超声处理条件对水煤浆浆体各性质的影响

选择了大同、兖州、红会、八一及神木等五种煤样（其浆体流变特性呈胀性流体、静态稳定性较差）。系统地考察了超声处理时间及超声强度对各煤浆浆体的流变特性、静态稳定性以及成浆性的影响。实验结果表明，在一定的超声条件下（超声处理时间２～１０ｍｉｎ、超声强度４０Ｗ／ｃｍ２～８０Ｗ／ｃｍ２、超声频率２０ｋＨｚ），随着超声处理时间和超声强度的增加，五种煤的浆体都由胀性行为向屈服假塑性方向转化，浆体静态稳定性由几ｈ可以提高到一个月！另一方面，添加剂的浓度为１％时（按干基煤含量计），超声处理导致各浆体表观粘度略有上升。粒度分析结果表明，超声处理使得细煤粒的比例明显增加，超声引起浆体性质变化的原因至少部分是由于粒度分布的变化所致。

麦草低温氧碱蒸煮浆料性质的研究

麦草碱法蒸煮后,浆料不经洗涤,直接通入氧气进行处理。对麦草氧碱蒸煮段用碱量、氧压、温度和时间四因素三水平方差分析表明,用碱量对得率的影响最大,时间对其影响最小;浆料黏度下降并不明显;用碱量对浆料卡伯值的影响最大,氧压对其影响最小。在较适宜的工艺条件下氧碱蒸煮结果为:浆料得率52.6%;浆料黏度为1 042 mL/g,比单段碱法蒸煮后浆料黏度(1 099 mL/g)降低5.2%;浆料卡伯值17.9,比单段碱法蒸煮后浆料卡伯值(20.3)降低11.8%;黑液黏度为3.4 mPa.s,比单段碱法蒸煮黑液黏度(5.1 mPa.s)降低33.3%。

MIP重油催化+LTAG工艺油浆系统长周期运行及油浆系统事故处置

济南炼化1号催化裂化装置采用MIP+LTAG双提升管工艺,MIP工艺较一般FCC装置反应深度大,油浆密度相对较高,LTAG反应器产生的油浆性质与普通催化裂化的油浆性质区别大;装置油浆系统运行状况与普通单提升管催化裂化装置也有所区别,尤其是LTAG催化裂化反应油浆产率低,需要优化调整才能保证外甩率和油浆固含量;如何控制合适的外甩率在保证装置液收的同时既能保证油浆系统含量,又能兼顾装置长周期运行是装置运行的关键;装置运行中出现过几次油浆蒸汽发生器泄漏,泄漏会造成油浆流量测量仪表失灵、蒸汽发生器发汽量出现偏差、系统管线振动等,对装置的安全运行极为不利,如何及时判断正确处置极为重要,处置不当容易导致紧急停工等恶性事故;如何减缓油浆系统结焦是油浆系统长周期运行的另一关键点,通过考察油浆循环量、换后温度、分馏塔挡板温度变化、循环量、油浆系统压降等变化判断塔盘及换热器内结焦情况,及时采取措施保证油浆系统总体运行平稳。

水煤浆气化炉煤种掺烧试验总结

为缓解气化装置原料煤供应紧张问题,,结合水煤浆气化炉运行特点,对哈密三道岭地区的砂墩子煤进行掺烧试验。通过与原用煤种的对比,分析水煤浆性质、产气组分、灰渣残碳、水系统等气化运行参数,发现砂墩子煤可以取代托克逊黑山煤作为准东红沙泉煤的配煤煤种,为气化装置提供了新的气化原料煤种选择。

不同原料对悬浮床加氢裂化中试装置进料系统的影响

悬浮床加氢裂化是目前重质油轻质化的一种有效途径和非常有效的手段。稳定的进料系统是悬浮床反应的前提和基础。因进料为一种或者多种物料混合的混合物,原料的水分、性质,进料的温度,油煤浆中油煤的结合程度都会影响进料泵的正常运行。选取合适的馏分油,适宜的煤种,合适的进料温度。才能保证配制的油煤浆流动性好,反应活性高。

Effects from changes in pulp nature after ultrasonic conditioning on high-sulfur coal flotation

A study of the effects of the pulp nature on desulphurization and de-ashing during high-sulfur coal flotation is described in this paper. Highlighted are the use of a solution oxygen gauge, a pH value gauge and a surface tension gauge to investigate changes in the pulp nature related to changes in the oxygen content, the pH value and the interfacial tension. The temperature be- fore and after ultrasonic conditioning was also investigated. The results showed that ultrasonic conditioning resulted in a decrease in the oxygen content and the interracial tension and an increase in the pH value and the temperature of the pulp. The perfect index of flotation and the perfect index of desulphurization of fine coal increased by 25.19% and 18.03%, respectively, after the pulp was ultrasonically conditioned. This study shows that ultrasonic conditioning can change the pulp nature and enhance the degree of desulphurization during high-sulfur coal flotation.

