In the animal raising sector of Hungary, the indigenious and special Hungarian product called Mangalica pig has a special significance. Some descriptions were made about the species but the concentration of this segme...In the animal raising sector of Hungary, the indigenious and special Hungarian product called Mangalica pig has a special significance. Some descriptions were made about the species but the concentration of this segment has not been examined, that is why the aim of the researchers is to analyse the concentration of the Mangalica population on the basis of various statistical methods in the last 10 years. The certain concentration indexes were the following the concentration ratio, the Lorenz-curve, the Gini-coefficient, the Herfindahl-index and the redundancy index. Through the analysis we realised that from 2000 a kind of concentration started, which in case of the concentration ratio, the Lorenz-curve and the Gini-coefficient were in 2001 and 2003 of the highest ratio. The Herfindal-index and redundancy index showed that the years of 2000 and 2002 were the most significant, because of a number of large-scale producers started their activities or developed their stocks in these years. On the basis of the results, it can be stated that in the years before the application and after the recession the concentration of the stock was instable, while at the beginning of the supporting period until the crisis the appearance of large-scale firms became equal but basically according to every index the concentration in the examined years was approximately average.展开更多
Soil microbes play important roles in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling. Climatic warming and elevated CO2 are two aspects of climatic change. In this study, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthes...Soil microbes play important roles in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling. Climatic warming and elevated CO2 are two aspects of climatic change. In this study, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthesise observations related to the effects of warming and elevated CO2 on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Ecosystem types were mainly grouped into forests and grasslands. Warming methods included open top chambers and infrared radiators. Experimental settings included all-day warming, daytime warming and nighttime warming. Warming increased soil actinomycetes and saprotrophic fungi, while elevated CO2 decreased soil gram-positive bacteria(G+). Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were negatively correlated with warming effects on gram-negative bacteria(G–) and total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA), respectively. Elevation was positively correlated with the warming effect on total PLFA, bacteria, G+ and G–. Grassland exhibited a positive response of total PLFA and actinomycetes to warming, while forest exhibited a positive response in the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria(F/B ratio) to warming. The open top chamber method increased G–, while the infrared radiator method decreased the F/B ratio. Daytime warming rather than all-day warming increased G–. Our findings indicated that the effects of warming on soil microbes differed with ecosystem types, warming methods, warming times, elevation and local climate conditions.展开更多
文摘In the animal raising sector of Hungary, the indigenious and special Hungarian product called Mangalica pig has a special significance. Some descriptions were made about the species but the concentration of this segment has not been examined, that is why the aim of the researchers is to analyse the concentration of the Mangalica population on the basis of various statistical methods in the last 10 years. The certain concentration indexes were the following the concentration ratio, the Lorenz-curve, the Gini-coefficient, the Herfindahl-index and the redundancy index. Through the analysis we realised that from 2000 a kind of concentration started, which in case of the concentration ratio, the Lorenz-curve and the Gini-coefficient were in 2001 and 2003 of the highest ratio. The Herfindal-index and redundancy index showed that the years of 2000 and 2002 were the most significant, because of a number of large-scale producers started their activities or developed their stocks in these years. On the basis of the results, it can be stated that in the years before the application and after the recession the concentration of the stock was instable, while at the beginning of the supporting period until the crisis the appearance of large-scale firms became equal but basically according to every index the concentration in the examined years was approximately average.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(31600432,41571042)The National Key Research Projects of China(2017YFA0604801)+2 种基金The Youth Innovation Research Team Project of Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling(LENOM2016Q0002)Chinese Academy of Science Western Light Talents Program(Response of livestock carrying capability to climatic change and grazing in the alpine meadow of Northern Tibetan Plateau)Tibet Science and Technology Major Projects of Pratacultural Industry
文摘Soil microbes play important roles in terrestrial ecosystem carbon and nitrogen cycling. Climatic warming and elevated CO2 are two aspects of climatic change. In this study, we used a meta-analysis approach to synthesise observations related to the effects of warming and elevated CO2 on soil microbial biomass and community structure. Ecosystem types were mainly grouped into forests and grasslands. Warming methods included open top chambers and infrared radiators. Experimental settings included all-day warming, daytime warming and nighttime warming. Warming increased soil actinomycetes and saprotrophic fungi, while elevated CO2 decreased soil gram-positive bacteria(G+). Mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation were negatively correlated with warming effects on gram-negative bacteria(G–) and total phospholipid fatty acid(PLFA), respectively. Elevation was positively correlated with the warming effect on total PLFA, bacteria, G+ and G–. Grassland exhibited a positive response of total PLFA and actinomycetes to warming, while forest exhibited a positive response in the ratio of soil fungi to bacteria(F/B ratio) to warming. The open top chamber method increased G–, while the infrared radiator method decreased the F/B ratio. Daytime warming rather than all-day warming increased G–. Our findings indicated that the effects of warming on soil microbes differed with ecosystem types, warming methods, warming times, elevation and local climate conditions.
