Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substit...Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substitution line in which a pair of intact chromosomes of TM_1 ( G. hirsutum ) were replaced by a pair of homozygous chromosomes of 3_79 ( G. barbadense ) is an excellent material for genetic research and molecular tagging. In this study, substitution line 16 (Sub 16) was used to evaluate the performance of the 16th chromosome in G. barbadense in TM_1 background. The genetic analysis using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in F 2∶3 family revealed that there might exist 2 QTLs respectively for boll size, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length and the first fruit branch node, 1 QTL for fiber elongation and flowering date, and no QTL for seed index, fiber strength and Micronaire in chromosome 16. However, 9 QTLs (LOD (logarithm of odds)≥3.0) controlling 6 quantitative traits were significantly identified in linkage group of chromosome 16 constructed in (TM_1×3_79) F 2by interval mapping. Among them, 1 QTL for boll size, fiber length, flowering date and fiber elongation could explain 15.2%, 19.7%, 12.1%, and 11.7% phenotypic variance respectively, 2 QTLs for lint index could explain 11.6% and 41.9%, and 3 QTLs for lint percentage could explain 8.7%, 9.6% and 29.2% phenotypic variance respectively. One unlinked SSR marker was associated with one QTL respectively for boll size and flowering date and they could explain 1.60% and 4.63% phenotypic variance. The traits associated significantly with chromosome 16 from Sub 16 were boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length, fiber elongation and flowering days.展开更多
In the supervised classification process of remotely sensed imagery, the quantity of samples is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of the image classification as well as the keys used to evaluate the ...In the supervised classification process of remotely sensed imagery, the quantity of samples is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of the image classification as well as the keys used to evaluate the image classification. In general, the samples are acquired on the basis of prior knowledge, experience and higher resolution images. With the same size of samples and the same sampling model, several sets of training sample data can be obtained. In such sets, which set reflects perfect spectral characteristics and ensure the accuracy of the classification can be known only after the accuracy of the classification has been assessed. So, before classification, it would be a meaningful research to measure and assess the quality of samples for guiding and optimizing the consequent classification process. Then, based on the rough set, a new measuring index for the sample quality is proposed. The experiment data is the Landsat TM imagery of the Chinese Yellow River Delta on August 8th, 1999. The experiment compares the Bhattacharrya distance matrices and purity index zl and △x based on rough set theory of 5 sample data and also analyzes its effect on sample quality.展开更多
Recently more and more innovations enter the manufacture of food products and one of them is food hydrocolloids. Food colloids open a lot of different possibilities in dessert production, which are used to perform cer...Recently more and more innovations enter the manufacture of food products and one of them is food hydrocolloids. Food colloids open a lot of different possibilities in dessert production, which are used to perform certain functions. Pectin is a traditional agent for jams and jellies, but its application extends to fruit products for the food industry. In food product technology pectin is added as gelling agent and stabilizer. The three apple varieties ＂Antonovka＂, ＂Baltais Dzidrais＂ and ＂Zarja Alatau＂ harvested in Latvia State Institute of Fruit Growing were used for the experiment. Photometric measurement was used to determine the composition of pectin. Pectin was isolated from the apple mass by leaching with ethanol, and from the residues by extracting with diluted sodium hydroxide solution. By adding carbasol and sulphuric acid to the extract, through different intermediate stages carroty condensation product formed, which was photometrically measured at 525 nm. Pectin, pH and soluble dry matter were determined in fresh and frozen apple mass from apples of three ripeness stages. On the basis of worked out functional analysis of colloids, it is possible to optimize regulation of heat processes for different ripeness stages of apples. It is established that ripeness stage influences pectin quantity in fruits, but there are no data about pectin quantity changes in frozen fruits. By fruit ripening under the impact of enzyme protopectinase, protopectin hydrolyzes and transforms into pectin, which flows from the intercellular spaces into protoplasm of cells. Therefore ripe as well as heat treated fruits are soft and loose. It is important to measure pectin in frozen apple mass, in order to determine its potential jellying power. For each kind of product appropriate conditions have to be chosen for freezing, as well as the condition of products before freezing has to be taken into consideration in order to reduce the harmful influence on their quality to the minimum. The results of the research indicate that pectin quantity in frozen apple mass has decreased substantially. This susceptibility of sugar containing products to temperature fluctuations possibly is due to their high concentration of unfrozen water and lower melting temperature. It is possible to calculate the mass fraction of ice depending on temperature and moisture content in product which is very important for prognosticating the product quality. The aim of the research is to compare changes of pectin quantity in fresh and frozen apple products depending on storage time. The research is related to application possibilities of the current colloids, which are used in food industry at present.展开更多
