AIM： Although most patients with achalasia respond to pneumatic dilation, one-third experienced recurrence, and prolonged follow-up studies on parameters associated with various outcomes are scanty. In this retrospec...AIM： Although most patients with achalasia respond to pneumatic dilation, one-third experienced recurrence, and prolonged follow-up studies on parameters associated with various outcomes are scanty. In this retrospective study, we reported a 15-years＇ experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with primary achalasia, and determined whether previously described predictors of outcome remain significant after endoscopic dilation. METHODS： Between September 1989 and September 2004, 39 consecutive patients with primary symptomatic achalasia （diagnosed by clinical presentation, esophagoscopy, barium esophagogram, and manometry） who received balloon dilation were followed up at regular intervals in person or by phone interview. Remission was assessed by a structured interview and a previous symptoms score. The median dysphagia-free duration was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS： Symptoms were dysphagia （n = 39, 100%）, regurgitation （n = 23, 58.7%）, chest pain （n = 4, 10.2%）, and weight loss （n = 26, 66.6%）. A total of 74 dilations were performed in 39 patients; 13 patients （28%） underwent a single dilation, 17 patients （48.7%） required a second procedure within a median of 26.7 mo （range 5-97mo）, and 9 patients （23.3%） underwent a third procedure within a median of 47.8 mo （range 37-120 mo）. Post-dilation lower esophageal sphincter （LES） pressure, assessed in 35 patients, has decreased from a baseline of 35.8±10.4- 10.0±7.1 mmHg after the procedure. The median follow-up period was 9.3 years （range 0.5-15 years）. The dysphagia- free duration by Kaplan-Neier analysis was 78%, 61% and 58.3% after 5, 10 and 15 years respectively. CONCLUSION： Balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment for primary achalasia. Post-dilation LES pressure estimation may be useful in assessing response. 2005 The W.IG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.展开更多
Most solutions for detecting buffer overflow are based on source code. But the requirement tor source code is not always practical especially for business software. A new approach was presented to detect statically th...Most solutions for detecting buffer overflow are based on source code. But the requirement tor source code is not always practical especially for business software. A new approach was presented to detect statically the potential buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the binary code of software. The binary code was translated into assembly code without the lose of the information of string operation functions. The feature code abstract graph was constructed to generate more accurate constraint statements, and analyze the assembly code using the method of integer range constraint. After getting the elementary report on suspicious code where buffer overflows possibly happen, the control flow sensitive analysis using program dependence graph was done to decrease the rate of false positive. A prototype was implemented which demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the new approach.展开更多
文摘AIM： Although most patients with achalasia respond to pneumatic dilation, one-third experienced recurrence, and prolonged follow-up studies on parameters associated with various outcomes are scanty. In this retrospective study, we reported a 15-years＇ experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with primary achalasia, and determined whether previously described predictors of outcome remain significant after endoscopic dilation. METHODS： Between September 1989 and September 2004, 39 consecutive patients with primary symptomatic achalasia （diagnosed by clinical presentation, esophagoscopy, barium esophagogram, and manometry） who received balloon dilation were followed up at regular intervals in person or by phone interview. Remission was assessed by a structured interview and a previous symptoms score. The median dysphagia-free duration was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS： Symptoms were dysphagia （n = 39, 100%）, regurgitation （n = 23, 58.7%）, chest pain （n = 4, 10.2%）, and weight loss （n = 26, 66.6%）. A total of 74 dilations were performed in 39 patients; 13 patients （28%） underwent a single dilation, 17 patients （48.7%） required a second procedure within a median of 26.7 mo （range 5-97mo）, and 9 patients （23.3%） underwent a third procedure within a median of 47.8 mo （range 37-120 mo）. Post-dilation lower esophageal sphincter （LES） pressure, assessed in 35 patients, has decreased from a baseline of 35.8±10.4- 10.0±7.1 mmHg after the procedure. The median follow-up period was 9.3 years （range 0.5-15 years）. The dysphagia- free duration by Kaplan-Neier analysis was 78%, 61% and 58.3% after 5, 10 and 15 years respectively. CONCLUSION： Balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment for primary achalasia. Post-dilation LES pressure estimation may be useful in assessing response. 2005 The W.IG Press and Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
文摘Most solutions for detecting buffer overflow are based on source code. But the requirement tor source code is not always practical especially for business software. A new approach was presented to detect statically the potential buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the binary code of software. The binary code was translated into assembly code without the lose of the information of string operation functions. The feature code abstract graph was constructed to generate more accurate constraint statements, and analyze the assembly code using the method of integer range constraint. After getting the elementary report on suspicious code where buffer overflows possibly happen, the control flow sensitive analysis using program dependence graph was done to decrease the rate of false positive. A prototype was implemented which demonstrates the feasibility and efficiency of the new approach.
