强度型光纤浓度传感器的设计与实现

定义了回波强度概念。基于此概念 ,设计并实现了一种便携、实用的强度型光纤浓度传感器。推导了浓度计算的理论公式 ,对盐溶液和糖溶液的浓度进行了实验测定 ,其测量分辨率达到 2 .6 7× 10 - 4,实验结果与理论分析相符。该传感器具有结构简单、操作灵活和价格低廉等特点 ,在溶液产品质评、环境监测。

进一步探究环境因素对光合作用强度的影响

以菠菜、丝瓜和黄鹤菜三种常见植物的绿叶为实验材料，以不同浓度的NaHC03溶液提供不同浓度的CO2，在太阳（2780lx）和目光灯（2000lx）照射下，进一步探究了环境因素对光合作用强度的影响的实验。

恶臭污染的测定方法与预测模型研究进展

随着人们对环境问题的认识,恶臭污染已经成为一类典型的环境公害。我国的恶臭污染来源广泛,臭气浓度的测定成本昂贵,构建基于简易输入参数的臭气预测模型降低恶臭污染判定与控制的难度,是目前恶臭污染研究的热点问题。本研究从臭气定义的基本概念入手,总结对比了不同的臭气标准和测定方法。综述了目前常用的臭气预测模型,包括基于污染物浓度的多元线性回归法和不同的臭气浓度/强度预测模型,发现不同研究或者不同模型得到的结果差异较大。其中,为预测模型提供准确的嗅觉阈值是优化模型的关键。另外,作为一种环境问题,本研究也对臭气的大气扩散以及排放速率进行了综述研究,研究中使用不同的大气扩散模型对臭气的大气扩散过程进行预测。但不同模型需要的基础数据和知识背景不同,因此需要根据实际的应用场景选择合适的模型。排放速率作为大气扩散模型中的重要输入参数,可以通过不同的方法和装置进行测定,不同方法的测定结果存在差异,后续研究中需要依据更多的现场数据对预测结果进行验证。基于以上综述,本研究将为恶臭污染的识别和控制提供科学指导。

黑龙江中西部跨断层土壤氢气初步分析

地质构造运动多伴随地下气体的逸出,观测并研究地下逸出气体,会抓住某些地下构造活动信息。作为地球化学观测的灵敏指标之一,地下逸出的氢气能够指示断裂活动的过程。地处松辽盆地黑龙江中西部地区多年来已开展多期跨断层土壤氢气野外测量工作,利用积累的观测数据,初步分析该地区跨断层土壤氢气背景动态变化及构造活动、地震活动特征,以便为地震孕育过程中断层氢气演化异常判定提供依据,为建立区域地震短期预测动态方法提供思路。

湿喷技术在煤矿巷道支护中的应用

为了解决煤矿巷道支护时喷浆施工过程中存在的一些突出问题,济宁三号煤矿三采回风巷在喷浆施工过程中引入PS5I-H湿喷机,采用湿喷技术,不但使得喷浆回弹料进一步减少、现场粉尘浓度降低,而且最大限度地提高了巷道喷浆支护质量、节约了支护成本,为煤矿巷道支护走出了一条环保、高效、节约的新道路。

浅议文学作品中审美感情的抒写特点

文学艺术都以抒写审美感情见长,但具体表现却异彩纷呈。审美感情不等同于日常感情。它有以下抒写特点:从表现效果看,审美感情的抒写具有浓度和强度;从审美感情的表现内容说,有真度、纯度和深度的不同;从审美感情的表现形式讲,具有丰富性和复杂性;如此表里融合、纵横交织的审美感情抒写,描绘出缤纷微妙的感情世界,从而使文学独特的艺术魅力得以充分的发挥。

Influence of a New Nano-PE-film on the Greenhouse Environmental Factors

[Objective] This study was to evaluate the impact of a new controlled release anti-drip nano-PE-film （CRANPF） on greenhouse environmental factors. [Method] CRANPF and conventional anti-drip PE film （CLAPF） were compared in terms of air temperature, light intensity and CO2 concentration by the leafy agriculture greenhouse intelligent monitoring system. [Result] Compared to CLAPF, the air temperature rose slower in CRANPF during hot weather and had better photosynthesis efficiency. [Conclusion] Compared with ODLAPF, CRANPF has better perfor- mance and more extensive application prospects.

