测温仪低温段的温度分辨力和测温灵敏度及对测温精度的影响

简要介绍了一种利用半导体发光器件作辅助测量光源、以InGaAs光电二极管作光电转换器件实现的发射率和温度测量仪(工作波长1.5μm、测温范围400℃至1100℃),着重讨论了该仪器低温段的温度分辨力受被测温度、波长带宽、A/D转换电路的设计、探测器的灵敏元尺寸以及测温灵敏度等的影响。得到如下结论:(1)温度越低,则温度分辨力就越低、进而仪器的测温精度也越低。因此只要400℃时的温度分辨力符合要求,则测温范围内的其它测温点都符合要求;(2)波长带宽越窄,则仪器的温度分辨力越低、相应的测温精度也就越低。反之,则越高。但波长带宽越宽,则进入探测器的干扰光就越多,从而导致其测温精度也不高。综合考虑这些因素后,仪器选择Δλ=20nm作为其工作波长的带宽。采用优化设计的仪器参数、尤其是采用高探测率的InGaAs光电二极管作探测器后,在整个测温范围内的测温精度都不低于0.2%,符合设计要求。

一种实用化实时测温系统工作波长优化设计的进一步分析

基于Kirchhoff定律 ,依照测温系统的各主要技术参数与各主要技术指标 (温度分辨力、测温灵敏度、相对测温灵敏度及测温准确度 )之间的关系 ,对利用激光并采用钽酸锂热释电探测器作光电转换器件的实用化实时测温系统的工作波长进行了进一步的优化设计 实验表明 ,在测温范围 4 0 0～ 12 0 0℃内 。

利用激光并采用热释电探测器的实时测温系统的最优设计

基于 Kirchhoff定律 ,利用半导体激光器及钽酸锂 (L i Ta O3)热释电探测器设计了一种实用化的反射式实时测温系统。分析了该系统的测量精度、测温灵敏度及测温范围等主要技术指标与激光源的能量、仪器的工作波长、放大器带宽、光学系统的相对孔径等技术参数间的关系。给出了实际系统主要参数选择的最佳方案。

减色辐射测温的研究

利用三个辐射亮度，彼此相减后再求比的比值与温度的关系测温。该测温方法具有高的测温灵敏度、测温精度和抗干扰能力。

X射线激发深层肌体温度传感材料La_2O_2S∶Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)的测温性质研究

Yb^(3+)、Er^(3+)共掺杂上转换发光材料能被红外光激发,可用于肌体内部温度测量,但上转换材料效率较低,无法实现较深组织温度探测。考虑到Er^(3+)能级可被多种光源布居,较好肌体穿透性的X射线无疑是理想的激发源。本文首次报道了一种新型的深层肌体温度传感材料La_2O_2S∶Yb^(3+),Er^(3+)。数据表明,X射线激发下,在不同温度下的两个绿光发射强度比符合玻尔兹曼分布,最高测温灵敏度达到了0.011 5 K^(-1)。我们相信Yb^(3+)、Er^(3+)共掺的La_2O_2S是可以应用于临床的理想测温材料。

不同探针分子温敏漆的制备及性能对比研究

利用氯化铕（Eu Cl3）、苯甲酸（BA）、菲咯啉（Phen）和2,2′-联吡啶（Bipy）为原料合成了Eu（BA）3Phen和Eu（BA）3Bipy两种配合物,并将两种配合物分别掺入甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）中,在过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）作用下引发聚合,获得不同探针分子的两种温敏漆Eu（BA）3Phen/PMMA和Eu（BA）3Bipy/PMMA。利用红外光谱、紫外吸收光谱和荧光光谱对两种探针分子及温敏漆的特性进行了表征,分析结果表明,探针分子Eu（BA）3Phen的荧光强度明显强于Eu（BA）3Bipy,相对应的两种温敏漆Eu（BA）3Phen/PMMA与Eu（BA）3Bipy/PMMA均有较好的温度猝灭特性,但是对比分析发现在25~35℃和35~45℃温度区间内温敏漆Eu（BA）3Phen/PMMA的灵敏度较高,而在45~55℃和55~65℃温度区间内温敏漆Eu（BA）3Bipy/PMMA的灵敏度较高,可见温敏漆在不同温度区间的测温灵敏度是不同的。

