P225.2 2005010205 基于CPLD的脉冲激光测距飞行时间测量=Measurement of flight time for pulsed laser ranging based on CPLD[刊, 中]／杨成伟(清华大学电子工程系．北京(100084))．霍玉晶…∥激光与红外.-2004．34(2).-106-108 研...P225.2 2005010205 基于CPLD的脉冲激光测距飞行时间测量=Measurement of flight time for pulsed laser ranging based on CPLD[刊, 中]／杨成伟(清华大学电子工程系．北京(100084))．霍玉晶…∥激光与红外.-2004．34(2).-106-108 研制了基于CPLD的脉冲激光测距飞行时间测量系统。CPLD的使用提高了激光测距仪的精度,并且可灵活修改设计,使同一硬件系统可用于不同类型的脉冲激光测距仪的飞行时间测量。此系统结构简单,体积小,可靠性高,非常适合高性能手持式脉冲激光测距仪。图2参5(杨妹清)展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research impacts of agricultural non-point pol- lution on water-source region in Songhua Dam, laying foundation for control of water pollution and scientific protection of water-source regio...[Objective] The aim was to research impacts of agricultural non-point pol- lution on water-source region in Songhua Dam, laying foundation for control of water pollution and scientific protection of water-source region. [Method] Water in Muyang River, lengshui River and Zizania aquatica region were sampled to measure content of pollutants in water and conclude relation between water contamination and agri- cultural non-point pollution to find the major cause of pollution. [Result] Organic pollu- tant in Muyang River was higher; N and P contents in Lengshui River were higher; the measured indices in Zizania aquatica region excessively exceeded related stan- dard. [Conclusion] The chemical fertilizers and pesticides are the toxic materials lead- ing to water contamination and constitute a major cause of pollution in Songhua Dam water-source region. Agricultural non-point pollution should be controlled in a scientific way.展开更多
P427.1 2004064488 AML-1车载测污激光雷达探测大气边界层气溶胶=Measurements of planetary boundary layer aerosols with mobile lidar AML-1[刊,中]/张改霞(中科院安徽光机所大气光学重点实验室.安徽,合肥(230031)),张寅超…∥强激...P427.1 2004064488 AML-1车载测污激光雷达探测大气边界层气溶胶=Measurements of planetary boundary layer aerosols with mobile lidar AML-1[刊,中]/张改霞(中科院安徽光机所大气光学重点实验室.安徽,合肥(230031)),张寅超…∥强激光与粒子束.—2004.16(3).—286-290 介绍了自行研制用于环境监测的车载式激光雷达(AML-1)系统及典型特点,其在测量气溶胶时不但可以全天候探测,还可以从不同仰角进行测量,对实现连续、实时、大范围监测大气污染有着重要的意义。结合该激光雷达的特点,从垂直、斜程。展开更多
Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and...Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.展开更多
Ecological restoration is widely employed from tens to millions of hectares in space,and from tens of days to thousands of years in time, which forces consideration of it thoroughly. We argue that three questions are ...Ecological restoration is widely employed from tens to millions of hectares in space,and from tens of days to thousands of years in time, which forces consideration of it thoroughly. We argue that three questions are the most important among the contents relevant of ecological restoration, including why, what and how to restore degraded systems. Why to restore determines whether or not the degraded ecological systems should be restored. What to restore is the goal of ecological restoration. The explicit goal of ecological restoration is necessary to guide ecological restoration workers in pursuit of excellence and prevent restoration from being swamped by purely technological activities. And how to restore means the methods and steps we should apply. To ensure the final success of ecological restoration, restored sites should be monitored and managed for long time to determine whether the selected methods are appropriate, and can be remedy better. Only to deal with these effectively, ecological restoration would be the hope for the future.展开更多
The purpose of the study is to generate traffic air information system） to determine a proper zone of AQMS （air analyzed were carbon monoxide （CO）, and nitrogen oxides （NOx） pollution map using mathematical mode...The purpose of the study is to generate traffic air information system） to determine a proper zone of AQMS （air analyzed were carbon monoxide （CO）, and nitrogen oxides （NOx） pollution map using mathematical model and GIS （geographic quality monitoring station） in municipality area. The pollutants which can be harmful to people living in the area. The three steps of mapping process were performed under the GIS environment using the existing vehicle emission rates and pollutant dispersion model. First, traffic volume, road network, and the emission rates of road segments varying with types of vehicle were collected from existing data. Second, the pollutant concentrations were calculated by use of CALINE4, a tool with Gaussian dispersion model. The model parameters include emission rate, wind directions and speeds, ambient temperature and observed pollutant concentration, and atmospheric stability during all seasons from the January 1, 2010 to May 31,2011 with regardless the rainy season. This resulted in concentrations at many receptor points along links of the road network. Third, distributions of pollution concentrations were generated by means of the spatial interpolation of those from receptors. The results of pollution raster-based maps are used for determining frequency of violence and combined pollution map. The resulting frequency of violence and intensity concentration will be further integrated to determine a potential area of AQMS. Finally, achieving pollution potential area of AQMS can be located as helpful basic data for efficient traffic and transportation planning.展开更多
