The aim of this work is to evaluate how the building distribution influences the cooling effect of water bodies. Different turbulence models, including the S-A, SKE, RNG, Realizable, Low-KE and RSM model, were evaluat...The aim of this work is to evaluate how the building distribution influences the cooling effect of water bodies. Different turbulence models, including the S-A, SKE, RNG, Realizable, Low-KE and RSM model, were evaluated, and the CFD results were compared with wind tunnel experiment. The effects of the water body were detected by analyzing the water vapor distribution around it. It is found that the RNG model is the most effective model in terms of accuracy and computational economy. Next, the RNG model was used to simulate four waterfront planning cases to predict the wind, thermal and moisture environment in urban areas around urban water bodies. The results indicate that the building distribution, especially the height of the frontal building, has a larger effect on the water vapor dispersion, and indicate that the column-type distribution has a better performance than the enclosed-type distribution.展开更多
Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one ac...Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.展开更多
The purposes of this study are to compare the proteome of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains with that of O22, O155 and El Tot biotype epidemic strains, and to identifv whether O139 strains have a close relation with the la...The purposes of this study are to compare the proteome of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains with that of O22, O155 and El Tot biotype epidemic strains, and to identifv whether O139 strains have a close relation with the latter. Proteins of two V. cholerae serogroup O139 strains, two El Tor biotype epidemic strains, one O22 strain, and one O155 strain were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） ; the silver stained 2-DE gels were scanned with （ligital lmageScanner and analyzed with lmageMaster 2D Elite 3.10 software. Similarities of protein maps between these strains were analyzed. The two O139 strains had 86% proteins in common; the two El Tor biotype epidemie strains showed 84% proteins in common; O139 strains shared 67 % , 47 % and 45 % proteins with El Tor biotype epidemic strains, O22 and O 155 strains respectively. Although the proteome of O 139 strains have close similarity to that of El Tor biotype epidemic strains, great disparities exist. O139 strains may not originate from El Tor biotype directly, and a transition strain may exist.展开更多
In this paper, the dynamics behaviors on fo-δ parameter surface is investigated for Gledzer-Ohkitani- Yamada model We indicate the type of intermittency chaos transitions is saddle node bifurcation. We plot phase dia...In this paper, the dynamics behaviors on fo-δ parameter surface is investigated for Gledzer-Ohkitani- Yamada model We indicate the type of intermittency chaos transitions is saddle node bifurcation. We plot phase diagram on fo-δ parameter surface, which is divided into periodic, quasi-periodic, and intermittent chaos areas. By means of varying Taylor-microscale Reynolds number, we calculate the extended self-similarity of velocity structure function.展开更多
Dear Editor,Avian influenza viruses （AIVs） have posed a serious threat to poultry production and public health. To date, more than fourteen AIV subtypes that are able to infect human beings have been documented. Als...Dear Editor,Avian influenza viruses （AIVs） have posed a serious threat to poultry production and public health. To date, more than fourteen AIV subtypes that are able to infect human beings have been documented. Also, it is suggested that new subtypes may be reported in the future, owing to the migration of wild birds and live poultry transportation （Gao, 2018）.Poultry may act as a potential incubator for novel subtypes of avian influenza virus （Bi et al., 2016a; Bi et al., 2016b; Liu et al., 2014a; Su et al., 2017）. Up to date.展开更多
The nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model is inves- tigated in this paper. By using the comparison principle together with the weighted energy function, we obtain the exponential s...The nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model is inves- tigated in this paper. By using the comparison principle together with the weighted energy function, we obtain the exponential stability of traveling wavefront with large wave speed. The initial perturbation around the traveling wavefront decays exponen- tially as x → -∞, but it can be arbitrarily large in other locations.展开更多
基金Project(51438005)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘The aim of this work is to evaluate how the building distribution influences the cooling effect of water bodies. Different turbulence models, including the S-A, SKE, RNG, Realizable, Low-KE and RSM model, were evaluated, and the CFD results were compared with wind tunnel experiment. The effects of the water body were detected by analyzing the water vapor distribution around it. It is found that the RNG model is the most effective model in terms of accuracy and computational economy. Next, the RNG model was used to simulate four waterfront planning cases to predict the wind, thermal and moisture environment in urban areas around urban water bodies. The results indicate that the building distribution, especially the height of the frontal building, has a larger effect on the water vapor dispersion, and indicate that the column-type distribution has a better performance than the enclosed-type distribution.