利用PN结测量硅材料的禁带宽度

PN结物理特性实验是一个综合了热学与电学知识的物理实验,通过测量不同温度下结电压的变化,得到PN结温度传感器的灵敏度。进而可以推算出绝对零度下硅的禁带宽度,分析了实验结果误差的主要来源。

Tm^(3+),Yb^(3+)共掺Bi_(2)WO_(6)上转换发光材料的制备及其温度传感性质

用高温固相法制备了不同浓度的Tm^(3+)和Yb^(3+)共掺杂Bi_(2)WO_(6)上转换发光材料.对合成粉末的微结构、上转换发射光谱,以及材料的光学温度传感性质进行了表征和分析.X射线衍射谱结果显示,Tm^(3+)和Yb^(3+)离子的掺杂基本不影响Bi_(2)WO_(6)基质材料的正交晶系结构.在980 nm激发下,Tm^(3+)和Yb^(3+)掺杂摩尔分数分别是1%和6%时获得样品中Tm^(3+)发射强度最大.随激发泵浦功率从199 mW增加到400 mW,1%Tm^(3+),6%Yb^(3+):Bi_(2)WO_(6)样品中Tm^(3+)的4个发射峰强度均增强.199—400 mW激发功率下,样品光强I和激发功率Pn呈现线性关系.计算该范围激发泵浦功率和Tm^(3+)发射强度的关系,得到Tm^(3+)的4个发射峰478,650,685和705 nm分别对应n值为1.01,1.34,1.77和1.75,这表明以上发射峰均源于双光子吸收.980 nm激发(功率379 mW)下,当温度从298 K升高到573 K时,1%Tm^(3+),6%Yb^(3+):Bi_(2)WO_(6)样品中Tm^(3+)的热耦合能级对(^(3)F_(3),^(3)F_(2))产生705 nm和685 nm处发射强度分别增加了28.4倍和31.6倍.拟合样品中Tm^(3+)的热耦合能级对(3F3,3F2)的荧光强度比与温度的关系,计算得到在298 K时,样品最大绝对测温灵敏度为0.00254 K^(-1),最大相对测温灵敏度为0.00144 K–1.同样条件下,拟合非热耦合能级对(3F3,1G4)产生的705 nm和650 nm荧光强度比与温度关系,计算得到在573 K时,最大绝对测温灵敏度为0.167 K^(-1).298 K时最大相对测温灵敏度为0.0378 K^(-1),比热耦合能级(3F_(3),3F_(2))表征温度的相对最大测温灵敏度Sr提高了26倍.

一种实用化实时测温系统的工作波长的最优设计

基于Kirchhoff定律 ,依照测温系统的各主要技术参数与各主要测量指标 (极限灵敏度、测温精度及测温范围 )之间的关系 ,对利用激光并采用钽酸锂热释电探测器作光电转换器件的实用化实时测温系统的工作波长进行了最优化设计。实验表明 ,在测温范围 4 0 0～ 12 0 0℃内 ,测温灵敏度及测温精度均符合设计要求。

星载微波辐射计的计算机仿真研究

星载微波辐射计是大气观测和海洋观测的重要微波遥感仪器,计算机仿真研究对于系统分析、设计、研究和性能的测定具有重要的意义。文章对全功率型微波辐射计进行了计算机仿真研究,建立了全功率型微波辐射计的系统仿真模型,并采用伪随机数模拟微波辐射计信号源,进行了微波辐射计测温灵敏度的仿真测试。仿真测试结果证明了所建模型准确有效,为系统设计提供了重要参考。

Rapid and Sensitive Detection of PRRSV by a Reverse Transcription-Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay

A real-time monitoring reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay was developed for the sensitive and specific detection of prototypic,prevalent North American porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strains.As a higher sensitivity and specificity method than reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR),the RT-LAMP method only used a turbidimeter,exhibited a detection limit corresponding to a 10-4 dilution of template RNA extracted from 250 μL of 105 of the 50% tissue culture infective dose (TCID50) of PRRSV-containing cells,and no cross-reactivity was observed with other related viruses including porcine circovirus type 2,swine influenza virus,porcine rotavirus and classical swine fever virus.From forty-two field samples,33 samples in the RT-LAMP assay was detected positive,whereas three of which were not detected by RT-PCR.Furthermore,in 33 strains of PRRSV,an identical detection rate was observed with the RT-LAMP assay to what were isolated using porcine alveolar macrophages.These findings demonstrated that the RT-LAMP assay has potential clinical applications for the detection of highly pathogenic PRRSV isolates,especially in developing countries.

