非洲菊DUS测试数量性状影响因素研究

以19个非洲菊(Gerbera jamesonii)品种为材料,采用地栽、浅植、深植3种栽培方式研究花发育阶段、测试时期、栽培方式对其DUS测试数量性状的影响。结果显示:花发育阶段对测试数量性状影响明显,随着开花程度的加深,花序梗长度明显伸长,花序直径、花心直径增长至开放5轮两性小花后停止;测试时期对测试结果也有较大影响,冬天、夏天测试值均明显低于春天;半年的测量结果表明,上海地区6月最适于非洲菊生长;在常规栽培管理条件下,地栽方式最利于非洲菊生长,其叶长度、叶宽度、花序梗长度,花序直径等均明显高于另2种方式。

萱草属DUS测试中数量性状的测量方法研究

为了减小特异性、一致性和稳定性(Distinctness,uniformity and stability,DUS)测试中的数量性状观测误差,提高测量精度,本研究以种植于上海的30个萱草品种为试材,比对了定植时间、测量时期和观测部位对DUS测试数量性状的影响,分析了数量性状间的相关性,探讨了通过其它性状推测花直径的可行性。结果表明:定植时间主要影响叶丛、叶片和花葶3个部位的数量性状;移栽会影响其性状表达,第2个生长季叶丛高度和直径、叶片长度和宽度、花葶长度和粗度及花数量均明显大于第1个生长季观测值,大部分性状第3个生长季观测值均等于或小于第2个生长季的观测值;随着花序向上开放,花葶长度、花葶粗度和花数量基本无显著差异,其余5个性状不断变小;叶相关数量性状在营养生长期与盛花期测量无显著差异;所有数量性状与2~11个其他性状间存在显著相关,3个数量性状就能区分所收集的30个品种;通过外花被片长度和花型可以推测花直径。综上,萱草DUS测试需在休眠根状茎定植后的第2个生长季进行观测,前3朵正常开放的花均可为观测对象,叶相关性状可以改在盛花期测量,该结果可为萓草属数量性状的准确采集提供参考。

The climate change variations in the northern Greater Khingan Mountains during the past centuries

The Greater Khingan Mountains （Daxinganling） are China＇s important ecological protective screen and also the region most sensitive to climate changes. To gain an in-depth understanding and reveal the climate change characteristic in this high-latitude, cold and data-insufficient region is of great importance to maintaining ecological safety and corre- sponding to global climate changes. In this article, the annual average temperature, precipi- tation and sunshine duration series were firstly constructed using tree-ring data and the me- teorological observation data. Then, using the climate tendency rate method, moving-t-testing method, Yamamoto method and wavelet analysis method, we have investigated the climate changes in the region during the past 307 years. Results indicate that, since 1707, the annual average temperature increased significantly, the precipitation increased slightly and the sun- shine duration decreased, with the tendency rates of 0.06~C/10a, 0.79 mm/10a and -5.15 h/10a, respectively （P〈~0.01）. Since the 21 st century, the period with the greatest increase of the annual average temperature （also with the greatest increase of precipitation） corresponds to the period with greatest decrease of sunshine duration. Three sudden changes of the an- nual average temperature and sunshine duration occurred in this period while two sudden changes of precipitation occurred. The strong sudden-change years of precipitation and sunshine duration are basically consistent with the sudden-change years of annual average temperature, suggesting that in the mid-1860s, the climatic sudden change or transition really existed in this region. In the time domain, the climatic series of this region exhibit obvious local variation characteristics. The annual average temperature and sunshine duration exhibit the periodic variations of 25 years while the precipitation exhibits a periodic variation of 20 years. Based on these periodic characteristics, one can infer that in the period from 2013 to 2030, the temperature will be at a high-temperature stage, the precipitation will be at an abundant-precipitation stage and the sunshine duration will be at an less-sunshine stage. In terms of spatial distribution, the leading distribution type of the annual average temperature in this region shows integrity, i.e：, it is easily higher or lower in the whole region; and the second distribution type is more （or less） in the southwest parts and less （or more） in the northeast parts. Precipitation and sunshine duration exhibit complex spatial distribution and include four spatial distribution types. The present study can provide scientific basis for the security in- vestigation of homeland, ecological and water resources as well as economic development programming in China＇s northern borders.