The incompatible probability represents an important non-classical phenomenon, and it describes conflicting observed marginal probabilities, which cannot be satisfied with a joint probability. First, the incompatibili...The incompatible probability represents an important non-classical phenomenon, and it describes conflicting observed marginal probabilities, which cannot be satisfied with a joint probability. First, the incompatibility of random variables was defined and discussed via the non-positive semi-definiteness of their covariance matrixes. Then, a method was proposed to verify the existence of incompatible probability for variables. A hypothesis testing was also applied to reexamine the likelihood of the observed marginal probabilities being integrated into a joint probability space, thus showing the statistical significance of incompatible probability cases. A case study with user click-through data provided the initial evidence of the incompatible probability in information retrieval (IR), particularly in user interaction. The experiments indicate that both incompatible and compatible cases can be found in IR data, and informational queries are more likely to be compatible than navigational queries. The results inspire new theoretical perspectives of modeling the complex interactions and phenomena in IR.展开更多
As the background of our study, we requested that practitioners use muscle hardness testers to conduct a digital assessment of muscle hardness layers that they can feel by palpation. We developed muscle hardness teste...As the background of our study, we requested that practitioners use muscle hardness testers to conduct a digital assessment of muscle hardness layers that they can feel by palpation. We developed muscle hardness testers to assess muscle hardness digitally from the reaction force and the depth in pushing a finger-shaped indenter, thereby simulating palpation. To assess muscle hardness digitally, we proposed this means using the reaction force and depth that are measured when the indenter is pushed, along with the elastic constant, and the differential elastic modulus. The tester is designed to be useful to ascertain effects of, or follow the course of, muscle layer treatment applied for shoulder stiffness and other conditions. As described herein, we confirmed the effectiveness of digital assessment using foam rubber consisting of an upper layer and a lower layer, respectively simulating the cortical and muscle layers of a human body. Additionally, monitoring six subjects, we digitally assessed the change of hardness of the trapezius muscle by changing the position of the upper extremity. Next, we were able to measure the change of hardness before and after treatment for 21 subjects with shoulder stiffness.展开更多
The issue of goodwill impairment has been debated in many countries throughout the world. Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） introduced fundamental changes in accounting and impairment me...The issue of goodwill impairment has been debated in many countries throughout the world. Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） introduced fundamental changes in accounting and impairment methods for goodwill. Since global stock markets went into decline in 2008, there has been much debate over the issue of goodwill impairment in the US and European stock exchange markets, especially on how large the write-downs should be. Complexity of International Accounting Standards （IAS） and IFRS focusing on goodwill and goodwill impairment techniques may lead to inconsistent compliance and varying levels of disclosure quality. The aim of this study is to analyze goodwill impairment during and after the recent financial crisis for companies listed on the Borsa Istanbul （BIST） 100 index and to assist the financial statement users in the assessment of disclosure quality under IAS 36, Paragraph 134d. Tools such as： （1） the period over which management has projected cash flows; （2） the growth rate used for cash flow projections; （3） the discount rate（s） applied to projections; and （4） methods employed to determine recoverable amount are analyzed. Insufficient disclosures on these tools are observed. The findings are of interest to researchers examining the implication of IAS 36, regulators, and policy-setters.展开更多
This study＇s purpose is to evaluate and analyse the indoor daylight quality in Pediatrics Ward in JUH （Jordan University Hospital）. It conducts an investigative analysis associated with an evaluative approach for t...This study＇s purpose is to evaluate and analyse the indoor daylight quality in Pediatrics Ward in JUH （Jordan University Hospital）. It conducts an investigative analysis associated with an evaluative approach for the daylight situation in patient rooms in the children section. A multi-method approach used including on-site measurements, and building model to develop a framework for lighting design in Paediatrics Ward, in order to determine whether the current quality meets the recommended values for patient rooms by CIBSE or not. The study considered the following variables： the differences in daylight environments （illuminance, luminance level, daylight factor）, and the physical environment properties of patient rooms in the hospital. The study found that the indoor daylight performance in terms of illuminance, luminance level, and daylight factor in east patient rooms are higher than the recommended values by CIBSE in the area nearest to glass window at the morning and less than the recommended values in the depth of the room at afternoon. Therefore, solar reflective technologies and shading system must be provided for enhanced day lighting control, avoid excessive glare and to guarantee a good level of visual comfort for patients and staff while reducing artificial lighting demand.展开更多