文摘Trogocytosis is a rapid transfer between cells of membranes and associated proteins. Trogocytic exchanges have been investigated between different cell types, mainly in two-cell systems, involving one donor and one acceptor cell type. Here, we studied trogocytosis in a more complex system, involving not only several immune cell subsets but also multiple tumor cells. We show that CD4~ T cells, CD8＋ T cells and monocytes can acquire membrane patches and the intact proteins they contain from different tumor cells by multiple simultaneous trogocytoses. The trogocytic ca- pabilities of CD4~ and CD8~ T cells were found to be similar, but inferior to that of autologous monocytes. Activated peripheral-blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs） may also exchange membranes between themselves in an all-autolo- gous system. For this reason, monocytes are capable of acquiring membranes from multiple tumor cell sources, and transfer them again to autologous T cells, along with some of their own membranes （serial trogocytosis）. Our data illustrate the extent of membrane exchanges between autologous activated immune effector cells and their environ- ment, and how the cellular content of the local environment, including ＂bystander＂ cells, may impact the functions of immune effector cells.
文摘The purposes of this study are to compare the proteome of Vibrio cholerae O139 strains with that of O22, O155 and El Tot biotype epidemic strains, and to identifv whether O139 strains have a close relation with the latter. Proteins of two V. cholerae serogroup O139 strains, two El Tor biotype epidemic strains, one O22 strain, and one O155 strain were separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis （2-DE） ; the silver stained 2-DE gels were scanned with （ligital lmageScanner and analyzed with lmageMaster 2D Elite 3.10 software. Similarities of protein maps between these strains were analyzed. The two O139 strains had 86% proteins in common; the two El Tor biotype epidemie strains showed 84% proteins in common; O139 strains shared 67 % , 47 % and 45 % proteins with El Tor biotype epidemic strains, O22 and O 155 strains respectively. Although the proteome of O 139 strains have close similarity to that of El Tor biotype epidemic strains, great disparities exist. O139 strains may not originate from El Tor biotype directly, and a transition strain may exist.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation-the Science Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics (NSAF) under Grant No. 10576076the Major Projects of National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10335010
文摘In this paper, the dynamics behaviors on fo-δ parameter surface is investigated for Gledzer-Ohkitani- Yamada model We indicate the type of intermittency chaos transitions is saddle node bifurcation. We plot phase diagram on fo-δ parameter surface, which is divided into periodic, quasi-periodic, and intermittent chaos areas. By means of varying Taylor-microscale Reynolds number, we calculate the extended self-similarity of velocity structure function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81401312, 81373141, 81502857)National Grand Project on Prevention and Control of Major Infectious Diseases (2016ZX10004222-003)+3 种基金the intramural special grant for influenza virus research from the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJZD-EW-L15)George F. Gao is a leading principal investigator of the National Natural Science Foundation of China Innovative Research Group (81621091)Weifeng Shi is supported by the Taishan Scholars program of Shandong Province (ts201511056)Yuhai Bi is supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) (2017122)
文摘Dear Editor,Avian influenza viruses （AIVs） have posed a serious threat to poultry production and public health. To date, more than fourteen AIV subtypes that are able to infect human beings have been documented. Also, it is suggested that new subtypes may be reported in the future, owing to the migration of wild birds and live poultry transportation （Gao, 2018）.Poultry may act as a potential incubator for novel subtypes of avian influenza virus （Bi et al., 2016a; Bi et al., 2016b; Liu et al., 2014a; Su et al., 2017）. Up to date.
文摘The nonlinear stability of traveling waves for a multi-type SIS epidemic model is inves- tigated in this paper. By using the comparison principle together with the weighted energy function, we obtain the exponential stability of traveling wavefront with large wave speed. The initial perturbation around the traveling wavefront decays exponen- tially as x → -∞, but it can be arbitrarily large in other locations.
