计程仪测速创新方法研究

为了在非理想环境的测速场或者没有测速场进行相对计程仪的准确测速,在通用方法基础上,论述了两种切实可行有效的测速新方法,通过理论及实验证明,实用性较强,具有一定的推广价值。

测速误差分析与计算

本文在分析速度测量误差和数据处理误差的基础上导出了各种误差的计算公式,并举例进行了计算分析。

光场三维速度和温度同步测量技术仿真分析

本文提出了LF-PIV(单相机光场测速技术)与基于温敏磷光粒子衰减时间的测温技术相结合的三维速度和温度同步测量技术,实验校准了温敏示踪粒子(Mg_3F_2GeO_4:Mn)光强衰减时间和温度的对应关系,仿真分析了相机曝光时间特性对测量准确性的影响。在相机两帧图像曝光时间可控条件下,利用DNS(Direct Numerical Simulation)得到的水射流数据进行数字合成图像仿真(射流温度及环境温度为均一温度343.15K)。重构了三维粒子光强,反算了温度及速度场,分析了测量误差。在现有光场相机硬件参数条件下进行了可测量速度的理论分析及仿真研究。结果表明:在相机两帧图像曝光时间可控条件下,本文所提方法可实现三维速度和温度同步测量;但受现有光场相机硬件参数限制,目前可测量的速度较小。

航海学中船速与计程仪改正率公式的探讨

本文指出了《航海学》教材中关于船速与计程仪改正率公式的推导和表达中所存在的问题,并从定义和数学的角度加以分析与论证.

Laser Measurement and Intensity Evaluation of Intake Swirl in Engine Using a Water Analog

The intake swirl in the cylinder was induced by a swirler which was fixed in one of two intake ports. In order to understand the characteristics of the intake swirl, a transparent water analog was designed which simulated 150 type single cylinder engine. At the same time, the particle image velocimetry was used to measure the flow fields induced by various swirlers in the analog. After measurement, a new method was presented to evaluate the intensity of the intake swirl. Then, when the measured sections, the lifts of valve and the swirlers were different, the calculated results of the flow field were compared.

MEASUREMENT AND VISUALIZATION OF FLOW FIELD IN AXIAL FLOW FAN

An experimental investigation associated with the basic fluid mechanics in an axial flow fan is described in this paper. The flow field in the tip region has been studied by laser Doppler anemometer (LDA) and flow visualization technique. Some experimental data and images are interpreted to understand the complex interactions between the annulus wall boundary layer and the leakage flow. It shows that the vortex inside the blade passage is produced by the separation of annulus wall boundary layer rather than the rolling up of leakage flow.

Sub- and Super-Luminal Phenomena in a Doubly Driven Four-Level System

With the occurrence of an adding driving field, the properties of the dispersion and the absorption of a four-level system are changed greatly. The system can produce the normal and anomalous dispersion regions with proper parameters. Here, the driving fields can be seemed as knobs to manipulate the group velocity of a weak probe field between subluminal and superluminal.

基于卷积神经网络深度学习模型的光场显微三维粒子空间分布重建

光场显微粒子图像测速技术通过单光场相机即可实现微尺度三维速度场的测量,但单光场相机角度信息有限,导致粒子重建的轴向分辨率低、重建速度慢。基于此,提出一种基于卷积神经网络深度学习模型的光场显微粒子三维空间分布重建方法,以实现粒子三维分布的高分辨率快速重建。首先,根据光场显微成像模型,基于粒子的实际发光特性生成模拟光场图像,进而构建“粒子空间分布-光场图像”数据集;然后,耦合光场显微成像特点,建立卷积神经网络深度学习模型,通过“粒子空间分布-光场图像”数据集对模型进行学习和训练,获得光场显微三维粒子空间分布预测模型,并对预测模型的性能进行评价;最后,测量水平微通道层流流动中的示踪粒子空间分布和三维速度场。模拟和实验结果表明:相比常规的反卷积方法,所提方法的粒子重建轴向分辨率提高79.3%,基本消除了粒子重建的拉伸效应;单张图像重建时间仅为0.243 s,可以满足实时测量的需求。

Ground-borne vibration generated by high-speed train viaduct systems in soft-upper/hard-lower rock strata

An experimental study and theoretical analysis were carried out to explore the ground-borne vibration generated by elevated high-speed railway in rock strata.Taking a typical rail line constructed on rock area in China as the research object,a set of field tests was performed on Rizhao-Lankao High-Speed Railway,the bridge and ground vibrations were measured as trains passed at 330−340 km/h,then the transferring law and spatial distribution under individual frequencies were investigated.The experiment results indicate that the bridge frequency spectrum exhibited relatively high-frequency vibration peaks caused by short-wavelength irregularity;ground vibration farther than 30 m away can be amplified with a higher frequency and numerous components.Furthermore,the wave propagation equation of a stratified rock strata was established based on direct-stiffness method to explore the vibration attenuation rules via frequency-domain analysis.It is found that the rock area has a weaker correlation between vibration transmissibility and frequency,thicker and harder rock strata loss their vibration attenuation capacity.It can be concluded that the high-speed railways induced vibration on rock strata shows a wide frequency band and large amplitude,the design of reducing vibration aimed at specific frequency is important according to next more detailed numerical study.

