The goal of this research is to describe and analyze Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period. Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period plays a special role in fashion history of China and Shanghai history. In the...The goal of this research is to describe and analyze Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period. Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period plays a special role in fashion history of China and Shanghai history. In the paper, three aspects including the fashion centre of China as well as Far East, men’s fashion and women’s fashion in Shanghai are discussed. The style, textiles, color, decoration and combination of clothing are described. Many costumes from the Clothing Museum at Donghua University and private collections as well as some historical writings, photographs and publications are elucidated and corroborated to give a more detailed description about Shanghai’s fashion during that period.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Shanghai had always been the fashion center in China even Far East during Republic Period. Modeng was the main reflection of Shanghai fashion. Secondly, the traditional clothing exerted less influence and was less widely used, some kinds and combinations were out of fashion gradually. The fashion was described to be highly stylized, exquisite and concise. Thirdly, the influence of Western Style was further greater. The fashion in Shanghai was almost synchronous with fashion of Paris. Some western clothing was directly used in daily life and the elements of Western Style had an increasingly wide utilization. Fourthly, the New Chinese Style whose representatives were Qipao and Zhongshan Zhuang appeared and popularized in Shanghai. The fashion of Qipao changed frequently. Finally, the fashion in Shanghai called Shanghai Style could be summarized fashionable, exquisite, rapidly changeable, which is harmonious of both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.展开更多
The antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo and the effect of the immune system of two fucoidan fractions with low molecular weight and different sulfate content from Laminaria japonica(LMW fucoidans) were investigate...The antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo and the effect of the immune system of two fucoidan fractions with low molecular weight and different sulfate content from Laminaria japonica(LMW fucoidans) were investigated in order to examine the possible mechanism. In vitro, I-type influenza virus, adenovirus and Parainfluenza virus I were used to infect Hep-2, Hela and MDCK cells, respectively. And 50% tissue culture infective dose was calculated to detect the antiviral activity of two LMW fucoidans. The results indicated that compared with the control group, 2 kinds of LMW fucoidans had remarkable antiviral activity in vitro in middle and high doses, while at low doses, the antiviral activity of 2 kinds of LMW fucoidans was not statistically different from that in the blank control group. And there was no statistically difference between two LMW fucoidans in antiviral activity. In vivo, LMW fucoidans could prolong the survival time of virus-infected mice, and could improve the lung index of virus-infected mice significantly, which have statistical differences with the control group significantly(p < 0.01). However, the survival time of the two LMW fucoidans was not statistically significant(p > 0.05). In this study, it was shown that both of two LMW fucoidans(LF1, LF2) could increase the thymus index, spleen index, phagocytic index, phagocytosis coefficient and half hemolysin value in middle and high doses, which suggested that LMW fucoidans could play an antiviral role by improving the quality of immune organs, improving immune cell phagocytosis and humoral immunity.展开更多
In the past five years, trendy information spread via imported renowned fashion magazines appeared unable to satisfy the industrial needs. Trend books from Milan and Paris have been introduced to big cities in China t...In the past five years, trendy information spread via imported renowned fashion magazines appeared unable to satisfy the industrial needs. Trend books from Milan and Paris have been introduced to big cities in China through official Chinese national agencies, and have gradually drawn more attention within the Chinese fashion industry. Chinese fashion businesses and their designers have difficulties in using the trend book. The main reason is that they don’t understand the whole structure re of the book, the true meaning of the instruction and the way to use the book. Most companies are not using the book in the correct way. However, if no one realizes this is not the right key to the real fashion design world, an incorrect design logic and abnormal production chain will appear in China which will directly produce an unhealthy impact to the country. It’s only possible to catch up and grasp the real European trend with Europe at the same time when the trend books are used correctly.展开更多