Slope Debris Flows in the Wenchuan Earthquake Area

Avalanches and landslides,induced by the Wenchuan Earthquake on May 12,2008,resulted in a lot of disaggregated,solid material on slopes that could be readily mobilized as source material for debris flows.Rainstorms triggered numerous slope debris flows with great damage to highways and rivers over the subsequent two years.Slope debris flows(as opposed to channelized debris flows) are defined as phenomena in which high-concentration mixtures of debris and water flow down slopes for short distances to highways and river banks.Based on field investigations and measurements of 19 slope debris flows,their main characteristics and potential mitigation strategies were studied.High rainfall intensity is the main triggering factor.Critical rainfall intensities for simultaneous occurrence of single,several and numerous slope debris flow events were 20 mm/day,30mm/day,and 90 mm/day,respectively.Field investigations also revealed that slope debris flows consist of high concentrations of cobbles,boulders and gravel.They are two-phase debris flows.The liquid phase plays the role of lubrication instead of transporting medium.Solid particles collide with each other and consume a lot of energy.The velocities of slope debris flows are very low,and their transport distances are only several tens of meters.Slope debris flows may be controlled by construction of drainage systems and by reforestation.

Cloud microphysical differences with precipitation intensity in a torrential rainfall event in Sichuan, China

High-resolution data of a torrential rainfall event in Sichuan, China, simulated by the WRF model, were used to analyze the cloud microphysical differences with precipitation intensity. Sixhourly accumulated rainfall was classified into five bins based on rainfall intensity, and the cloud microphysical characteristics and processes in different bins were studied. The results show that：（1） Hydrometeor content differed distinctly among different bins. Mixing ratios of cloud water, rain water, and graupel enhanced significantly and monotonously with increasing rainfall intensity. With increasing precipitation intensity, the monotonous increase in cloud water number concentration was significant. Meanwhile, number concentrations of rain water and graupel increased at first and then decreased or increased slowly in larger rainfall bins.（2） With precipitation intensity increasing, cloud microphysical conversion processes closely related to the production of rainwater, directly（accretion of cloud water by rain（QCLcr） and melting of graupel（QMLgr）） or indirectly（water vapor condensation and accretion of cloud water by graupel）, increased significantly.（3） As the two main sources of rainwater, QCLcrincreased monotonously with increasing precipitation intensity, while QMLgr increased slowly, even tending to cease increasing in larger rainfall bins.

Modelling and Fixed Bed Column Adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) onto Orthophosphoric Acid-activated Lignin

The advantage of using an available and abundant residual biomass, such as lignin, as a raw material for activated carbons is that it provides additional economical interest to the technical studies. In the current investigation, a more complete understanding of adsorption of Cr（VI） from aqueous systems onto HaPO4-acid activated lignin has been achieved via microcolumns, which were operated under various process conditions. The practice of using microcolumn is appropriate for defining the adsorption parameters and for screening a large number of poten- tial adsorbents. The effects of solution pH （2-8）, initial metal ion concentration （0.483-1.981 mmol.L-1）, flow rate （1.0-3.1 cm3-min-1）, ionic strength （0.01-0.30 mmol-L-1） and adsorbent mass （0.11 0.465 g） on Cr（VI） adsorption were studied by assessing the microcolmnn breakthrough curve. The microcolumn data were fitted by the Thomas model, the modified Dose model and the BDST model. As expected, the adsorption capacity increased with initial Cr（VI） concentration. High linear flow rates, pH values and ionic strength led to early breakthrough of Cr（VI）. The model constants obtained in this study can be used for the design of pilot scale adsorption process.