Complex air pollution problems have resulted in considerable adverse impacts on the environment,human health,and economy in China.However,owing to strict regulations since 2013,the air quality has been greatly improve...Complex air pollution problems have resulted in considerable adverse impacts on the environment,human health,and economy in China.However,owing to strict regulations since 2013,the air quality has been greatly improved.Now,the prevention of air pollution has entered a critical stage in combination with climate change mitigation in China.Accurate seasonal to interannual prediction of air pollution(haze,surface 03,and sandstorms) could support the government in planning for air pollution control on an annual basis.Scientists from all over the world have made great progress in understanding climate change and the variability of air pollution and associated physical mechanisms in China,which has provided a scientific basis for the development of climate prediction of air pollution.This paper reviews the progress made in air-pollution climate prediction,and gives some critical insights including update of predictand,change of predictability,and development of coupled model.展开更多
The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air qual...The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.展开更多
Water pollution is one of the major environmental prob- lems, especially in urban areas. Due to rapid urban expansion and industrialization, water pollution in Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province in central ...Water pollution is one of the major environmental prob- lems, especially in urban areas. Due to rapid urban expansion and industrialization, water pollution in Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province in central China has become a serious problem for its development. In this study, the surface water quality was evalu- ated using Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index （NCPI）, and the change trend was calculated using methods of Mann-Kendall test and Sen＇s slope estimator, based on the monitoring data from 1998 to 2008. The results show that the NCP1 ranged from 3 to 50 in 70% of the monitoring cases, implying that most rivers were seriously polluted. However, this serious polltuon is expected to be gradually improved, as the concentration of water pollutants and NCPI declined significantly in most rivers. Water pollution in reservoirs was much lower than rivers, and the NCPI in the three monitored reservoirs was lower than 3 in most years, and shows a downward trend. Although the surface water quality was gradually improved, great efforts are still needed to enhance the protection and improvement of surface water environment.展开更多
This paper analyzes the air pollution situation in China,particularly the severe intensifying tendency in central North China.Five major comments on the air pollution issue in China are proposed,emphasizing the scient...This paper analyzes the air pollution situation in China,particularly the severe intensifying tendency in central North China.Five major comments on the air pollution issue in China are proposed,emphasizing the scientific understanding on the mechanisms of air pollution formation processes,the interannual variability,the relative roles of climate change and pollutant emissions,the interaction between climate change and atmospheric chemical processes,and the seasonal prediction of air pollution.The viewpoints have significance for air pollution management in China and around the world.展开更多