In order to identify the mixing and segregation behaviors in a mineral processing operation, present study aimed on the hydrodynamics of solid–liquid fluidization. The study was carried out in a fluidization column w...In order to identify the mixing and segregation behaviors in a mineral processing operation, present study aimed on the hydrodynamics of solid–liquid fluidization. The study was carried out in a fluidization column with tapings at different height of the bed to collect the sample. The binary particles considered in this study are hematite(4800 kg/m3) and quartz(2600 kg/m3) at different size fractions in the range of average size 87×10^(-6)m to 400×10^(-6)m. It is observed that for various binary mixtures, both quartz and hematite particles share the equal composition by mass(50%) at a particular height of fluidized bed, referred as ‘‘locus point'' of mixing. Study indicates that the mixing zone volume will increase for a continuous fluidized bed plant operation. It is observed that the number of locus points varies from 1 to 3 signifying their dependency on the size ratios of binary mixture. Whenever, the difference in terminal velocity between quartz and hematite particles approaches to zero, mixing is enhanced.Further, the present study is extended to find the segregation index for the different size ratios of quartz and hematite particles. It is evident that depending on the size ratios, various regions such as complete segregation, partial mixing and complete mixing can be observed.展开更多
On the basis of analysis on both the typical characteristics of Chinese traditional clothing and trendy fashion on present market that is inspired from it,this paper illustrates several re-creation methods of Chinese ...On the basis of analysis on both the typical characteristics of Chinese traditional clothing and trendy fashion on present market that is inspired from it,this paper illustrates several re-creation methods of Chinese traditional clothing.These suggestions would push this oriental traditional clothing to a new high in world fashion field and adopted by more and more common people.展开更多
The colour scheme of brand ready-made clothes, as an integral part of brand culture, is playing a more and more omportant role in modem brand ready-made clothes designing. The cultural background of Chinese clothing b...The colour scheme of brand ready-made clothes, as an integral part of brand culture, is playing a more and more omportant role in modem brand ready-made clothes designing. The cultural background of Chinese clothing brands was explored, the features of the interaction of colour, the design concept of colouring of the local Chinese brano clothes were discussed. International fashion trend was analysed, and both the psychological and social infuences on the colours of a certain season were discussed. In addition, we ought to investigate and study the late essential colours and the salable colours of our own brands, and summarize the clout systems that are practicable.展开更多
The separate-layer injection in different interlayers and the injection of the same-molecular-weight polymer so- lution in a layer are necessary in the polymer flooding process because of heterogeneous multilayer sand...The separate-layer injection in different interlayers and the injection of the same-molecular-weight polymer so- lution in a layer are necessary in the polymer flooding process because of heterogeneous multilayer sandstone reservoirs in EOR projects. To alleviate the matching problems between the layer permeability and the injected polymer molecular weight, a molecular weight adjusting device with porous medium was designed on the basis of mechanical degradation principle. In terms of four variables (polymer concentration, pore diameter, length of shear component and flow rate ), the theological behavior of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solu- tion flowing through the device was investigated in detail. The change of these variables is able to control the shear rate of HPAM solutions through ceramic foam, and achieve the desired degree of shear degradation and the final theological parameters-viscosity loss, viscoelasticity and pressure drop. Therefore, a linear relationship between viscosity loss and shearing rate was established so as to obtain the targeted viscosity easily. Field tests in the Daqing Oil Field showed that the polymer molecular weight could drop 20% to 50%. In a word, the results could guide the industrial application of the novel device and the further study of polymer degradation flowing through the porous medium.展开更多
Micro-rockets for propulsion of small spacecrafts exhibit significant differences with regard to their macroscale counterparts,mainly caused by the role of the viscous dissipation and heat transfer processes in the mi...Micro-rockets for propulsion of small spacecrafts exhibit significant differences with regard to their macroscale counterparts,mainly caused by the role of the viscous dissipation and heat transfer processes in the micron-sized scale.The goal of this work is to simulate the transient operation of a micro-rocket to investigate the effects of viscous heating on the flow and performance for four configurations of the expanding gas and wafer material.The modelling follows a multiphysics approach that solves the fluid and solid regions fully coupled.A contin- uum-based description that incorporates the effects of gas rarefaction through the micro-nozzle,viscous dissipa- tion and heat transfer at the solid-gas interface is presented.Non-equilibrium is addressed with the implementa- tion of a 2nd-order slip-model for the velocity and temperature at the walls.The results stress that solid-fluid cou- pling exerts a strong influence on the flowfield and performance as well as the effect of the wafer during the first instants of the transient in micro-rockets made of low and high thermal conductivity materials.展开更多