Effects of Illumination Intensity, 5-aminolevulinic Acid Concentration and Their Interaction on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Parameters and Yield of Summer Maize

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the influence of illumination intensity, 5-aminolevulinic acid （ALA） concentration and their interaction on chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and yield of summer maize. [Method] Two illumination intensity levels and five ALA concentrations were applied in the experiment using 2x5 completely balanced program. The two illumination intensity levels were natural light （So） and 60% shade （SO, and five ALA concentrations were 0, 1, 10, 25 and 50 mg/L. [Result] The relative chlorophyll content of leaf （SPAD）, the optimal/maximal quantum yield of PS II （Fv/Fm）, the photochemical quenching coefficient （qP）, electron transport rate （ETR）, grain number per cob and grain weight per cob in $1 treatment were significantly reduced compared with that in So. However, the non- photochemical quenching coefficient （qN） was significantly increased. The responses of these parameters to ALA were different under So and $1 treatments. The SPAD, Fv/Fm, qP, ETR, grain number and grain weight per cob were firstly increased, but then decreased following the raise of ALA concentration, ranging from 0 to 50 mg/L, whereas qN showed opposite trend. The effect of the interaction of illumination in- tensity and ALA concentration on these parameters was significant （P〈0.05）. Under natural light, summer maize could obtain higher SPAD, Fv/Fm, qP and ETR and lower qN combined with low concentration of ALA. However, high concentration of ALA was needed under shading to get the same results. [Conclusion] Soaking seed in suitable concentration of ALA can reduce the yield loss of summer maize caused by short-term shading in seedling stage.

The Collapse Intensity of Cavities and the Concentration of Free Hydroxyl Radical Released in Cavitation Flow

Enhancing the chemical reaction processes by means of the energy released in the collapse of micro bubbles or cavities in the cavitation flow is a new research area. In the previous work, a new approach of measuring concentration of free hydroxyl radicals induced in cavitation flow by using methylene blue as the indicator was developed and used to study concentration of free radical induced in Venturi cavitation flow under various experimental conditions. In the present research, the radial evolution of a cavity bubble and the corresponding collapse pressure in sonic cavitation field are obtained by solving three different bubble dynamics equations： Rayleigh equation, Rayleigh-Plesset equation and Gilmore equation. By comparing with the experimental data on the radial evolution of a cavity bubble in the literature, it is found that the predicted results by the Gilmore equation, which takes account of the compressibility of fluid in addition to the viscosity and interfacial tension, agree with the experimental ones better than those by other two equations. Moreover, the theoretically predicted collapse pressures are consistent with the concentration of the free hydroxyl radical induced in the experimental venture. Thus, the concentration of the liberated free hydroxyl radical not only influences the reaction rate but also is used as an available parameter for measuring collapse intensity of cavities.

Stormwater Runoff Pollution in a Rural Township in the Hilly Area of the Central Sichuan Basin,China

Stormwater runoff in rural townships has a high potential for water quality impairment but little information is available on strormwater runoff pollution from rural townships.To investigate the characteristics of runoff pollution in a rural township,a catchment(2.32 ha) in Linshan Township,Sichuan,China was selected to examine runoff and quality parameters including precipitation,flow rate,and total nitrogen(TN),dissolved nitrogen(DN),total phosphorus(TP),dissolved phosphorus(DP),particulate phosphorus(PP),chemical oxygen demand(COD) and suspended solid(SS) in 12 rainfall events occurring between June 2006 and July 2007.Results show that the annual pollutant loads were 47.17 kg ha-1 for TN,6.64 kg ha-1 for TP,1186 kg ha-1 for COD,and 4297 kg ha-1 for SS.DN and PP were the main forms of nitrogen and phosphorus in stormwater runoff.TP,COD and SS showed medium mass first flushes,in which nearly 40% of the total pollutant masses were transported by the first 30% of total flow volume.The peak of pollutant concentration appeared before the peak of runoff due to the first flush of accumulative pollutants in impervious areas and drainage ditches.The EMC values of TN,TP,DN and PP were negatively correlated to the maximum rainfall intensity,precipitation,total flow volume,and runoff duration(P<0.05,n=12),while EMC of COD and SS were not related to any rainfall characteristics.The FF30(FF,First Flush) for TN,TP,COD and SS were positively correlated to the maximum rainfall intensity(P<0.05,n=12),and TP was also positively correlated to the average rainfall intensity(P<0.05,n=12),indicating that the magnitude of first flush increased with the rainfall intensity in the Linshan Township.