Twenty-eight sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench） genotypes of the different ecological and geographic origins： Kazakhstan, Russia, India, Uzbekistan, and China were tested in the high latitude rainfed con...Twenty-eight sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench） genotypes of the different ecological and geographic origins： Kazakhstan, Russia, India, Uzbekistan, and China were tested in the high latitude rainfed conditions of northern Kazakhstan. The genotypes demonstrated high biomass production （up to 100 t＇ha1 and more）. The genotypes ripening to full reproductive seeds were selected for seed production and introduction in the northern Kazakhstan. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum S-1, Streptococcus thermophilus F-1 and Lactococcus lactis F-4 essentially enhance the fermentation process, suppressing undesirable microbiological processes, reducing the loss of nutrient compounds, accelerating in 2 times maturation ensilage process and providing higher quality of the feed product.展开更多
One of the biggest factors to deteriorate the satellite product quality is cloud coverage. Therefore, cloud masking process is important to improve the quality of various satellite products. However, satellite-based c...One of the biggest factors to deteriorate the satellite product quality is cloud coverage. Therefore, cloud masking process is important to improve the quality of various satellite products. However, satellite-based cloud discrimination algorithm has been developing and efficient ground-based cloud observations are necessary to validate satellite-based cloud discrimination. The purpose of this study is to develop the efficient ground-based cloud observation methodology using whole sky camera. This paper deals with methods how to discriminate cloud portions on whole sky image, how to apply the ground-based cloud observation to the validations for satellite products. For the cloud discrimination on whole sky image, we propose SI （sky index） and BI （brightness index） calculated from RGB （red, green and blue） channels. SI shows the extent of the blueness and gray scale and BI indicates the extent of the brightness. Sun, cloud and blue sky portions are divided by SI and BI threshold. As an application of ground-based cloud observation for the validation of satellite products, clouds portions discriminated from whole sky image are projected onto ground surface with map coordinate. We also examine to compare with cloud portions on whole sky images and MODIS （MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） image as one of experiments. The proposed ground-based cloud observation method and its extension to satellite-based cloud discrimination should be connected to improve the quality of satellite products.展开更多
Sustainable development is now considered the only option for collective happiness. This paper aims to highlight the interdependent role of city governance, its quality of life and corporate sustainable development pr...Sustainable development is now considered the only option for collective happiness. This paper aims to highlight the interdependent role of city governance, its quality of life and corporate sustainable development process. A place that is good to live in, means that it is good to inhabit, work at, study invest, and visit. Therefore, public policies makers should think about the role of city administration in order to provide a good environment for entrepreneurship and corporate sustainable development. Territories, regions, cities and firms, must know their capabilities and competencies and define a common vision of the future, taking into account the present and the context in which they operate. Being defined as the strategy based on the principles of collective efficiency and market orientation, the successful implementation of activities requires ＂an operational framework for monitoring, supported by mechanisms of interdepartmental cooperation, and performance measurement procedures based on indicators and monitoring progress＂ （ENDS-2015, 2007）. This paper discusses the implementation of place marketing strategies and adoption, by the city governance, of the best practices of business management such as： balanced score card methodologies, leading to the enhancing of the wellness produced by cities; promoting productivity, innovation and rational use of resources; and developing competences and expertise in order to strength their competitive advantages and achieve the desired sustainable development.展开更多
The main purpose of this study was to detect an association of cytoplasmic signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 （STAT1） with milk production traits in 472 Holstein and 283 Jersey cattle breeds of Tur...The main purpose of this study was to detect an association of cytoplasmic signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 （STAT1） with milk production traits in 472 Holstein and 283 Jersey cattle breeds of Turkey. This gene, located on chromosome 2, was chosen due to its role on development of mammary gland. A polymorphism of selected 314 bp allele fragment was detected by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments （PCR-RFLP） method and also confirmed by DNA sequencing. The association tests were conducted between STAT1 genotypes and some economically important dairy traits. The genotypes for C/T as a single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） were identified at interval 60 cM to 63 cM. The effects of STAT1 gene on milk production traits were not significant in Holstein cows, although animals with CT genotypes showed fairly close to significant value for the corrected 305 d milk yield. However, Jersey cows with/7＂ genotype were 2.07 kg higher for test-day milk yield （P 〈 0.05）, 0.13 kg for fat yield （P 〈 0.01） and 0.07 kg for protein yield （P 〈 0.05） compared with animals having CC and CT genotypes. Definitely, the further research should be conducted to search this gene intensively with larger samples to identify polymorphism and any association between the economically important traits and genotypic class in Holstein cows. Finally, based on the findings, it was concluded that STATI gene might be used as a potential candidate gene to improve milk yield and milk fat and protein contents in dairy cows breeding programs.展开更多
