一种新的高渗透性地层中盾构隧道同步注浆浆液损失的多物理场模拟方法

为满足精细化分析的要求,首先建立了一种计算高渗透性饱和地层中盾构隧道同步注浆浆液渗流扩散的多物理场水力耦合模拟方法。该方法以基于连续介质力学的质量平衡方程描述浆液的运移,通过在质量平衡方程中引入了质量交换项来考虑浆液在土体孔隙中的淤堵及其引起的土体渗透特性的变化,并结合混合物系统的动量平衡来考虑多孔介质的水-力耦合过程。随后,通过ABAQUS二次开发,建立了一个新的7自由度平面应变单元,使得该方法可被应用于分析工程尺度的初边界值问题。最后,以一个典型的盾构隧道开挖与注浆过程为例,进行建模分析。结果表明,所提出的多物理场模拟方法可以实现对注浆及注浆后浆液压力、地面沉降以及浆液扩散范围的时空变化预测。研究还发现,当地层渗透系数大于1.0×10-6 m/s时,需考虑浆液在地层中的渗透流失;同时,浆液在土体孔隙中的淤堵会导致土体孔隙度及渗透性的降低,从而减少了浆液的进一步流失,但其对地层变形没有显著影响,因此在工程实际中,可不考虑浆液淤堵以分析浆液最大流失量及地层变形。

Study on the compatibility of cement-superplasticizer system based on the amount of free solution

The changes of free solution amount, fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste were examined by varying the water-cement ratio and the dosages of superplasticizer. The distribution of solution and flocculation microstructure in flesh cement paste was observed with optical microscope. The change of free solution amount and its effect on the fluidity and bleeding of cement paste was studied. The results show that the adsorbed solution amount has a great influence on the com- patibility of cement-superplasticizer system, including the bleeding degree, the fluidity and the time-depended fluidity loss of cement paste. Superplasticizer increases the fluidity of cement paste by destroying the flocculated cement particle structure and increasing the amount of adsorbed solution. Polycarboxylate superplasticizer shows higher ability of adsorption than naphtha- lene superplasticizer. Over dosage of superplasticizer is not the primary cause of bleeding. The principle reason of bleeding is the high water-cement ratio and the insufficient enhancing ability of water adsorption of superplasticizer.