Intraseasonal oscillation intensity over the western North Pacific:Projected changes under global warming

The 30-60-day intraseasonal oscillation(ISO) and 10-20-day ISO are two dominant oscillation modes over the western North Pacific during boreal summer.With daily data derived from eight CMIP5 models,changes of the ISO intensities are projected under the 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming levels under the Representative Concentration Pathway(RCP) 4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios.Most of the models agree that the ISO intensities increase along a belt region from the south Indochina Peninsula(ICP) to the east to the Philippines.The variation pattern shows little difference between different warming levels or scenarios.Results indicate that the spatial distribution of ISO anomalies is related with the variation of background fields.Enriched lower-level humidity and moist static energy favor the intensity increases of ISOs,which are projected to be larger over the whole western North Pacific,with the most conspicuous changes located over the east to the Philippines for humidity but over the south of the ICP for moist static energy.In contrast,the ISOs over the west to Indonesia and northeast to the Philippines decrease,which is consistent with the local descending motions.

Study on a Novel Disphase Supplying Supported Liquid Membrane for Transport Behavior of Divalent Nickel Ions

A novel d!sphase supplying supported liquid membrane （DSSLM）, containing supplying feed phase andsupplying stripping phase tor transport behavior ot NI（Ⅱ）, have been studied. The supplying supported feed phase included feed solution and di（2-ethyhexyl） phosphoric acid （HDEHP） as the carrier in kerosene, and supplying stripping phase included HDEHP as the cartier in kerosene and HC1 as the stripping agent. The effects of volume ratio of membrane solution to feed solution （O/F）, pH, initial concentration of Ni（Ⅱ） and ionic strength in the feedsolution, volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution （O/S）, concentration of H2SO4 solution, HDEHP concentration in the supplying stripping phase on transport of Ni（/I）, the advantages of DSSLM compared to the traditional supported liquid membrane （SLM）, the system stability, the reuse of membrane solution and the reten- tion of membrane phase were studied. Experimental results indicated that the optimum transpgrt of Ni（Ⅱ） was oh-tained when H2SO4 concentration was 2.00 mol＇L-＇, HDEHP concentration was 0.120 mol·L-1, and O/S was 4· 1 in the supplying stripping phase, O/F was 1 ： 10 and pH was 5.20 in the supplying feed phase. The ionic strength in supplying feed phase had no obvious effect on transport of Ni（Ⅱ）. When initial Ni（Ⅱ） concentration was 2.00x 10-4 mol/L, the transport percentage of Ni（Ⅱ） was up to 93.1% in 250 min. The kinetic equation was deduced in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the interface chemistry.

Numerical analysis of aerated heap bioleaching with variable irrigation and aeration combinations

Forced aeration is an effective way to accelerate the heap bioleaching process.To reveal the effects of different irrigation and aeration combinations on bioleaching performance of copper sulfides,numerical simulations with COMSOL were carried out.Results showed the oxygen concentration is the highest at the bottom with forced aeration,the airflow transports spherically from the aeration pipeline to the slope,and the horizontal diffusion distance is further than vertical value.When the irrigation-to-aeration ratio is higher,the average heap temperatures are mainly decided by aeration rates;otherwise,temperature distributions are the equilibrium of mineral reaction heat,the livixiant driven heat and the airflow driven heat.When the aeration rate is higher than 0.90 m3/(m2·h),oxygen concentration is no longer a limiting factor for mineral dissolution.Additionally,on the premise of sufficient oxygen supply,Cu recovery rate is higher at the bottom with low irrigation rate;while it is higher at upper regions with high irrigation rate.The numerical analysis uncovered some insights into the dynamics and thermodynamics rules in bioleaching of copper sulfides with forced aeration.