To further study the fungal community in heavy metal contaminated ecosystems,soil samples were collected from an abandoned chromium(Cr)factory,and fungal community was analyzed by Illumina sequencing of Internal Trans...To further study the fungal community in heavy metal contaminated ecosystems,soil samples were collected from an abandoned chromium(Cr)factory,and fungal community was analyzed by Illumina sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)amplicons.The results showed that Cr contamination changed the composition and structure of soil fungal community,but didn’t change the diversity.Fungus showed various responses to Cr contamination.LEfSe analysis revealed that the biomarker changed a lot in the Cr-contaminated samples in comparison with that in the control samples.The changes in fungal community may be caused by the direct toxic effects on fungi by high concentration of Cr and the significant change in soil properties resulting from Cr contamination.Among all the Cr fractions,organic matter-bound Cr and exchangeable Cr showed significant effects on the fungal community and organic matter also showed a significant effect on soil fungal community.展开更多
文摘P225.2 2005010205 基于CPLD的脉冲激光测距飞行时间测量=Measurement of flight time for pulsed laser ranging based on CPLD[刊, 中]／杨成伟(清华大学电子工程系．北京(100084))．霍玉晶…∥激光与红外.-2004．34(2).-106-108 研制了基于CPLD的脉冲激光测距飞行时间测量系统。CPLD的使用提高了激光测距仪的精度,并且可灵活修改设计,使同一硬件系统可用于不同类型的脉冲激光测距仪的飞行时间测量。此系统结构简单,体积小,可靠性高,非常适合高性能手持式脉冲激光测距仪。图2参5(杨妹清)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research impacts of agricultural non-point pol- lution on water-source region in Songhua Dam, laying foundation for control of water pollution and scientific protection of water-source region. [Method] Water in Muyang River, lengshui River and Zizania aquatica region were sampled to measure content of pollutants in water and conclude relation between water contamination and agri- cultural non-point pollution to find the major cause of pollution. [Result] Organic pollu- tant in Muyang River was higher; N and P contents in Lengshui River were higher; the measured indices in Zizania aquatica region excessively exceeded related stan- dard. [Conclusion] The chemical fertilizers and pesticides are the toxic materials lead- ing to water contamination and constitute a major cause of pollution in Songhua Dam water-source region. Agricultural non-point pollution should be controlled in a scientific way.
文摘P427.1 2004064488 AML-1车载测污激光雷达探测大气边界层气溶胶=Measurements of planetary boundary layer aerosols with mobile lidar AML-1[刊,中]/张改霞(中科院安徽光机所大气光学重点实验室.安徽,合肥(230031)),张寅超…∥强激光与粒子束.—2004.16(3).—286-290 介绍了自行研制用于环境监测的车载式激光雷达(AML-1)系统及典型特点,其在测量气溶胶时不但可以全天候探测,还可以从不同仰角进行测量,对实现连续、实时、大范围监测大气污染有着重要的意义。结合该激光雷达的特点,从垂直、斜程。
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201003014)Key Projects in the National Science&Technology Pillar Program(2012BAD15B03)~~
文摘Farmland nutrient loss has become one of the main reason causing agri- cultural nonpoint source pollution and water nitrogen, phosphorus eutrophication. Agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring techniques and methods are very important in agricultural nonpoint source pollution control. This paper reviews the various monitoring techniques of agricultural non-point source pollution, including runoff pollutant monitoring, leaching pollutant monitoring and on-line monitoring. The runoff pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included artificial simulation of rain- fall runoff method, flow meter method, weir method and volumetric method. The leaching pollutant monitoring methods are mainly included leaching plate method, leaching gutter method, leakage pooling method, pumping filter pipe method and simulating soil column method. Although online monitoring of farmland nutrient loss still exists some technical bottlenecks and economic limitations, it is the future di- rection of development.
基金UndertheauspicesoftheNationalNaturalScienceFoundationof China (No.4033100830270225)
文摘Ecological restoration is widely employed from tens to millions of hectares in space,and from tens of days to thousands of years in time, which forces consideration of it thoroughly. We argue that three questions are the most important among the contents relevant of ecological restoration, including why, what and how to restore degraded systems. Why to restore determines whether or not the degraded ecological systems should be restored. What to restore is the goal of ecological restoration. The explicit goal of ecological restoration is necessary to guide ecological restoration workers in pursuit of excellence and prevent restoration from being swamped by purely technological activities. And how to restore means the methods and steps we should apply. To ensure the final success of ecological restoration, restored sites should be monitored and managed for long time to determine whether the selected methods are appropriate, and can be remedy better. Only to deal with these effectively, ecological restoration would be the hope for the future.
