In this paper,it investigates the factors affecting successive brand alliance in which two brands from different product categories are featured together to introduce a co-brand.Based on the brand alliance theories,th...In this paper,it investigates the factors affecting successive brand alliance in which two brands from different product categories are featured together to introduce a co-brand.Based on the brand alliance theories,the degree of association,similarity,and complimentary fit between parents brands are important factors in determining successive brand alliance.By using the 5P's,which are premium price,perceived quality,product features,performance,and perceived image,as the measuring scale in brand attributes for each brand,it has reflected the change of brand attributes of the brands before and after brand alliance.400 subjects participate in the research,and 360 of which are valid.From this study,we conclude that when association between parents turns from "-" to "+" and similarity from "-" to "0",there is a trend of descending of co-brand attributes.When fit between parents turns from "-" to "0",there is also a trend of descending of co-brand attributes.While fit between parents turns from "+" to "0",there is a trend of increasing of co-brand attributes.The results show an interesting pattern of interactions among factors,which has important implications for managers in co-brand marketing.These also provide researchers with promising avenues for further study in brand alliance.展开更多
To quantify the response to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size ofLitopenaeus vannamei, the body weight （BW）, total length （TL）, body length （BL）, first abdominal segment dep...To quantify the response to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size ofLitopenaeus vannamei, the body weight （BW）, total length （TL）, body length （BL）, first abdominal segment depth （FASD）, third abdominal segment depth （TASD）, first abdominal segment width （FASW）, and partial carapace length （PCL） of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design. Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL. vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire, and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis. The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high： 0.515±0.030 for body weight and 0.394±0.030 for total length. After one generation of selection, the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth. In the 5th month, the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation. Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable. The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability; and selective breeding can be improved significantly, simultaneously with increased production.展开更多
The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,...The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.展开更多
For our investigation we have 235 measurements done in the east part of Democratic Republic of Congo by P.Herrinck during a magnetic survey including the graben region from the parallel joining Goma city and Mahagi ci...For our investigation we have 235 measurements done in the east part of Democratic Republic of Congo by P.Herrinck during a magnetic survey including the graben region from the parallel joining Goma city and Mahagi city, the region between Albert and Aka lakes, and the route from Aba to Kinsagani. During the surveys the density of recording points has been selected according to the importance of anomalies. In this way, the offset was 1 km where the disturbance was high in Goma city and 20 km have been sufficient along the route from Aba to Kinsagani. For the topographic and isostatic reductions only one cartographic document has been chosen that was the international map of the scale 1/1 000 000 which presents a certain characteristic of homogeneity.展开更多
Bali Action Plan provisions acknowledge the fact that developing countries are already making efforts to reduce emissions and move towards a low carbon pathway.The Copenhagen Accord mentions "Nationally appropria...Bali Action Plan provisions acknowledge the fact that developing countries are already making efforts to reduce emissions and move towards a low carbon pathway.The Copenhagen Accord mentions "Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be recorded in a registry along with relevant technology,finance and capacity building support.The phrase "measurable,reportable and verifiable" was critical to the agreement,and the way in which the concept of MRV is reflected in the post-2012 agreement will have significant implications for the effectiveness of that agreement for stakeholders in both developing and developed countries.It is worth looking for current examples of developing country programs that can be measured,reported and verified and examining how countries themselves currently undertake mitigation policies and measures.Many of China's domestic policies have been in effect for several years and thus provide empirical evidence for how such programs can work on the ground.This paper will highlight how MRV is currently applied domestically in China and will not make any specific proposals for negotiators;it only seeks to inform international discussion on how MRV might be applied in practice,and therefore what provisions might be required in a UNFCCC climate agreement.展开更多
This paper study stability of saturated salt solutions cells at 25 ℃. These cells were prepared and measured at National Institute for Standard （NIS-Egypt） to study the stability of the saturated salt solutions. Th...This paper study stability of saturated salt solutions cells at 25 ℃. These cells were prepared and measured at National Institute for Standard （NIS-Egypt） to study the stability of the saturated salt solutions. The study was carried out using three saturated salt solutions, which are Potassium Acetate 22.5%, Potassium Iodide 68.9% and Potassium Sulphate 97.3% to cover low, medium and high relative humidity. The study was carried out using different shapes and volumes half liter spherical, liter spherical and liter conical per each salt which was prepared. The apparatus which used in measurement system in the first time are the same which used after ten years. The results show that the change of relative humidity value after ten years ranged from 0.1% to 0.7%. This value is suitable within uncertainty ＋ 2%. The period of stability for each run for all cells was found to be more than five hours and this period enough for calibration. The measurements show that the cells are stable for more than ten years with accepted value.展开更多