The Quality factor is the parameter that can be used to describe the energy attenuation on seismic wave. In theory, we can obtain the relationship between the change of the coda wave quality factor with time and the s...The Quality factor is the parameter that can be used to describe the energy attenuation on seismic wave. In theory, we can obtain the relationship between the change of the coda wave quality factor with time and the strong earthquake preparation process on the basis of the quality factor of a coda wave in a same ray path. However, in reality the coda wave quality factor measured by different seismic coda waves corresponds to different seismic wave ray paths. The change of the quality factor with time is related to non-elastic characteristics of the medium and the volume of scattering ellipsoid constrained by scattered wave phase fronts, besides the change of regional stress field. This paper discusses the relationship between quality factor, epicenter distance and different lapse time, and then discusses the relationship between quality factor and frequency. Furthermore the determination method of the coda wave quality factor is put forward. The improved determination method of the quality factor, which removes the influence of different earthquakes or propagation depth of scattered waves, may increase measurement precision, thus information pertaining to abnormal changes in quality factor and the relationship between the quality factor and earthquake preparation process can be acquired.展开更多
Injection molding is a complicated production technique for the manufacturing of polymer products. During injection molding, it＇s hard to predict molding quality; the injection molding parameters, such as mold temper...Injection molding is a complicated production technique for the manufacturing of polymer products. During injection molding, it＇s hard to predict molding quality; the injection molding parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure and packing time, affect the final properties of product. The cavity pressure is a significant key factor. Residual stress and injection molding weight are significantly affected by the cavity pressure. This study created an approach to predict weight of injection-molded by real-time online cavity pressure monitoring. This study uses a 6-inch with thickness lmm light guide panel and the largest area beneath the pressure curve of time as well as the maximum pressure as its characteristic. The upper and lower limits of the control are set to ＋2 standard deviations, and GUI （Graphical User Interface）-based LabVIEW software is used to perform calculation and analysis of the pressure curve. The results of the experiment show that the online internal cavity pressure monitoring system can effectively monitor the quality of the molded products. In 500 injection molding cycle tests, its error rate was less than 8%, whereas the deviation in mass of the molded products selected through the system＇s filtering process was successfully controlled to be within ±4%.展开更多
文摘Gossypium hirsutum L. and G. barbadense L. are the two cultivated tetraploid species of cotton. The first is characterized by a high yield and wide adaptation, and the second by its super fiber property. Substitution line in which a pair of intact chromosomes of TM_1 ( G. hirsutum ) were replaced by a pair of homozygous chromosomes of 3_79 ( G. barbadense ) is an excellent material for genetic research and molecular tagging. In this study, substitution line 16 (Sub 16) was used to evaluate the performance of the 16th chromosome in G. barbadense in TM_1 background. The genetic analysis using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model in F 2∶3 family revealed that there might exist 2 QTLs respectively for boll size, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length and the first fruit branch node, 1 QTL for fiber elongation and flowering date, and no QTL for seed index, fiber strength and Micronaire in chromosome 16. However, 9 QTLs (LOD (logarithm of odds)≥3.0) controlling 6 quantitative traits were significantly identified in linkage group of chromosome 16 constructed in (TM_1×3_79) F 2by interval mapping. Among them, 1 QTL for boll size, fiber length, flowering date and fiber elongation could explain 15.2%, 19.7%, 12.1%, and 11.7% phenotypic variance respectively, 2 QTLs for lint index could explain 11.6% and 41.9%, and 3 QTLs for lint percentage could explain 8.7%, 9.6% and 29.2% phenotypic variance respectively. One unlinked SSR marker was associated with one QTL respectively for boll size and flowering date and they could explain 1.60% and 4.63% phenotypic variance. The traits associated significantly with chromosome 16 from Sub 16 were boll weight, lint percentage, lint index, fiber length, fiber elongation and flowering days.
基金Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.40671136）, Open Research Fund from State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science （No.LRSS0610） and the National 863 Program of China （No. 2006AA12Z215）.