Accounting, being an integrated information system, is not merely influenced by its environment, but also affects environment as well, due to its crucial role in generating the necessary information to decision-makers...Accounting, being an integrated information system, is not merely influenced by its environment, but also affects environment as well, due to its crucial role in generating the necessary information to decision-makers. It has two main pillars： measuring and declaring the costs that result from the activities of companies, especially industrial companies because they affect the environment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate how well industrial companies are committed to measuring their environmental duties and declaring them in their balance sheets. This topic will be developed over two parts： scientific basis of environmental costs and accounting; environmental measuring and disclosure.展开更多
As international migrant workers, they should equip themselves with appropriate knowledge and skills to compete with other overseas workers in the global job market. This means that international migrant workers need ...As international migrant workers, they should equip themselves with appropriate knowledge and skills to compete with other overseas workers in the global job market. This means that international migrant workers need to improve their quality and ability. In addition, it also requires a high work and motivation to produce a satisfactory performance. Capabilities like cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities are needed to support performance Information related to three abilities also motivation is important from international migrant workers from the island of Madura to be analyzed. Based on the results of qualitative research using interview technique and observation on three informants who had worked abroad as nursing, baby sitter, and housekeeper whose data validity of interview result is measured using triangulation method, it shows different ability in working on his job （though having the same motivation） resulted different performance. Low performance due to lack of ability in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects resulted in workers who could not compete with other workers. The evidence came from the lack of contract extension for low-performing workers. It is therefore recommended for prospective international migrant workers to equip themselves with sufficient capacity through trainings undertaken by government training center （Balai Latihan Kerja/BLK）展开更多
We illustrate a metric geometry viewpoint for large deviation principles by analyzing the proof of a long-standing conjecture on an explicit Schilder-type theorem for super-Brownian motions given by the authors recent...We illustrate a metric geometry viewpoint for large deviation principles by analyzing the proof of a long-standing conjecture on an explicit Schilder-type theorem for super-Brownian motions given by the authors recently,and by understanding sample path large deviations for Fleming-Viot processes.展开更多
Cross-calibration of high energetic particle data is a primary requirement for the availability of multi-instrument, multi-spacecraft data. II also can provide a method to verify relative reliability of data from sing...Cross-calibration of high energetic particle data is a primary requirement for the availability of multi-instrument, multi-spacecraft data. II also can provide a method to verify relative reliability of data from single satellite measurement. This pa- per presents a case study of energetic particles data cross-calibration between FY-3B and NOAA-17. A generally good agree- ment is acquired in the flux values and distribution trend of 2.5-6.9 MeV protons and 0.3-1.1 MeV electrons between FY-3B and NOAA-17 satellites. It suggests that the data observed by FY-3B is properly cross-calibrated. We can also confirm that energetic particles data observed by FY-3B satellite is available.展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China("973"Program,No.2013cb329304)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61105072,No.61070044 and No.61111130190)International Joint Research Project"QONTEXT"of the Council of European Union
文摘The incompatible probability represents an important non-classical phenomenon, and it describes conflicting observed marginal probabilities, which cannot be satisfied with a joint probability. First, the incompatibility of random variables was defined and discussed via the non-positive semi-definiteness of their covariance matrixes. Then, a method was proposed to verify the existence of incompatible probability for variables. A hypothesis testing was also applied to reexamine the likelihood of the observed marginal probabilities being integrated into a joint probability space, thus showing the statistical significance of incompatible probability cases. A case study with user click-through data provided the initial evidence of the incompatible probability in information retrieval (IR), particularly in user interaction. The experiments indicate that both incompatible and compatible cases can be found in IR data, and informational queries are more likely to be compatible than navigational queries. The results inspire new theoretical perspectives of modeling the complex interactions and phenomena in IR.
文摘As the background of our study, we requested that practitioners use muscle hardness testers to conduct a digital assessment of muscle hardness layers that they can feel by palpation. We developed muscle hardness testers to assess muscle hardness digitally from the reaction force and the depth in pushing a finger-shaped indenter, thereby simulating palpation. To assess muscle hardness digitally, we proposed this means using the reaction force and depth that are measured when the indenter is pushed, along with the elastic constant, and the differential elastic modulus. The tester is designed to be useful to ascertain effects of, or follow the course of, muscle layer treatment applied for shoulder stiffness and other conditions. As described herein, we confirmed the effectiveness of digital assessment using foam rubber consisting of an upper layer and a lower layer, respectively simulating the cortical and muscle layers of a human body. Additionally, monitoring six subjects, we digitally assessed the change of hardness of the trapezius muscle by changing the position of the upper extremity. Next, we were able to measure the change of hardness before and after treatment for 21 subjects with shoulder stiffness.