In the novel approach to the diagnostic tests of continuous welded rail （CWR） track by the use of the tamping machine, the fundamental statement related to the recording of the curvature with a definite value of the...In the novel approach to the diagnostic tests of continuous welded rail （CWR） track by the use of the tamping machine, the fundamental statement related to the recording of the curvature with a definite value of the lateral displacement being subjected to verification, can provide a basis for the determination of the longitudinal axial force in the rail. An attempt has also been made to define an alternative factor which by means of the measured signals, could be used for the determination of the axial forces in the rail sections. A power engineering approach has been adopted to this concept. Within the framework of the experimental investigations, measurements were carried out in the track test section. The investigations were based on stretching the rail sections by stretchers and on lateral displacements of the track by the tamping machine. The operation of the measuring apparatus was also tested in the experimental railway track section while carrying out the geometrical adjustments by the tamping machine. As a result of next series of the investigation carried out in 2006-2007, the authors worked out a procedure of estimating the longitudinal forces in rails of CWR track.展开更多
Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the m...Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the measurement problems of labor＇s share of income from the perspectives of definition and data and their influences on the accuracy of the measurement results. Then it sums up and appraises several adjustment methods for existing measurement problems. Finally, the author estimates the operating surplus of private, unincorporated enterprises （OSPUE） in China using data from Urban household survey （UHS）, Rural household survey （RHS） and population survey, and further makes a correction to labor＇s share of income in China from 1993 to 2008 with data from flow of funds accounts. Finally, the author conducted trend analysis and international comparisons using the results obtained from the first part of the paper.展开更多
In order to establish the baseline finite element model for structural health monitoring,a new method of model updating was proposed after analyzing the uncertainties of measured data and the error of finite element m...In order to establish the baseline finite element model for structural health monitoring,a new method of model updating was proposed after analyzing the uncertainties of measured data and the error of finite element model.In the new method,the finite element model was replaced by the multi-output support vector regression machine(MSVR).The interval variables of the measured frequency were sampled by Latin hypercube sampling method.The samples of frequency were regarded as the inputs of the trained MSVR.The outputs of MSVR were the target values of design parameters.The steel structure of National Aquatic Center for Beijing Olympic Games was introduced as a case for finite element model updating.The results show that the proposed method can avoid solving the problem of complicated calculation.Both the estimated values and associated uncertainties of the structure parameters can be obtained by the method.The static and dynamic characteristics of the updated finite element model are in good agreement with the measured data.展开更多
The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air qual...The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.展开更多
In 2014, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） approved the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory （JUNA） project, which aims at direct cross-section measurements of four key stellar...In 2014, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） approved the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory （JUNA） project, which aims at direct cross-section measurements of four key stellar nuclear reactions right down to the Gamow windows. In order to solve the observed fluorine overabundances in Asymptotic Giant Branch （AGB） stars, measuring the key 19F（p,a）16O reaction at effective burning energies （i.e., at Gamow window） is established as one of the scientific research sub-projects. The present paper describes this sub-project in details, including motivation, status, experimental setup, yield and background estimation, aboveground test, as well as other relevant reactions.展开更多
Motivated by the recently updated experimental measurement on Bd→μ^＋μ^- and B^-→π^-μ＋μ^- decays by CDF and Belle collaborations, we revisit these decays, as well as B^-→ρ^-μ^＋μ^- decay, within the Standa...Motivated by the recently updated experimental measurement on Bd→μ^＋μ^- and B^-→π^-μ＋μ^- decays by CDF and Belle collaborations, we revisit these decays, as well as B^-→ρ^-μ^＋μ^- decay, within the Standard Model, and evaluate the effects of a family non-universal Z＇ boson. Under the constraint from β（B- → π^-μ＋μ^-）, we find the ranges of the Z＇ couplings SLRμμ 〈 -5.2 × 10^-2 or Dμμ^LR 〈 -8.1 × 10^-2 are excluded. Within the allowed Z＇ parameters spaces, comparing with the SM predictions, we find that B（Bd→μ^＋μ^-）, B（B^-→π^-μ＋μ^-）, and B（B^-→ρ^-μ＋μ^-） could be enhanced by a factor about 226%, 245%, and 254%, respectively, by Z＇ contributions. However, they are hardly to be reduced. Furthermore, the zero crossing in the normalized forward-backward asymmetry spectrum of B^-→ρ^-μ＋μ^- decay at low dimuon mass always exists.展开更多
文摘In this paper,it investigates the factors affecting successive brand alliance in which two brands from different product categories are featured together to introduce a co-brand.Based on the brand alliance theories,the degree of association,similarity,and complimentary fit between parents brands are important factors in determining successive brand alliance.By using the 5P's,which are premium price,perceived quality,product features,performance,and perceived image,as the measuring scale in brand attributes for each brand,it has reflected the change of brand attributes of the brands before and after brand alliance.400 subjects participate in the research,and 360 of which are valid.From this study,we conclude that when association between parents turns from "-" to "+" and similarity from "-" to "0",there is a trend of descending of co-brand attributes.When fit between parents turns from "-" to "0",there is also a trend of descending of co-brand attributes.While fit between parents turns from "+" to "0",there is a trend of increasing of co-brand attributes.The results show an interesting pattern of interactions among factors,which has important implications for managers in co-brand marketing.These also provide researchers with promising avenues for further study in brand alliance.
