Research and development within the windsurfing field is comprised purely of previous experience, prototype building and testing on the water. The use of Computer Aided Design （CAD） systems and simulation packages c...Research and development within the windsurfing field is comprised purely of previous experience, prototype building and testing on the water. The use of Computer Aided Design （CAD） systems and simulation packages can significantly help in the design and testing phases by optimizing the design before a prototype is built. In the paper, supported by these software tools, the authors show a new patented system, named iDO, developed with the aim to stabilize the windsurf, to allow reducing the initial difficulties that a beginner meets in the learning phase. The design process, from the idea to the manufacturing aspects, with all the technical and technological problems, is described. The validation product was carried out by means of user evaluation questionnaires from sixty-four windsurfing beginners in several countries over world. The results show that the users are significantly satisfied with the product.展开更多
The binary solid-liquid equilibrium of Dimethyl Terephthalate （DMT）, Dimethyl lsophthalate （DMI） and Dimeth- yl Phthalate （DMP） was investigated by experiment and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The r...The binary solid-liquid equilibrium of Dimethyl Terephthalate （DMT）, Dimethyl lsophthalate （DMI） and Dimeth- yl Phthalate （DMP） was investigated by experiment and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The result demonstrated DMT/DMI and DMT/DMP systems are eutectic while DMI/DMP is a solid-solution system. The eutectic temperature of DMT/DMI system is 336.7 K and that of DMT/DMP is 271.1 K. Furthermore, a classical solid-liquid phase equilibrium model was used to fit the experimental data of the eutectic systems of DMT/DMI and DMT/ DMP and the theoretical model could describe the eutectic solid-liquid phase diagrams properly.展开更多
Injection of fuel containing CO2 has potential to reduce NOx and soot emissions in a diesel engine. This paper presents an experimental study on the spray charac-teristics of fuel containing CO2 as measured by phase d...Injection of fuel containing CO2 has potential to reduce NOx and soot emissions in a diesel engine. This paper presents an experimental study on the spray charac-teristics of fuel containing CO2 as measured by phase dop-pler anemometry (PDA). Experiments were performed un-der atmospheric conditions on diesel hole-type nozzles at constant injection pressure. Effects of CO2 concentration in diesel fuel on the spray pattern, droplet size and velocity were measured. Experimental results show that fuel atomi-zation will improve greatly when the concentration of dis-solved CO2 in the fuel exceeds the critical value. The axial and radial velocity of the fuel spray containing CO2 is larger than that of conventional diesel fuel spray near the nozzle exit due to flash boiling phenomena. Downstream of the spray, the radial velocity and droplet size of fuel containing CO2 is much more uniform and smaller than that of pure diesel spray. It is attributed to the greatly enhanced liq-uid-gas mixing resulting from flash separation of CO2 from the liquid. New insight into the atomization of the fuel con-taining CO2 was obtained and a possible mechanism to ex-plain the phenomena was proposed. The method may be developed into a new technique for controlling diesel com-bustion and exhaust emissions.展开更多
文摘Research and development within the windsurfing field is comprised purely of previous experience, prototype building and testing on the water. The use of Computer Aided Design （CAD） systems and simulation packages can significantly help in the design and testing phases by optimizing the design before a prototype is built. In the paper, supported by these software tools, the authors show a new patented system, named iDO, developed with the aim to stabilize the windsurf, to allow reducing the initial difficulties that a beginner meets in the learning phase. The design process, from the idea to the manufacturing aspects, with all the technical and technological problems, is described. The validation product was carried out by means of user evaluation questionnaires from sixty-four windsurfing beginners in several countries over world. The results show that the users are significantly satisfied with the product.
文摘The binary solid-liquid equilibrium of Dimethyl Terephthalate （DMT）, Dimethyl lsophthalate （DMI） and Dimeth- yl Phthalate （DMP） was investigated by experiment and differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）. The result demonstrated DMT/DMI and DMT/DMP systems are eutectic while DMI/DMP is a solid-solution system. The eutectic temperature of DMT/DMI system is 336.7 K and that of DMT/DMP is 271.1 K. Furthermore, a classical solid-liquid phase equilibrium model was used to fit the experimental data of the eutectic systems of DMT/DMI and DMT/ DMP and the theoretical model could describe the eutectic solid-liquid phase diagrams properly.
文摘Injection of fuel containing CO2 has potential to reduce NOx and soot emissions in a diesel engine. This paper presents an experimental study on the spray charac-teristics of fuel containing CO2 as measured by phase dop-pler anemometry (PDA). Experiments were performed un-der atmospheric conditions on diesel hole-type nozzles at constant injection pressure. Effects of CO2 concentration in diesel fuel on the spray pattern, droplet size and velocity were measured. Experimental results show that fuel atomi-zation will improve greatly when the concentration of dis-solved CO2 in the fuel exceeds the critical value. The axial and radial velocity of the fuel spray containing CO2 is larger than that of conventional diesel fuel spray near the nozzle exit due to flash boiling phenomena. Downstream of the spray, the radial velocity and droplet size of fuel containing CO2 is much more uniform and smaller than that of pure diesel spray. It is attributed to the greatly enhanced liq-uid-gas mixing resulting from flash separation of CO2 from the liquid. New insight into the atomization of the fuel con-taining CO2 was obtained and a possible mechanism to ex-plain the phenomena was proposed. The method may be developed into a new technique for controlling diesel com-bustion and exhaust emissions.