Study of measurements of air velocity transducer deriving average air velocity of roadway based on one-dimensional linear regression

One-dimensional linear regression equation between measured value of air velocity transducer and the average air velocity was established by experimental data. The effect is to be evaluated. Through judging the parameters, one-dimensional linear equation established is valid. Regression equation can approximately put the measurements of air velocity transducer into the value of average air velocity. The distribution of air velocity field is simulated using Comsol in the conditions of the same length of roadway, the same air velocity and different sections.

Flow Field Around Rushton Turbine in Stirred Tank by Particle Image Velocimetry Measurement

In this paper, particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to measure the mean and root meansquare(RMS) velocity in the stirred tank with six-flat blade Rushton turbine and with no baffles. Two typesof motion patterns were studied. One was that the impeller runs at constant speed, the other was that the impellerruns at time-dependent speed and in a periodic way. The emphasis of the paper was on the comparison of meanand RMS velocity vector maps and profiles between these two types of motion patterns, and especial attention waspaid to the comparison of the mean velocity, time-averaged RMS velocity, phase averaged RMS velocity betweenthe constant 3 RPS (revolution per second) and time-dependent operation. The Reynolds number was between 763and 1527. The study explained the mechanism that time-dependent RPS is more efficient for mixing than that ofconstant RPS.

Measurements of ocean wave and current field using dual polarized X-band radar

A new ocean wave and sea surface current monitoring system with horizontally-(HH) and vertically-(VV) polarized X-band radar was developed.Two experiments into the use of the radar system were carried out at two sites,respectively,for calibration process in Zhangzi Island of the Yellow Sea,and for validation in the Yellow Sea and South China Sea.Ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities were retrieved from the dual polarized radar image sequences based on an inverse method.The results obtained from dual-polarized radar data sets acquired in Zhangzi Island are compared with those from an ocean directional buoy.The results show that ocean wave parameters and sea surface current velocities retrieved from radar image sets are in a good agreement with those observed by the buoy.In particular,it has been found that the vertically-polarized radar is better than the horizontally-polarized radar in retrieving ocean wave parameters,especially in detecting the significant wave height below 1.0 m.

Wind Speed Forecasting Based on ARMA-ARCH Model in Wind Farms

Wind speed forecasting is signif icant for wind farm planning and power grid operation. The research in this paper uses Eviews software to build the ARMA (autoregressive moving average) model of wind speed time series, and employs Lagrange multipliers to test the ARCH (autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity) effects of the residuals of the ARMA model. Also, the corresponding ARMA-ARCH models are established, and the wind speed series are forecasted by using the ARMA model and ARMA-ARCH model respectively. The comparison of the forecasting accuracy of the above two models shows that the ARMA-ARCH model possesses higher forecasting accuracy than the ARMA model and has certain practical value.

Measurement and analysis of Doppler shift for high-speed rail scenario

Based on the analysis of the impact of Doppler shift to the railway dedicated mobile communication quality under the condition of high-speed mobility,this paper presents a Doppler shift measurement approach based on the phase estimation of frequency correction channel(FCCH) which correctly reflects the time-varying characteristic of the channel with a testing system developed.The Doppler shift data under the high-speed condition is collected,processed,analyzed,and compared with the simulation results.The scientific laws of the Doppler shift distribution of radio channel under high-speed condition are obtained.These data and analysis are essential for the establishment of high-speed railway Doppler power spectrum model and the development of the key technology of antiDoppler shift.

Performance and Adaptation of the Vallerani Mechanized Water Harvesting System in Degraded Badia Rangelands

