[Objective]The experiment aimed to study the effects of meteorological factors under different weather conditions on soil respiration. [ Method] The path analysis was used to analyze meteorological factors which influ...[Objective]The experiment aimed to study the effects of meteorological factors under different weather conditions on soil respiration. [ Method] The path analysis was used to analyze meteorological factors which influenced soil respiration of wheat field under different weather condition and at jointing stage. [ Result] In sunny day, the correlations between ground temperature at 5 cm, solar radiation, air relative humidity, air temperature and soil respiration were all at significant level while solar radiation and ground temperature at 5 cm were the major factors which influenced soil respiration. In cloudy day, solar radiation was a major factor which influenced soil respiration.[ Conclusion] The soil respiration and surplus path coefficient in sunny day were all higher than these in cloudy day, which demonstrated that except influenced by ground temperature, air temperature, solar radiation and air relative humidity, the soil respiration was also influenced by other factors especially biological factor.展开更多
Purpose： The relationship between acute exercise and executive functions in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） has not been clearly established. The purpose of this preliminary st...Purpose： The relationship between acute exercise and executive functions in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） has not been clearly established. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the difference in cognitive performance between college students with and without ADHD and to explore the effects of acute exercise on multiple aspects of executive functions and on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Methods： College students （normal： n = 10; ADHD： n = 10） performed the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Digit Span Test prior to and after an acute exercise intervention. Blood samples were obtained prior to the pre-test cognitive test performance and then again after exercise and prior to the post-test cognitive test performance. Results： Students with ADHD exhibited impaired executive functions, particularly on inhibition. Additionally, while acute exercise improved all aspects of executive functions in those without ADHD, acute exercise only improved inhibitory performance for those with ADHD. Further, BDNF was not influenced by acute exercise regardless of the subjects＇ ADHD status. Conclusion： These results provide preliminary evidence for exercise as a potential adjunct treatment for benefitting inhibition in college students with ADHD.展开更多
This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana p...This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.展开更多
Maintaining soil phosphorus （P） at adequate levels for plant growth requires assessing how the long-term P balance （viz., the difference between P inputs and outputs） results in changes in soil test P. The hypothe...Maintaining soil phosphorus （P） at adequate levels for plant growth requires assessing how the long-term P balance （viz., the difference between P inputs and outputs） results in changes in soil test P. The hypothesis that routinely measured soil properties can help predict the conversion factor of P balance into Olsen P was tested at 39 sites in agricultural areas of the Mediterranean region in Spair~. A set of soil samples from each site was analyzed for Olsen P, inorganic P （P extracted using 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4）, pseudototal P （P extracted using 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 following ignition at 550 ~C）, and organic P （the difference between pseudototal P and inorganic P）. Organic and Olsen P were uncorrelated in most of the 39 soil sets, which suggests that organic P content changed little with P inputs and outputs. The slopes of the regression lines of Olsen P against pseudototal and inorganic P, which were used as two different measures of the conversion factor, ranged widely （from 0.03 to 0.25 approximately）, with their average values （about 0.10） being similar to those found in long-term experiments conducted in temperate areas. Neither conversion factor was significantly correlated with any routinely measured soil property; however, the conversion factor for inorganic P was significantly lower for calcareous soils than for noncalcareous soils. Our negative results suggest the need to isolate the influence of soil properties from that of management systems and environmental factors relating to P dynamics in future studies.展开更多
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing Universityof Information Science and Technology(80124)~~
文摘[Objective]The experiment aimed to study the effects of meteorological factors under different weather conditions on soil respiration. [ Method] The path analysis was used to analyze meteorological factors which influenced soil respiration of wheat field under different weather condition and at jointing stage. [ Result] In sunny day, the correlations between ground temperature at 5 cm, solar radiation, air relative humidity, air temperature and soil respiration were all at significant level while solar radiation and ground temperature at 5 cm were the major factors which influenced soil respiration. In cloudy day, solar radiation was a major factor which influenced soil respiration.[ Conclusion] The soil respiration and surplus path coefficient in sunny day were all higher than these in cloudy day, which demonstrated that except influenced by ground temperature, air temperature, solar radiation and air relative humidity, the soil respiration was also influenced by other factors especially biological factor.