基金Supported by National Higb Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No. 2006AA10A406)the Key Laboratory of Marine Biology,Instihite of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. IaF201002)
文摘To quantify the response to selection, heritability and genetic correlations between weight and size ofLitopenaeus vannamei, the body weight （BW）, total length （TL）, body length （BL）, first abdominal segment depth （FASD）, third abdominal segment depth （TASD）, first abdominal segment width （FASW）, and partial carapace length （PCL） of 5-month-old parents and of offspring were measured by calculating seven body measurings of offspring produced by a nested mating design. Seventeen half-sib families and 42 full-sib families ofL. vannamei were produced using artificial fertilization from 2-4 dams by each sire, and measured at around five months post-metamorphosis. The results show that heritabilities among various traits were high： 0.515±0.030 for body weight and 0.394±0.030 for total length. After one generation of selection, the selection response was 10.70% for offspring growth. In the 5th month, the realized heritability for weight was 0.296 for the offspring generation. Genetic correlations between body weight and body size were highly variable. The results indicate that external morphological parameters can be applied during breeder selection for enhancing the growth without sacrificing animals for determining the body size and breed ability; and selective breeding can be improved significantly, simultaneously with increased production.
文摘The similarities and differences of ASTM and China GB standard are studied in three aspects:measure instrument,terminology and applicable field.They are similar on the measuring apparatus and GB has less measurements,such as girth,length and width measurements than ASTM and it lack across chest width,back width,total crotch length and shoulder slope which are important measurements in pattern making.ASTM classifies its standards according to the customers' size,gender and age.So we think GB standard could make some modifications from these fields to satisfy the users.
文摘For our investigation we have 235 measurements done in the east part of Democratic Republic of Congo by P.Herrinck during a magnetic survey including the graben region from the parallel joining Goma city and Mahagi city, the region between Albert and Aka lakes, and the route from Aba to Kinsagani. During the surveys the density of recording points has been selected according to the importance of anomalies. In this way, the offset was 1 km where the disturbance was high in Goma city and 20 km have been sufficient along the route from Aba to Kinsagani. For the topographic and isostatic reductions only one cartographic document has been chosen that was the international map of the scale 1/1 000 000 which presents a certain characteristic of homogeneity.
基金supports from Ministry of Science and Technology Project (Grant No.2010CB955300)
文摘Bali Action Plan provisions acknowledge the fact that developing countries are already making efforts to reduce emissions and move towards a low carbon pathway.The Copenhagen Accord mentions "Nationally appropriate mitigation actions seeking international support will be recorded in a registry along with relevant technology,finance and capacity building support.The phrase "measurable,reportable and verifiable" was critical to the agreement,and the way in which the concept of MRV is reflected in the post-2012 agreement will have significant implications for the effectiveness of that agreement for stakeholders in both developing and developed countries.It is worth looking for current examples of developing country programs that can be measured,reported and verified and examining how countries themselves currently undertake mitigation policies and measures.Many of China's domestic policies have been in effect for several years and thus provide empirical evidence for how such programs can work on the ground.This paper will highlight how MRV is currently applied domestically in China and will not make any specific proposals for negotiators;it only seeks to inform international discussion on how MRV might be applied in practice,and therefore what provisions might be required in a UNFCCC climate agreement.
文摘This paper study stability of saturated salt solutions cells at 25 ℃. These cells were prepared and measured at National Institute for Standard （NIS-Egypt） to study the stability of the saturated salt solutions. The study was carried out using three saturated salt solutions, which are Potassium Acetate 22.5%, Potassium Iodide 68.9% and Potassium Sulphate 97.3% to cover low, medium and high relative humidity. The study was carried out using different shapes and volumes half liter spherical, liter spherical and liter conical per each salt which was prepared. The apparatus which used in measurement system in the first time are the same which used after ten years. The results show that the change of relative humidity value after ten years ranged from 0.1% to 0.7%. This value is suitable within uncertainty ＋ 2%. The period of stability for each run for all cells was found to be more than five hours and this period enough for calibration. The measurements show that the cells are stable for more than ten years with accepted value.