文摘The issue of goodwill impairment has been debated in many countries throughout the world. Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） introduced fundamental changes in accounting and impairment methods for goodwill. Since global stock markets went into decline in 2008, there has been much debate over the issue of goodwill impairment in the US and European stock exchange markets, especially on how large the write-downs should be. Complexity of International Accounting Standards （IAS） and IFRS focusing on goodwill and goodwill impairment techniques may lead to inconsistent compliance and varying levels of disclosure quality. The aim of this study is to analyze goodwill impairment during and after the recent financial crisis for companies listed on the Borsa Istanbul （BIST） 100 index and to assist the financial statement users in the assessment of disclosure quality under IAS 36, Paragraph 134d. Tools such as： （1） the period over which management has projected cash flows; （2） the growth rate used for cash flow projections; （3） the discount rate（s） applied to projections; and （4） methods employed to determine recoverable amount are analyzed. Insufficient disclosures on these tools are observed. The findings are of interest to researchers examining the implication of IAS 36, regulators, and policy-setters.
文摘This study＇s purpose is to evaluate and analyse the indoor daylight quality in Pediatrics Ward in JUH （Jordan University Hospital）. It conducts an investigative analysis associated with an evaluative approach for the daylight situation in patient rooms in the children section. A multi-method approach used including on-site measurements, and building model to develop a framework for lighting design in Paediatrics Ward, in order to determine whether the current quality meets the recommended values for patient rooms by CIBSE or not. The study considered the following variables： the differences in daylight environments （illuminance, luminance level, daylight factor）, and the physical environment properties of patient rooms in the hospital. The study found that the indoor daylight performance in terms of illuminance, luminance level, and daylight factor in east patient rooms are higher than the recommended values by CIBSE in the area nearest to glass window at the morning and less than the recommended values in the depth of the room at afternoon. Therefore, solar reflective technologies and shading system must be provided for enhanced day lighting control, avoid excessive glare and to guarantee a good level of visual comfort for patients and staff while reducing artificial lighting demand.
文摘Accounting, being an integrated information system, is not merely influenced by its environment, but also affects environment as well, due to its crucial role in generating the necessary information to decision-makers. It has two main pillars： measuring and declaring the costs that result from the activities of companies, especially industrial companies because they affect the environment. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate how well industrial companies are committed to measuring their environmental duties and declaring them in their balance sheets. This topic will be developed over two parts： scientific basis of environmental costs and accounting; environmental measuring and disclosure.
文摘As international migrant workers, they should equip themselves with appropriate knowledge and skills to compete with other overseas workers in the global job market. This means that international migrant workers need to improve their quality and ability. In addition, it also requires a high work and motivation to produce a satisfactory performance. Capabilities like cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities are needed to support performance Information related to three abilities also motivation is important from international migrant workers from the island of Madura to be analyzed. Based on the results of qualitative research using interview technique and observation on three informants who had worked abroad as nursing, baby sitter, and housekeeper whose data validity of interview result is measured using triangulation method, it shows different ability in working on his job （though having the same motivation） resulted different performance. Low performance due to lack of ability in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects resulted in workers who could not compete with other workers. The evidence came from the lack of contract extension for low-performing workers. It is therefore recommended for prospective international migrant workers to equip themselves with sufficient capacity through trainings undertaken by government training center （Balai Latihan Kerja/BLK）
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.10971106 and 11271204)
文摘We illustrate a metric geometry viewpoint for large deviation principles by analyzing the proof of a long-standing conjecture on an explicit Schilder-type theorem for super-Brownian motions given by the authors recently,and by understanding sample path large deviations for Fleming-Viot processes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41204119)
文摘Cross-calibration of high energetic particle data is a primary requirement for the availability of multi-instrument, multi-spacecraft data. II also can provide a method to verify relative reliability of data from single satellite measurement. This pa- per presents a case study of energetic particles data cross-calibration between FY-3B and NOAA-17. A generally good agree- ment is acquired in the flux values and distribution trend of 2.5-6.9 MeV protons and 0.3-1.1 MeV electrons between FY-3B and NOAA-17 satellites. It suggests that the data observed by FY-3B is properly cross-calibrated. We can also confirm that energetic particles data observed by FY-3B satellite is available.