THE SENSITIVITY TEST STUDY OF AIR-SEA SURFACE FLUX MODEL

In this article, a sensitivity test of air-sea surface flux model was carried out with the field observation data of Project “South China Sea Air-Sea Flux Measurement in 2000”. The results show that sensible heat fluxes are sensitive to observation errors, increasing the error of model calculation; In contrast, the latent heat flux and momentum flux are not as sensitive to observation errors as the sensible heat, and their calculated results are reliable. The test result also verifies the rationality of the surface flux values calculated and the conclusions can be used to detect errors in observed data.

基于NaGdF_(4)∶Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Al^(3+)的复合薄膜上转换发光与光热性能

稀土掺杂的上转换纳米材料在光热传感、生物医学等领域有着广泛的应用前景,但其存在导热性差、测温灵敏度与上转换发光(UCL)强度低的问题,而添加单壁碳纳米管(SWCNT)、贵金属与光子晶体(PCs)是提高其UCL强度与光热性能的有效手段。本文使用溶剂热法合成了NaGdF_(4)∶Er^(3+)/Yb^(3+)/Al^(3+)纳米晶体(UCNPs),通过对比上转换层(UC)、SWCNT/UC、Ag/SWCNT/UC与PCs/Ag/SWCNT/UC的光热性能,研究不同膜层对UCNPs的光热性能影响。结果表明,PCs/Ag/SWCNT/UC具有优异的性能,其红绿光强度分别为UC的3.48倍与4.24倍,其光热转换效率达到33.79%,是UC的1.49倍;并且光学测温绝对灵敏度SA在353 K时达到3.14×10^(-3) K^(-1),相对灵敏度SR在273 K时达到1.87×10^(-2) K^(-1)。本研究为提高光热传感器性能提供了一种有效的策略。

Temperature effect on the sensitivity of the copepod Eucyclops serrulatus （Crustacea, Copepoda, Cyclopoida） to agricultural pollutants in the hyporheic zone

The sensitivity of freshwater invertebrates to agricultural pollutants is supposed to increase with rising temperature due to global warming. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of temperature on the lethal toxicity of ammonia-N, the herbicide Imazamox and the mixture of the two chemicals, in the adults and the juveniles of a population of the copepod Eucyc- lops serrulatus. This is a widely distributed species found in surface waters, in transitional habitats between surface water and groundwater, and in genuine groundwater environments. We tested the sensitivity by short-term bioassays （96 h） at 15℃ and 18℃, respectively. Our results highlighted the following： （1） increasing temperature affected the sensitivity of the adults to am- monia-N and of the juveniles to the mixture, all of which were more sensitive to its detrimental effects at 18~C; （2） the juvenile stages were more sensitive than the adults to all toxicants, and （3） for all combinations of chemicals and temperatures, the effects were synergistic and approximately one order of magnitude greater than those expected according to a concentration addition model when comparing the LC50 for each chemical in the mixture with the LC50s of chemicals individually assayed. Overall, in a context of global change, ammonia-N and mixtures of agricultural pollutants may affect the survival rate of species that spend a part or the whole life-cycle in the hyporheic habitat, with detrimental effects to biodiversity and ecosystem services provided by the hyporheic biota [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 629~540, 2015].

The effect of the boron-ions implantation on the performance of RADFETs

In this work, we studied on the boron-ions implantation, including the implant dose and post-annealing temperature on the performance of PMOS radiation field-effect transistors(RADFETs) in experimental. The possible traps and defects induced by ions implantation in the gate-oxide and their further impacting on the sensitivity and dose range of RADFETs were analyzed qualitatively. Our devices had the dry/wet/dry sandwich gate-oxide of 420 nm thick. Different ion-implanting doses and post-annealing temperatures were carried out during the RADFETs fabrication. We built a real time auto-measurement system to realize the auto-state-switch between irradiation and read-out modes, and in-situ measurement of output voltage for ten devices in turn at once of radiation experiment. The threshold voltage, dose range and sensitivity of RADFETs were extracted and analyzed in detail. The results showed that the highest sensitivity of 229 mV/Gy achieved when the implant dose was2.2×1011 cm.2 and the post-annealing temperature was 1000°C, and the dose range of 34 Gy as well.