The effect of plasma actuator that uses saw-tooth or sine-wave shape electrodes on boundary layer flows is experimentally investigated.The measurement results are compared with a corresponding standard configuration (...The effect of plasma actuator that uses saw-tooth or sine-wave shape electrodes on boundary layer flows is experimentally investigated.The measurement results are compared with a corresponding standard configuration (conventional design using two rectangular strip electrodes)-the actuator that produces a nearly two-dimensional horizontal wall jet upon actuation.PIV measurements are used to characterize the actuators in a quiescent chamber.Operating in a steady manner,the new actuators result in the formation of streamwise and spanwise vortices.That is to say,the new actuators render the plasma actuators inducing three-dimensional variations in the shear layer,offering significant flexibility in flow control.The affected flowfield with the new actuators is significantly larger than that with the conventional linear actuators.While the conventional linear actuators affect primarily the boundary layer flow on a scale of about 1 cm above the wall,the new actuators affect the near wall region at a significantly larger scale.This new design broadens the applicability and enhances the flow control effects and it is potentially a more efficient flow control device.展开更多
文摘The goal of this research is to describe and analyze Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period. Shanghai’s fashion during Republic Period plays a special role in fashion history of China and Shanghai history. In the paper, three aspects including the fashion centre of China as well as Far East, men’s fashion and women’s fashion in Shanghai are discussed. The style, textiles, color, decoration and combination of clothing are described. Many costumes from the Clothing Museum at Donghua University and private collections as well as some historical writings, photographs and publications are elucidated and corroborated to give a more detailed description about Shanghai’s fashion during that period.Here are some tentative conclusions. Firstly, Shanghai had always been the fashion center in China even Far East during Republic Period. Modeng was the main reflection of Shanghai fashion. Secondly, the traditional clothing exerted less influence and was less widely used, some kinds and combinations were out of fashion gradually. The fashion was described to be highly stylized, exquisite and concise. Thirdly, the influence of Western Style was further greater. The fashion in Shanghai was almost synchronous with fashion of Paris. Some western clothing was directly used in daily life and the elements of Western Style had an increasingly wide utilization. Fourthly, the New Chinese Style whose representatives were Qipao and Zhongshan Zhuang appeared and popularized in Shanghai. The fashion of Qipao changed frequently. Finally, the fashion in Shanghai called Shanghai Style could be summarized fashionable, exquisite, rapidly changeable, which is harmonious of both ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.
基金supported by grants from the Technology Development Project (No. 201505022)the NSFC Shandong Joint Fund (No. U1406402)National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31371759)
文摘The antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo and the effect of the immune system of two fucoidan fractions with low molecular weight and different sulfate content from Laminaria japonica(LMW fucoidans) were investigated in order to examine the possible mechanism. In vitro, I-type influenza virus, adenovirus and Parainfluenza virus I were used to infect Hep-2, Hela and MDCK cells, respectively. And 50% tissue culture infective dose was calculated to detect the antiviral activity of two LMW fucoidans. The results indicated that compared with the control group, 2 kinds of LMW fucoidans had remarkable antiviral activity in vitro in middle and high doses, while at low doses, the antiviral activity of 2 kinds of LMW fucoidans was not statistically different from that in the blank control group. And there was no statistically difference between two LMW fucoidans in antiviral activity. In vivo, LMW fucoidans could prolong the survival time of virus-infected mice, and could improve the lung index of virus-infected mice significantly, which have statistical differences with the control group significantly(p < 0.01). However, the survival time of the two LMW fucoidans was not statistically significant(p > 0.05). In this study, it was shown that both of two LMW fucoidans(LF1, LF2) could increase the thymus index, spleen index, phagocytic index, phagocytosis coefficient and half hemolysin value in middle and high doses, which suggested that LMW fucoidans could play an antiviral role by improving the quality of immune organs, improving immune cell phagocytosis and humoral immunity.
文摘In the past five years, trendy information spread via imported renowned fashion magazines appeared unable to satisfy the industrial needs. Trend books from Milan and Paris have been introduced to big cities in China through official Chinese national agencies, and have gradually drawn more attention within the Chinese fashion industry. Chinese fashion businesses and their designers have difficulties in using the trend book. The main reason is that they don’t understand the whole structure re of the book, the true meaning of the instruction and the way to use the book. Most companies are not using the book in the correct way. However, if no one realizes this is not the right key to the real fashion design world, an incorrect design logic and abnormal production chain will appear in China which will directly produce an unhealthy impact to the country. It’s only possible to catch up and grasp the real European trend with Europe at the same time when the trend books are used correctly.