文摘In the novel approach to the diagnostic tests of continuous welded rail （CWR） track by the use of the tamping machine, the fundamental statement related to the recording of the curvature with a definite value of the lateral displacement being subjected to verification, can provide a basis for the determination of the longitudinal axial force in the rail. An attempt has also been made to define an alternative factor which by means of the measured signals, could be used for the determination of the axial forces in the rail sections. A power engineering approach has been adopted to this concept. Within the framework of the experimental investigations, measurements were carried out in the track test section. The investigations were based on stretching the rail sections by stretchers and on lateral displacements of the track by the tamping machine. The operation of the measuring apparatus was also tested in the experimental railway track section while carrying out the geometrical adjustments by the tamping machine. As a result of next series of the investigation carried out in 2006-2007, the authors worked out a procedure of estimating the longitudinal forces in rails of CWR track.
文摘Accurately measuring labor＇s share of income is of great importance for China ＇S national policies, particularly its labor compensation policies during the 12th Five Year Plan period. This paper first analyses the measurement problems of labor＇s share of income from the perspectives of definition and data and their influences on the accuracy of the measurement results. Then it sums up and appraises several adjustment methods for existing measurement problems. Finally, the author estimates the operating surplus of private, unincorporated enterprises （OSPUE） in China using data from Urban household survey （UHS）, Rural household survey （RHS） and population survey, and further makes a correction to labor＇s share of income in China from 1993 to 2008 with data from flow of funds accounts. Finally, the author conducted trend analysis and international comparisons using the results obtained from the first part of the paper.
基金Project(50678052) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to establish the baseline finite element model for structural health monitoring,a new method of model updating was proposed after analyzing the uncertainties of measured data and the error of finite element model.In the new method,the finite element model was replaced by the multi-output support vector regression machine(MSVR).The interval variables of the measured frequency were sampled by Latin hypercube sampling method.The samples of frequency were regarded as the inputs of the trained MSVR.The outputs of MSVR were the target values of design parameters.The steel structure of National Aquatic Center for Beijing Olympic Games was introduced as a case for finite element model updating.The results show that the proposed method can avoid solving the problem of complicated calculation.Both the estimated values and associated uncertainties of the structure parameters can be obtained by the method.The static and dynamic characteristics of the updated finite element model are in good agreement with the measured data.
文摘The air quality inside vehicle is concerned widely in the world. The pollution inside vehicle is special serious in China. State Environmental Protection Administration of China is formulating the standard of air quality inside vehicle. However the measurement relates to many factors. Because of the small space, temperature easy changed, various ventilation modes, being close to pollution source of engine exhaust, there are differences between in-vehicle and indoor measurement. The influence of measuring factors was investigated. Those factors include temperature, preconditioning time, ventilation modes, engine state, and sampling fashion. The measuring mode and relating factors were discussed. The suggestion was offered.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.114905621149056011135005 and 11321064)
文摘In 2014, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （NSFC） approved the Jinping Underground Nuclear Astrophysics laboratory （JUNA） project, which aims at direct cross-section measurements of four key stellar nuclear reactions right down to the Gamow windows. In order to solve the observed fluorine overabundances in Asymptotic Giant Branch （AGB） stars, measuring the key 19F（p,a）16O reaction at effective burning energies （i.e., at Gamow window） is established as one of the scientific research sub-projects. The present paper describes this sub-project in details, including motivation, status, experimental setup, yield and background estimation, aboveground test, as well as other relevant reactions.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation under Grant Nos. 11105043 and 11075059Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No. 20114104120002Startup Foundation for Doctor of Henan Normal University under Grant No. 1006
文摘Motivated by the recently updated experimental measurement on Bd→μ^＋μ^- and B^-→π^-μ＋μ^- decays by CDF and Belle collaborations, we revisit these decays, as well as B^-→ρ^-μ^＋μ^- decay, within the Standard Model, and evaluate the effects of a family non-universal Z＇ boson. Under the constraint from β（B- → π^-μ＋μ^-）, we find the ranges of the Z＇ couplings SLRμμ 〈 -5.2 × 10^-2 or Dμμ^LR 〈 -8.1 × 10^-2 are excluded. Within the allowed Z＇ parameters spaces, comparing with the SM predictions, we find that B（Bd→μ^＋μ^-）, B（B^-→π^-μ＋μ^-）, and B（B^-→ρ^-μ＋μ^-） could be enhanced by a factor about 226%, 245%, and 254%, respectively, by Z＇ contributions. However, they are hardly to be reduced. Furthermore, the zero crossing in the normalized forward-backward asymmetry spectrum of B^-→ρ^-μ＋μ^- decay at low dimuon mass always exists.