Effect of Plasma Etching on Wicking Property of Polypropylene Fiber

Plasma etching technology is used to treat Polypropylene fiber with different fineness. The result shows that the plasma etching treatment is useful to improve the wicking property of polypropylene, although too much time of treatment may be converse to the wicking property. A surface roughness theory is applied to explain the reason why the plasma can improve the wicking property. In this experiment, fibers with different treating time under certain voltage(180 V) and pressure(0.1 mm Hg)are used as experimental sample.

几种新型淀粉类干强剂在纸张增强方面的应用研究

本文综合分析了纸页强度的影响因素和空白浆料的成纸性能,进而研究了市售聚丙烯酰胺类、市售进口改性淀粉以及自制改性淀粉等九种干强剂分别添加在阔叶木浆、废旧箱板纸浆和灰底白板纸浆中对其成纸性能的影响效果,结果表明,自制改性淀粉C1可明显提高废旧箱板纸浆成纸后的环压强度、耐破度和挺度;自制改性淀粉C4则可以满足阔叶木浆抄造文化用纸对其纸张挺度和抗张强度的要求;对于灰底白板纸浆,聚丙烯酰胺类干强剂A2则是提高其成纸挺度的最佳选择。

Experimental Study on Mechanical Characteristics of Cracked Rock Mass Reinforced by Bolting and Grouting

The stress hardening characteristics of the reinforced rock mass in uniaxial compression tests were revealed by means of the experimental study on mechanical characteristics of cracked rock mass reinforced by bolting and grouting. And the load-beating mechanism of the reinforced rock mass was perfectly reflected by the experiment. The results can offer some useful advice for support design and stability analysis of deep drifts in unstable strata.

Effect of Different Aromatic Fractions on Colloidal Property of Tahe Atmospheric Residue

Different amounts of FCC slurry oil and HVGO were added to Tahe atmospheric residue respectively. The colloi- dal stability and asphaltene agglomeration of atmospheric residue and mixed oils were characterized by means of the mass fraction normalized conductivity and the small-angle X-ray scattering technology （SAXS）. The results indicated that the sta- bility of Tahe atmospheric residue decreased with an increasing amount of these oil fractions. It was found that the decline of the colloidal stability was attributed to the component polarity difference between oil fractions and the atmospheric resi- due. Though the aromaticity of FCC slurry oil was higher than that of HVGO, the polarity of aromatics and resins of FCC slurry oil was lower than those of HVGO. So the degree of the colloidal stability was more seriously destroyed by FCC slurry oil. The dispersion of asphaltenes in Tahe atmospheric residue was changed by adding FCC slurry oil and HVGO. The particle size of as-ohaltenes increased alon~ with the decline of the colloidal stability

Penetration grouting reinforcement of sandy gravel

To study the relationship between grouting effect and grouting factors, three factors （seven parameters） directionless pressure and small cycle grouting model experiment on sandy gravel was done, which was designed according to uniform design method. And regressing was applied to analysis of the test data. The two models test results indicate that when the diffusing radius of grout changes from 26 to 51 cm, the grouted sandy gravel compressing strength changes from 2.13 to 12.30 MPa; the relationship between diffusing radius（R） and water cement ratio（m）, permeability coefficient（k）, grouting pressure（p）, grouting time（t） is R=19.953m^0.121k^0.429p^0.412t^0.437; the relationship between compressing strength（P） and porosity（n）, water cement ratio, grouting pressure, grouting time is P =0.984n^0.517m6-1.488p^0.118t^0.031. So the porosity of sandy gravel, the permeability coefficient of sandy gravel, grouting pressure, grouting time, water cement ratio are main factors to influence the grouting effect. The grouting pressure is the main factor to influence grouting diffusing radius, and the water cement ratio is the main factor to influence grouted sandy gravel compressing strength.

THE RESEARCH OF RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF STOWING SLURRY WITH HIGH-WATER MATERIALSOLIDIFYING TAILINGS

High-water material, tailings from goldmine and water are mixed into a new slurry.Testing of rheological properties of stowing slurries A and B is made to determine type and rheological parameters of the slurry. The main factors influencing rheological properties of the slurry are analyzed and the rational concentration and empirical resistance calculating formula of pipe line transportation are presented.