文摘In order to identify the mixing and segregation behaviors in a mineral processing operation, present study aimed on the hydrodynamics of solid–liquid fluidization. The study was carried out in a fluidization column with tapings at different height of the bed to collect the sample. The binary particles considered in this study are hematite(4800 kg/m3) and quartz(2600 kg/m3) at different size fractions in the range of average size 87×10^(-6)m to 400×10^(-6)m. It is observed that for various binary mixtures, both quartz and hematite particles share the equal composition by mass(50%) at a particular height of fluidized bed, referred as ‘‘locus point'' of mixing. Study indicates that the mixing zone volume will increase for a continuous fluidized bed plant operation. It is observed that the number of locus points varies from 1 to 3 signifying their dependency on the size ratios of binary mixture. Whenever, the difference in terminal velocity between quartz and hematite particles approaches to zero, mixing is enhanced.Further, the present study is extended to find the segregation index for the different size ratios of quartz and hematite particles. It is evident that depending on the size ratios, various regions such as complete segregation, partial mixing and complete mixing can be observed.
文摘On the basis of analysis on both the typical characteristics of Chinese traditional clothing and trendy fashion on present market that is inspired from it,this paper illustrates several re-creation methods of Chinese traditional clothing.These suggestions would push this oriental traditional clothing to a new high in world fashion field and adopted by more and more common people.
文摘The colour scheme of brand ready-made clothes, as an integral part of brand culture, is playing a more and more omportant role in modem brand ready-made clothes designing. The cultural background of Chinese clothing brands was explored, the features of the interaction of colour, the design concept of colouring of the local Chinese brano clothes were discussed. International fashion trend was analysed, and both the psychological and social infuences on the colours of a certain season were discussed. In addition, we ought to investigate and study the late essential colours and the salable colours of our own brands, and summarize the clout systems that are practicable.
基金Supported by the Program for Yangtse River Scholars and Innovative Research Terms in Universities(IRT0936)the National Basic Research Program of China(2009CB219905+2 种基金2009CB219907)the Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd
文摘The separate-layer injection in different interlayers and the injection of the same-molecular-weight polymer so- lution in a layer are necessary in the polymer flooding process because of heterogeneous multilayer sandstone reservoirs in EOR projects. To alleviate the matching problems between the layer permeability and the injected polymer molecular weight, a molecular weight adjusting device with porous medium was designed on the basis of mechanical degradation principle. In terms of four variables (polymer concentration, pore diameter, length of shear component and flow rate ), the theological behavior of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) solu- tion flowing through the device was investigated in detail. The change of these variables is able to control the shear rate of HPAM solutions through ceramic foam, and achieve the desired degree of shear degradation and the final theological parameters-viscosity loss, viscoelasticity and pressure drop. Therefore, a linear relationship between viscosity loss and shearing rate was established so as to obtain the targeted viscosity easily. Field tests in the Daqing Oil Field showed that the polymer molecular weight could drop 20% to 50%. In a word, the results could guide the industrial application of the novel device and the further study of polymer degradation flowing through the porous medium.
基金as part of the micropropulsion activities in the Small Satellites Programme,funded by the Spanish Ministry of Defence
文摘Micro-rockets for propulsion of small spacecrafts exhibit significant differences with regard to their macroscale counterparts,mainly caused by the role of the viscous dissipation and heat transfer processes in the micron-sized scale.The goal of this work is to simulate the transient operation of a micro-rocket to investigate the effects of viscous heating on the flow and performance for four configurations of the expanding gas and wafer material.The modelling follows a multiphysics approach that solves the fluid and solid regions fully coupled.A contin- uum-based description that incorporates the effects of gas rarefaction through the micro-nozzle,viscous dissipa- tion and heat transfer at the solid-gas interface is presented.Non-equilibrium is addressed with the implementa- tion of a 2nd-order slip-model for the velocity and temperature at the walls.The results stress that solid-fluid cou- pling exerts a strong influence on the flowfield and performance as well as the effect of the wafer during the first instants of the transient in micro-rockets made of low and high thermal conductivity materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20091310918)
文摘The effect of plasma actuator that uses saw-tooth or sine-wave shape electrodes on boundary layer flows is experimentally investigated.The measurement results are compared with a corresponding standard configuration (conventional design using two rectangular strip electrodes)-the actuator that produces a nearly two-dimensional horizontal wall jet upon actuation.PIV measurements are used to characterize the actuators in a quiescent chamber.Operating in a steady manner,the new actuators result in the formation of streamwise and spanwise vortices.That is to say,the new actuators render the plasma actuators inducing three-dimensional variations in the shear layer,offering significant flexibility in flow control.The affected flowfield with the new actuators is significantly larger than that with the conventional linear actuators.While the conventional linear actuators affect primarily the boundary layer flow on a scale of about 1 cm above the wall,the new actuators affect the near wall region at a significantly larger scale.This new design broadens the applicability and enhances the flow control effects and it is potentially a more efficient flow control device.