文摘In the supervised classification process of remotely sensed imagery, the quantity of samples is one of the important factors affecting the accuracy of the image classification as well as the keys used to evaluate the image classification. In general, the samples are acquired on the basis of prior knowledge, experience and higher resolution images. With the same size of samples and the same sampling model, several sets of training sample data can be obtained. In such sets, which set reflects perfect spectral characteristics and ensure the accuracy of the classification can be known only after the accuracy of the classification has been assessed. So, before classification, it would be a meaningful research to measure and assess the quality of samples for guiding and optimizing the consequent classification process. Then, based on the rough set, a new measuring index for the sample quality is proposed. The experiment data is the Landsat TM imagery of the Chinese Yellow River Delta on August 8th, 1999. The experiment compares the Bhattacharrya distance matrices and purity index zl and △x based on rough set theory of 5 sample data and also analyzes its effect on sample quality.
文摘Recently more and more innovations enter the manufacture of food products and one of them is food hydrocolloids. Food colloids open a lot of different possibilities in dessert production, which are used to perform certain functions. Pectin is a traditional agent for jams and jellies, but its application extends to fruit products for the food industry. In food product technology pectin is added as gelling agent and stabilizer. The three apple varieties ＂Antonovka＂, ＂Baltais Dzidrais＂ and ＂Zarja Alatau＂ harvested in Latvia State Institute of Fruit Growing were used for the experiment. Photometric measurement was used to determine the composition of pectin. Pectin was isolated from the apple mass by leaching with ethanol, and from the residues by extracting with diluted sodium hydroxide solution. By adding carbasol and sulphuric acid to the extract, through different intermediate stages carroty condensation product formed, which was photometrically measured at 525 nm. Pectin, pH and soluble dry matter were determined in fresh and frozen apple mass from apples of three ripeness stages. On the basis of worked out functional analysis of colloids, it is possible to optimize regulation of heat processes for different ripeness stages of apples. It is established that ripeness stage influences pectin quantity in fruits, but there are no data about pectin quantity changes in frozen fruits. By fruit ripening under the impact of enzyme protopectinase, protopectin hydrolyzes and transforms into pectin, which flows from the intercellular spaces into protoplasm of cells. Therefore ripe as well as heat treated fruits are soft and loose. It is important to measure pectin in frozen apple mass, in order to determine its potential jellying power. For each kind of product appropriate conditions have to be chosen for freezing, as well as the condition of products before freezing has to be taken into consideration in order to reduce the harmful influence on their quality to the minimum. The results of the research indicate that pectin quantity in frozen apple mass has decreased substantially. This susceptibility of sugar containing products to temperature fluctuations possibly is due to their high concentration of unfrozen water and lower melting temperature. It is possible to calculate the mass fraction of ice depending on temperature and moisture content in product which is very important for prognosticating the product quality. The aim of the research is to compare changes of pectin quantity in fresh and frozen apple products depending on storage time. The research is related to application possibilities of the current colloids, which are used in food industry at present.
文摘Twenty-eight sweet sorghum （Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moench） genotypes of the different ecological and geographic origins： Kazakhstan, Russia, India, Uzbekistan, and China were tested in the high latitude rainfed conditions of northern Kazakhstan. The genotypes demonstrated high biomass production （up to 100 t＇ha1 and more）. The genotypes ripening to full reproductive seeds were selected for seed production and introduction in the northern Kazakhstan. Lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum S-1, Streptococcus thermophilus F-1 and Lactococcus lactis F-4 essentially enhance the fermentation process, suppressing undesirable microbiological processes, reducing the loss of nutrient compounds, accelerating in 2 times maturation ensilage process and providing higher quality of the feed product.
文摘One of the biggest factors to deteriorate the satellite product quality is cloud coverage. Therefore, cloud masking process is important to improve the quality of various satellite products. However, satellite-based cloud discrimination algorithm has been developing and efficient ground-based cloud observations are necessary to validate satellite-based cloud discrimination. The purpose of this study is to develop the efficient ground-based cloud observation methodology using whole sky camera. This paper deals with methods how to discriminate cloud portions on whole sky image, how to apply the ground-based cloud observation to the validations for satellite products. For the cloud discrimination on whole sky image, we propose SI （sky index） and BI （brightness index） calculated from RGB （red, green and blue） channels. SI shows the extent of the blueness and gray scale and BI indicates the extent of the brightness. Sun, cloud and blue sky portions are divided by SI and BI threshold. As an application of ground-based cloud observation for the validation of satellite products, clouds portions discriminated from whole sky image are projected onto ground surface with map coordinate. We also examine to compare with cloud portions on whole sky images and MODIS （MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer） image as one of experiments. The proposed ground-based cloud observation method and its extension to satellite-based cloud discrimination should be connected to improve the quality of satellite products.