Octreotide ameliorates gastric lesions in chronically mild stressed rats

AIM:To evaluate the effect of chronic mild stress(CMS) on the emergence of gastric ulcers and possible modulation by octreotide,a synthetic somatostatin analogue. METHODS:Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to nine different unpredictable random stress procedures for 21 d,a multifactorial interactional animal model for CMS.Octreotide was administered daily for 21 d at two dose levels(50 and 90μg/kg)before exposure to stress procedure.Macro-and microscopical assessments were made,in addition to quantification of plasma corticosterone and gastric mucosal inflammatory,oxidative stress, and apoptotic biomarkers. RESULTS:Exposure to CMS elevated plasma corticosterone(28.3±0.6μg/dL,P=0.002),an event that was accompanied by gastric lesions(6.4±0.16 mm,P=0.01) and confirmed histopathologically.Moreover,the insult elevated gastric mucosal lipid peroxides(13±0.5 nmol/g tissue,P=0.001),tumor necrosis factor-α(3008.6±78.18 pg/g tissue,P<0.001),prostaglandin E2(117.1 ±4.31 pg/g tissue,P=0.002),and caspase-3 activity (2.4±0.14 OD/mg protein,P=0.002).Conversely,CMS mitigated interleukin-10(627.9±12.82 pg/g tissue,P= 0.001).Furthermore,in animals exposed to CMS,octreotide restored plasma corticosterone(61%and 71%from CMS,P=0.002)at both dose levels.These beneficial effects were associated with a remarkable suppression of gastric lesions(38%and 9%from CMS,P=0.01)and reversal of derangements in gastric mucosa. CONCLUSION:The current investigation provides evidence that exposure to CMS induces gastric ulceration, which was alleviated by administration of octreotide possibly possessing antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,and anti-apoptotic actions.

Geomorphosites in Granitic Environments： An Example from Northern Sardinia （Italy）

A rare geomorphosite and a pillow-like structure appearing as mingling structures due to that mafic and acidic magma interactions are described. Despite the occurrence of spectacular forms in the granitic basement of Sardinia, the morphosites of geological interest linked to the complex evolution of pluton emplacement are still poorly understood. The Fizza Ona outcrop, located near the northeastern coast, is a good example of a geomorphosite in the inner zone developed at the edge of different plutonic units. This outcrop is a well-exposed, pillow-like horizon of less than 5 m in thickness, observable in the field for at least 200 m and underlined by the occurrence of a large tafoni form. In detail, the pillow-like horizon consists of sub-roundly to sub-rounded elements of granitic to micropegmatitic rocks of up to 100 cm in diameter, which is dispersed in the fine-grained granitic host-rock matrix. The outcrop represents a particular example of the emplacement mechanism of granitic magmas in the Sardinian batholith. One aim of this work is the construction of a document for the competent authorities to protection and preservation of this outcrop as a cultural heritage for the history of the geological evolution.

Role of ghrelin in cognitive impairment of hypertensive elders with chronic psychological distress

Objective:To investigate ghrelin level change in combination with psychological stress in the hypertensive old people with cognitive impairment and to explore its effect as well as possible mechanism.Methods:The study population of 300 elders was divided into 2 groups,148 with hypertension and 152 non-hypertension,who were screened for psychological distress and cognition function,and had blood drawn to measure plasma levels of ghrelin and total cortisol on the same day.Results:The rates of anxiety and cognitive impairment were higher in the hypertension elders,which were negatively correlated with plasma ghrelin level,resulted from chronic cortisol response to anxiety.Conclusion:Chronic plasma cortisol increase to long-term anxiety leads a reduce in ghrelin level which then adversely affects blood pressure and cognitive function in old people.So measuring ghrelin of elders may be a diagnostic tool to predict cognitive development and ghrelin may be a selective antihypertensive medicine for cognitive impairment elders with or without chronic psychological stress.