文摘The purpose of the study is to generate traffic air information system） to determine a proper zone of AQMS （air analyzed were carbon monoxide （CO）, and nitrogen oxides （NOx） pollution map using mathematical model and GIS （geographic quality monitoring station） in municipality area. The pollutants which can be harmful to people living in the area. The three steps of mapping process were performed under the GIS environment using the existing vehicle emission rates and pollutant dispersion model. First, traffic volume, road network, and the emission rates of road segments varying with types of vehicle were collected from existing data. Second, the pollutant concentrations were calculated by use of CALINE4, a tool with Gaussian dispersion model. The model parameters include emission rate, wind directions and speeds, ambient temperature and observed pollutant concentration, and atmospheric stability during all seasons from the January 1, 2010 to May 31,2011 with regardless the rainy season. This resulted in concentrations at many receptor points along links of the road network. Third, distributions of pollution concentrations were generated by means of the spatial interpolation of those from receptors. The results of pollution raster-based maps are used for determining frequency of violence and combined pollution map. The resulting frequency of violence and intensity concentration will be further integrated to determine a potential area of AQMS. Finally, achieving pollution potential area of AQMS can be located as helpful basic data for efficient traffic and transportation planning.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [grant numbers 4208810191744311+1 种基金42025502and 41991283]。
文摘Complex air pollution problems have resulted in considerable adverse impacts on the environment,human health,and economy in China.However,owing to strict regulations since 2013,the air quality has been greatly improved.Now,the prevention of air pollution has entered a critical stage in combination with climate change mitigation in China.Accurate seasonal to interannual prediction of air pollution(haze,surface 03,and sandstorms) could support the government in planning for air pollution control on an annual basis.Scientists from all over the world have made great progress in understanding climate change and the variability of air pollution and associated physical mechanisms in China,which has provided a scientific basis for the development of climate prediction of air pollution.This paper reviews the progress made in air-pollution climate prediction,and gives some critical insights including update of predictand,change of predictability,and development of coupled model.
文摘The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.
文摘Water pollution is one of the major environmental prob- lems, especially in urban areas. Due to rapid urban expansion and industrialization, water pollution in Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province in central China has become a serious problem for its development. In this study, the surface water quality was evalu- ated using Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index （NCPI）, and the change trend was calculated using methods of Mann-Kendall test and Sen＇s slope estimator, based on the monitoring data from 1998 to 2008. The results show that the NCP1 ranged from 3 to 50 in 70% of the monitoring cases, implying that most rivers were seriously polluted. However, this serious polltuon is expected to be gradually improved, as the concentration of water pollutants and NCPI declined significantly in most rivers. Water pollution in reservoirs was much lower than rivers, and the NCPI in the three monitored reservoirs was lower than 3 in most years, and shows a downward trend. Although the surface water quality was gradually improved, great efforts are still needed to enhance the protection and improvement of surface water environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant number 41421004]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[grant number 2016YFA0600704]
文摘This paper analyzes the air pollution situation in China,particularly the severe intensifying tendency in central North China.Five major comments on the air pollution issue in China are proposed,emphasizing the scientific understanding on the mechanisms of air pollution formation processes,the interannual variability,the relative roles of climate change and pollutant emissions,the interaction between climate change and atmospheric chemical processes,and the seasonal prediction of air pollution.The viewpoints have significance for air pollution management in China and around the world.
基金Project(51504298)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016JJ3146)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(1053320171098)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of ChinaProject supported by the Postdoctoral Research Funding Plan in Central South University,China
文摘To further study the fungal community in heavy metal contaminated ecosystems,soil samples were collected from an abandoned chromium(Cr)factory,and fungal community was analyzed by Illumina sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer(ITS)amplicons.The results showed that Cr contamination changed the composition and structure of soil fungal community,but didn’t change the diversity.Fungus showed various responses to Cr contamination.LEfSe analysis revealed that the biomarker changed a lot in the Cr-contaminated samples in comparison with that in the control samples.The changes in fungal community may be caused by the direct toxic effects on fungi by high concentration of Cr and the significant change in soil properties resulting from Cr contamination.Among all the Cr fractions,organic matter-bound Cr and exchangeable Cr showed significant effects on the fungal community and organic matter also showed a significant effect on soil fungal community.