文摘Sustainable development is now considered the only option for collective happiness. This paper aims to highlight the interdependent role of city governance, its quality of life and corporate sustainable development process. A place that is good to live in, means that it is good to inhabit, work at, study invest, and visit. Therefore, public policies makers should think about the role of city administration in order to provide a good environment for entrepreneurship and corporate sustainable development. Territories, regions, cities and firms, must know their capabilities and competencies and define a common vision of the future, taking into account the present and the context in which they operate. Being defined as the strategy based on the principles of collective efficiency and market orientation, the successful implementation of activities requires ＂an operational framework for monitoring, supported by mechanisms of interdepartmental cooperation, and performance measurement procedures based on indicators and monitoring progress＂ （ENDS-2015, 2007）. This paper discusses the implementation of place marketing strategies and adoption, by the city governance, of the best practices of business management such as： balanced score card methodologies, leading to the enhancing of the wellness produced by cities; promoting productivity, innovation and rational use of resources; and developing competences and expertise in order to strength their competitive advantages and achieve the desired sustainable development.
文摘The main purpose of this study was to detect an association of cytoplasmic signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 （STAT1） with milk production traits in 472 Holstein and 283 Jersey cattle breeds of Turkey. This gene, located on chromosome 2, was chosen due to its role on development of mammary gland. A polymorphism of selected 314 bp allele fragment was detected by the restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction-amplified fragments （PCR-RFLP） method and also confirmed by DNA sequencing. The association tests were conducted between STAT1 genotypes and some economically important dairy traits. The genotypes for C/T as a single nucleotide polymorphism （SNP） were identified at interval 60 cM to 63 cM. The effects of STAT1 gene on milk production traits were not significant in Holstein cows, although animals with CT genotypes showed fairly close to significant value for the corrected 305 d milk yield. However, Jersey cows with/7＂ genotype were 2.07 kg higher for test-day milk yield （P 〈 0.05）, 0.13 kg for fat yield （P 〈 0.01） and 0.07 kg for protein yield （P 〈 0.05） compared with animals having CC and CT genotypes. Definitely, the further research should be conducted to search this gene intensively with larger samples to identify polymorphism and any association between the economically important traits and genotypic class in Holstein cows. Finally, based on the findings, it was concluded that STATI gene might be used as a potential candidate gene to improve milk yield and milk fat and protein contents in dairy cows breeding programs.
基金sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (Y2007E09)Joint Earthquake Science Foundation (C08028)Special Application Research of Digital Seismic Wave Data ,Shangdong,China
文摘The Quality factor is the parameter that can be used to describe the energy attenuation on seismic wave. In theory, we can obtain the relationship between the change of the coda wave quality factor with time and the strong earthquake preparation process on the basis of the quality factor of a coda wave in a same ray path. However, in reality the coda wave quality factor measured by different seismic coda waves corresponds to different seismic wave ray paths. The change of the quality factor with time is related to non-elastic characteristics of the medium and the volume of scattering ellipsoid constrained by scattered wave phase fronts, besides the change of regional stress field. This paper discusses the relationship between quality factor, epicenter distance and different lapse time, and then discusses the relationship between quality factor and frequency. Furthermore the determination method of the coda wave quality factor is put forward. The improved determination method of the quality factor, which removes the influence of different earthquakes or propagation depth of scattered waves, may increase measurement precision, thus information pertaining to abnormal changes in quality factor and the relationship between the quality factor and earthquake preparation process can be acquired.
文摘Injection molding is a complicated production technique for the manufacturing of polymer products. During injection molding, it＇s hard to predict molding quality; the injection molding parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure and packing time, affect the final properties of product. The cavity pressure is a significant key factor. Residual stress and injection molding weight are significantly affected by the cavity pressure. This study created an approach to predict weight of injection-molded by real-time online cavity pressure monitoring. This study uses a 6-inch with thickness lmm light guide panel and the largest area beneath the pressure curve of time as well as the maximum pressure as its characteristic. The upper and lower limits of the control are set to ＋2 standard deviations, and GUI （Graphical User Interface）-based LabVIEW software is used to perform calculation and analysis of the pressure curve. The results of the experiment show that the online internal cavity pressure monitoring system can effectively monitor the quality of the molded products. In 500 injection molding cycle tests, its error rate was less than 8%, whereas the deviation in mass of the molded products selected through the system＇s filtering process was successfully controlled to be within ±4%.