Rainwater harvesting in micro-catchments such as contour ridges and semicircular bunds is an option for utilizing the limited rainfall, improving productivity and combating land degradation in dry rangeland areas （Badia）. However, implementation of this practice using manual labor or traditional machinery is slow, tedious and costly, and often impractical on a large scale. These limitations can be overcome using the ＂Vallerani＂ plow for quickly constructing continuous and intermittent ridges. The plow （model Delfino （50 MI/CM）, manufactured by Nardi, Italy） was tested and adapted to dry steppe （Badia） conditions in Jordan. The performance of the machine, its weaknesses and potential improvements were assessed in the 2006/07 season at three sites on 165 hectares of various terrain, slope and soil conditions. The performance parameters included effective field capacity （EFC）, machine efficiency （ME） and fuel consumption （FC）. Field tests were carried out at different tractor （134 HP） traveling speeds, pit sizes and contour spacings. Overall mean performance indicators gave an EFC of 1.2 ha/h, 51% ME and an average FC of 5.15 liter/ha. Increasing ridge spacing had a small effect on ME where, increasing traveling speed had a greater effect. A guide table was developed, relating performance parameters with ridge spacing, speed, and bund size setting. This could be a useful reference for the implementation and management of mechanized micro-catchment construction in the Badia. The system performed well in the construction of continuous ridges. However, it was unable to construct intermittent ridges at speeds over 4km/h; problems were encountered in properly staggering the bunds at successive contours.

Research on Influence of Electromagnetic Interference on X-Ray Digital Detection

X-ray digital imaging technology has found wide application owing to its advantages of real-time, visualization and rapid imaging. In substations the substantial electromagnetic interference has some influence on the live detection by the X-ray digital imaging technology, hindering the promotion of the technology in the detection of electric equipment. Based on a large number of field tests, the author carded out a series of researches on electromagnetic interference protection measures, image de-noising, and image enhancement algorithms.

拉曼激发激光诱导电子荧光流场测量系统中标记过程的研究

研制了一套拉曼激发激光诱导电子荧光空气流场测速系统 ,利用Nd∶YAG激光器的二次谐波及其抽运的氧气受激拉曼散射作为标记光源 ,以ArF准分子激光作为荧光再现光源 ,并用像增强CCD摄像机 (ICCD)记录荧光图像 ,成功地获得了纯氧及空气中的标记线的荧光图像 。

Mapping System,Magnetic Measurement and Shimming in CRM Cyclotron

The Central Region Model(CRM)is a compact H^- cyclotron.Because of the intrinsic asymmetry of the magnet,its machining and assembly are very complicated.To guarantee the magnet field distribution,it is necessary to measure and shim the magnetic field.This paper presents a study on the design and use of the mapping system based on the Hall Effect and the re-machining of shimming bars after analyzing the magnetic field measurement data to achieve the isochronous field and good vertical focusing frequency.The method to effectively reduce the amplitude of the 1st harmonic by shimming bars ls also introduced.

Experimental investigation on the wing-wake interaction at the mid stroke in hovering flight of dragonfly

This paper focuses on flow structures of the wing-wake interaction between the hind wing and the wake of the forewing in hovering flight of a dragonfly since there are arguments whether the wing-wake interaction is useful or not.A mechanical flapping model with two tandem wings is used to study the interaction.In the device,two identical simplified model wings are mounted to the flapping model and they are both scaled up to keep the Reynolds number similar to those of dragonfly in hovering flight since our experiment is conducted in a water tank.The kinetic pattern of dragonfly(Aeschna juncea) is chosen because of its special interesting asymmetry.A multi-slice phase-locked stereo particle image velocimetry(PIV) system is used to record flow structures around the hind wing at the mid downstroke(t/T=0.25) and the mid upstroke(t/T=0.75).To make comparison of the flow field between with and without the influence of the wake,flow structures around a single flapping wing(hind wing without the existence of the forewing) at these two stroke phases are also recorded.A local vortex identification scheme called swirling strength is applied to determine the vortices around the wing and they are visualized with the iso-surface of swirling strength.This paper also presents contour lines of z at each spanwise position of the hind wing,the vortex core position of the leading edge vortex(LEV) of hind wing with respect to the upper surface of hind wing,the circulation of the hind wing LEV at each spanwise position and so on.Experimental results show that dimension and strength of the hind wing LEV are impaired at the mid stroke in comparison with the single wing LEV because of the downwash from the forewing.Our results also reveal that a wake vortex from the forewing traverses the upper surface of the hind wing at the mid downstroke and its distance to the upper surface is about 40% of the wing chord length.At the instant,the distance of the hind wing LEV to the upper surface is about 20% of the wing chord length.Thus,there must be a wing-wake interaction mechanism that makes the wake vortex become an additional LEV of the hind wing and it can partly compensate the hind wing for its lift loss caused by the downwash from the forewing.

The nonresonant perturbation theory based field measurement and tuning of a linac accelerating structure

Assisted by the bead pull technique,nonresonant perturbation theory is applied for measuring and tuning the field of the linac accelerating structure.The method is capable of making non-touching amplitude and phase measurements,real time mismatch feedback and field tuning.Some key considerations of the measurement system and of a C-band traveling-wave structure are discussed,and the bead pull measurement and the tuning of the C-band traveling-wave linac accelerating structure are presented at last.