Effects of Cold Storage on Quality Traits of Sardinian Myrtle （Myrtus communis L.） Berries and Their Alcoholic Extracts

Myrtus communis L. is a spontaneous aromatic plant typical of the Mediterranean area. Myrtle berries hydrodistilled products and ethanolic extracts are mainly used as flavouring agents and food supplements. This study evaluated the effect of long-term storage on the quality-related properties of myrtle berries. Storage at 2 ~C for three months effbctively preserved myrtle berries quality, both in the chemical composition and external appearance. No symptoms of chilling injury and decay occurred during the first two months of storage, at the end of storage only the 1.3% of rotting was detected. Total anthocyanic content and anthocyanin glycosides diminished whereas the antioxidant capacity increased in all samples till the end of storage. The antioxidant properties of myrtle berries were not correlated with the anthocyanic fraction. The pH of myrtle berries decreased, while gluconic acid levels increased. The results reported in this paper showed that the storage at 2 ~C for three months appears to be an effective way to preserve myrtle berries quality. The changes in the chemical composition of the fruits subjected to storage had revealed the importance of gluconic acid and pH for myrtle quality assessment. These two parameters can be used as quality markers since a strong relationship has been found between myrtle decay and the changes in these parameters,

Co-processing petroleum catalytic slurry with coal

It is studied that reactivity of petroleum catalytic slurry （PCS） and coal with Fe catalyst in 1 L autoclave, the fol- lowing is mainly discussed, coal conversion and asphalt properties, especially related with petroleum cracking slurry （PCS） properties. The results show that co-processing conversion and asphalt yield increase with the increase of PCS ratio. PCS prop- erties have important effect on coal conversion and asphalt properties. One kind of PCS shows negative effect on coal conver- sion. High aromatic PCS can lead to high ductility asphalt with good colloid properties. Coal and the PCS can lead to a strong matching effect.

Property changes of anchor grout calcined ginger nuts admixed with fly ash and quartz sand after accelerated ageing tests

Calcined ginger nuts admixed by fly ash and quartz sand (CGN-(F+S)) has been validated to be basically compatible to earthen sites as an anchor grout. Accelerated ageing tests including water stability test, temperature and humidity cycling test, soundness test and alkali resistance test are conducted with the objective to further research the property changes of CGN-(F+S) grout. Density, surface hardness, water penetration capacity, water permeability capacity, soluble salt, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS) spectrum of these samples have been tested after accelerated ageing tests. The results show that densities of samples decrease, surface hardness, water penetration capacity and water permeability capacity of samples increase generally. Besides, soluble salt analysis, SEM and EDS results well corroborate the changes. Based on the results it can be concluded that property changes are most serious after temperature and humidity cycling test, followed by water stability, soundness and alkali resistance test in sequence. But in general, CGN-(F+S) still has good durability.

Effect of solids on pulp and froth properties in flotation

Froth flotation is a widely used process of particle separation exploiting differences in surface properties. It is important to point out that overall flotation performance(grade and recovery) is a consequence of the quality and quantity of the solid particles collected from the pulp phase, transported into the froth phase, and surviving as bubble-particle aggregates into the overflow. This work will focus on studying these phenomena and will incorporate the effects of particle hydrophobicities in the 3-phase system. Solids are classed as either hydrophilic non-sulphide gangue(e.g. silica, talc), hydrophilic sulphide(e.g. pyrite), or hydrophobic sulphide(e.g. sphalerite). Talc is a surface-active species of gangue that has been shown to behave differently from silica(frother adsorbs on the surface of talc particles). Both are common components of ores and will be studied in detail. The focus of this work is to investigate the role of solids on pulp hydrodynamics, froth bubble coalescence intensity, water overflow rate with solids present, and in particular, the interactions between solids, frother and gas on the gas dispersion parameters. The results show that in the pulp zone there is no effect of solids on bubble size and gas holdup; in the froth zone, although hydrophilic particles solely do not effect on the water overflow rate, hydrophobic particles produce higher intensity of rates on water overflow and bubble coalescence, and many be attributed to the water reattachment.

The Effect of Chlorine Dioxide Charges in Chlorine Dioxide-Alkaline Extraction-Chlorine Dioxide （DED） Sequence on Optical Properties of Kraft Pulp of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

Hardwoods are important raw material for making pulp and paper products. Eucalyptus camaldulensis is a fast-growing hardwood species with a wide distribution in Iran and can be introduced as appropriatematerial to compensate the wood shortages of the natural forest. Kraft pulping was performed under different cooking conditions and, based on the relations of pulp yield and kappa number, bleachable kraft pulp at screened yield of 43.3% and kappa number of 31.3 was selected for DED （Chlorine Dioxide-Alkaline Extraction-Chlorine Dioxide） bleaching and its bleachability was studied at different kappa factor in D~ stage. The results indicated that the bleachable kraft pulp from this species has high kappa number at acceptable screened yield and to complete the delignification in the bleaching process, higher kappa factor may be needed in DED bleaching sequence. The main reduction in final kappa number and yield loss were observed at kappa factor level of 0.2 but by further increase in kappa factor up to 0.4, more development were observed in optical properties but at lower opacity.