Electrokinetic phenomena of poly(vinyl butyral) hollow fiber membranes in different electrolyte solutions

The streaming potential of poly（vinyl butyral） （PVB） hollow fiber membrane was studied in different electrolyte solutions （including NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 and MgCl2）, the effects of ionic strength, ion valence and pH value on the streaming potential （SP） of the membrane were investigated. The zeta potentials and surface charge densities of the membrane were estimated on the basis of Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation and Gouy-Chapmann theory. The results show that the PVB membrane has a weak negative charge due to the specific adsorption of ions. Moreover, the streaming potential, the zeta potential and the surface charge density of the membrane depend strongly on the salt concentration and the type and valence of ions. The iso-electric point （IEP） of the PVB membrane is arotmd 3.0 in the monovalent media （NaC1 and KC1） and 3.5 in divalent electrolytes （CaCl2 and MgCl2）. A few retentions were obtained for PVB membrane in low concentration solutions. This result verifies that the negative charged membrane surface can reject inorganic solutes by means of electrostatic repulsion effect even though the size of membrane pores is much larger than the size of salts.

职业病危害预评价逻辑结构优化研究

针对目前大部分中小企业提交的可研报告基本上没提及防护设施设置方面内容的现状,结合预评价报告编制相关技术要求,研究利用类比检测数据有效推断评价项目作业岗位3种不同情况下的职业病危害因素预期浓度(强度)逻辑关系,并对职业病危害因素识别与评价、防护设施分析评价的逻辑结构进行重新优化调整。结果表明:评价逻辑重构后,类比检测数据与拟建项目各岗位的接触浓度(强度)更具可比性;防护设施分析评价的范围扩大到补充措施中,使得防护设施评价内容更具体、更全面、更能真实反映全部防护设施的合理性和有效性情况。评价逻辑重新优化后评价报告结构更严谨、条理更清晰、逻辑更严密,更具客观说服力。

The compressive strength experimental study of cemented soil under H2SO4 corrosive in earlier period

In order to simulate and study the erosion effect process such as the changes of corrosive depth and unconfined compression strength of cemented soil sample in earlier period from 0 day to 60 days, a series of tests including unconfined compressive tests, measuring the blocks＇ sizes, and taking photos, are conducted on the cemented soil blocks which were cured in different concentrations of H2SO4 solutions. The results of tests show that the corrosive depth is increasing and the unconfined compression strength is decreasing with the increase of H2SO4 solution concentration at the same erosion time, and the corrosive degree is increasing with the corrosive time. In the earlier state, the corrosive effect is serious, but the effect becomes slow in the later state in the same concentrated H2SO4 solution. After take statistics the date, a coefficient a is put forward to predict the reduction of the compressive strength of cemented soil in various concentration of H2SO4 solution, which could be used in practical design.

企业扩能项目职业病危害预评价方法探讨

通过对某厂房内扩能项目的职业病危害预评价,探讨原有生产线作为类比的合理性,为今后类似的建设项目职业病危害评价工作提供参考。我们对原硝化工房进行现场职业卫生调查及职业病危害因素检测,预测扩能后的职业危害程度,并在项目竣工后予以实测验证。结果显示,通过对扩能前后职业病危害因素的检测数据统计分析,噪声预测值与扩能后厂房内实际检测值比较,差异无统计学意义;毒物浓度不变或有所降低。提示,对在同一厂房内的扩能项目,选择已有部分作为类比对象是可行的。