文摘Purpose： The relationship between acute exercise and executive functions in college students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD） has not been clearly established. The purpose of this preliminary study was to examine the difference in cognitive performance between college students with and without ADHD and to explore the effects of acute exercise on multiple aspects of executive functions and on serum brain derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）. Methods： College students （normal： n = 10; ADHD： n = 10） performed the Stroop Test, Trail Making Test, and Digit Span Test prior to and after an acute exercise intervention. Blood samples were obtained prior to the pre-test cognitive test performance and then again after exercise and prior to the post-test cognitive test performance. Results： Students with ADHD exhibited impaired executive functions, particularly on inhibition. Additionally, while acute exercise improved all aspects of executive functions in those without ADHD, acute exercise only improved inhibitory performance for those with ADHD. Further, BDNF was not influenced by acute exercise regardless of the subjects＇ ADHD status. Conclusion： These results provide preliminary evidence for exercise as a potential adjunct treatment for benefitting inhibition in college students with ADHD.
文摘This study was conducted using seeds in Petri dish containing agar medium in order to determine acetyl-CoA carboxylase （ACCase） herbicides resistance （R） in Avena sterilis that was grown in wheat fields at Adana province, Turkey. Seeds were collected from one large suspected field, where clodinafop-propargyl （Aryloxyphenoxypropionate “FOPs”） and pinoxaden （Phenylpyrazoline “DEN”） have been applied for many years. Susceptible （S） population was collected from the road side on the same region. Agar media of concentration 14 g/L was prepared and it was melted in microwave. Then the amount of 20 mL agar media was added into each Petri dish. Five seeds were placed on agar mediums containing discriminating dose of clodinafop and pinoxaden. Petri dishes were placed in growth incubator operating at 10 °C. After 15 d, both radicle and hypocotyl length were measured. The percentage of germinated seed and dose-response curves were determined. At these different concentration levels, there were more than 50% of R and less than 40% of S seed germinated for pinoxaden. However, for clodinafop, more than 60% of R and less than 50% of S seeds were germinated. At higher concentration levels, the populations of resistant and susceptible were not germinated for both herbicides. The resistance value of R population was then compared with that of the S biotype. From the resistance index （RI）, the population was more resistant to pinoxaden （7.43 for radicle and 2.47 for hypocotyl） than the clodinafop-propagyl （1.39 for radicle and 3.77 for hypocotyl）. The method provided a simple, quick and cost effective way to identify ACCase herbicides resistance in most grass weeds.
基金funded by the former Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(No.AGL201129893-C02-02)the European Regional Development Fund
文摘Maintaining soil phosphorus （P） at adequate levels for plant growth requires assessing how the long-term P balance （viz., the difference between P inputs and outputs） results in changes in soil test P. The hypothesis that routinely measured soil properties can help predict the conversion factor of P balance into Olsen P was tested at 39 sites in agricultural areas of the Mediterranean region in Spair~. A set of soil samples from each site was analyzed for Olsen P, inorganic P （P extracted using 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4）, pseudototal P （P extracted using 0.5 mol L-1 H2SO4 following ignition at 550 ~C）, and organic P （the difference between pseudototal P and inorganic P）. Organic and Olsen P were uncorrelated in most of the 39 soil sets, which suggests that organic P content changed little with P inputs and outputs. The slopes of the regression lines of Olsen P against pseudototal and inorganic P, which were used as two different measures of the conversion factor, ranged widely （from 0.03 to 0.25 approximately）, with their average values （about 0.10） being similar to those found in long-term experiments conducted in temperate areas. Neither conversion factor was significantly correlated with any routinely measured soil property; however, the conversion factor for inorganic P was significantly lower for calcareous soils than for noncalcareous soils. Our negative results suggest the need to isolate the influence of soil properties from that of management systems and environmental factors relating to P dynamics in future studies.
