social networks, influences health and what the role is. There is a reciprocal influence on that relation： as the networks can influence health, the health of a person contributes to networking with special features （may be groups of self-help from trained individuals with the same health problem）. Social networks have health effects, creating social support, access to health resources and social participation on welfare issues. Informal play a fundamental role in social support of people with little or no support systems. We must not, therefore, forget the importance that networks have to offer an effective social support by providing, for example, the needed caregivers, especially in the case of the chronically ill. An overall analysis is appropriate in addition to having a look at sociological type, and also considers epidemiological data. It＇s what we do in our text. By integrating sociological aspects with ones purely epidemiological, we attempt to show how social networks have an effective role in the social determinants of health. This paper will try to develop the topic with a multi-disciplinary approach focusing on the integration of the two disciplines.

研究发现母亲孕期吸烟可导致子代肿瘤死亡风险升高

《中华流行病学杂志》2024年第8期发表了南京医科大学公共卫生学院流行病学系庞官连等的《母亲孕期吸烟及子代遗传风险与全肿瘤死亡风险的队列研究》一文。吸烟是多种癌症常见的环境危险因素,致癌烟草烟雾成分和代谢物,如N-亚硝基化合物及其前体和尼古丁等已被证明可以穿过胎盘。

骨肿瘤新闻三则

父母职业接触易感因素与儿童患骨癌相关根据发表在《癌症流行病学》杂志上的文章,父母职业接触易感因素与儿童患骨癌风险相关。来自加利福尼亚大学菲尔丁公共卫生学院流行病学系、丹麦癌症协会研究中心和美国奥胡斯大学临床流行病学系的专家们研究了3,581例患者(<17岁)和35&100例年龄匹配的对照组孩子,从母亲怀孕到他们出生以及从他们出生到疾病确诊期间父母大量职业接触与孩子骨癌发生风险的相关性。结果发现,从怀孕到孩子出生以及孩子出生到疾病确诊期间母亲大量职业接触与骨癌发生风险呈负相关;而父亲在孩子出生到疾病确诊期间大量职业接触与孩子骨癌发生风险增加有关,农村地区尤其明显。

Epidemiological data on acupuncture and physical and rehabilitation medicine in the European Union

OBJETIVE: To know the prevalence of acupuncturists within physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists in Europe and their characteristics,as well as to analyze the pathologies treated and therapeutic techniques used.METHODS: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study based on a structured and closed questionnaire. The study was carried out from October 2011 to May 2014.RESULTS: A total of 115 specialists from 19 countries completed the questionnaire. The mean characteristics of the physical and rehabilitation medicine(PRM) specialists who are also acupuncturists in Europe were: women(62.6 %); mean age of47.91 years old; 4.20 years of physical and rehabilitation medicine school and 2.00 years of acupuncture training; 15.03 years of mean time of clinical practice as physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists and 10.42 years of experience as acupuncturists; 35.65 % had a doctorate(Ph D) degree,obtained at a mean age of 33.55 years old; working in a public hospital(80%); treating mainly neurological conditions(48.1%) and using mainly techniques such as kinesiotherapy(11.81%),orthosis(10.40%) and electrotherapy(9.92%). Acupuncture was applied by 32.2% of the participants mainly in musculoskeletal conditions(27.38%). A mean number of more than 20 patients a day were treated by47.04% of the specialists,being 41.8% of the patients(adults and children). Significant differences were found between the variables,acupuncture and gender(Pearson's correlation Index = 0.007).However,no differences were observed in relation to acupuncture and age,doctorate degree,years of clinical practice and workplace(all with P values >0.05).CONCLUSION: In the European area,physical and rehabilitation medicine specialists who are also acupuncturists are mainly female,middle-aged,with15 years of professional experience,Ph D holders,working in public hospitals,treating mainly neurological conditions with kinesiotherapy and acupuncture,and treating over 20 patients a day(adults and children) during a 7 h shift. Further epidemiological studies on PRM to provide more information regarding the real situation of this medical specialty and the possibility to open to Chinese traditional medicine techniques such as acupuncture are necessary.

CONDITIONS FOR UNIFORMLY NON-CONFOUNDING OF CAUSAL DISTRIBUTION EFFECTS OVER MULTIPLE COVARIATES

Causation is a distinct concept from association and more important than association inepidemiologic studies.This paper proposes the concept of uniform non-confounding for causal distributioneffects over multiple covariates,and gives the sufficient conditions for uniform non-confoundingover a covariate set C including confounders or non-confounders,and also shows the conditions forconditionally non-confounding in the subpopulations.All these conditions can be tested by observeddata.