This study aims to explore the effect of GA_(3) concentration and soaking time on seed germination characteristics of blueberry.To be specific,big(B),medium-sized(M),and small(S)blueberry seeds were soaked in 0,100,20...This study aims to explore the effect of GA_(3) concentration and soaking time on seed germination characteristics of blueberry.To be specific,big(B),medium-sized(M),and small(S)blueberry seeds were soaked in 0,100,200,and 300 mg/L GA_(3) solution for 18 h and 200 mg/L GA_(3) solution for 0,24,and 48 h,respectively.The results showed that 300 mg/L GA_(3) had significant effect on the germination of B and M seeds(P<0.01)and enabled the germination 4~5 d and 7~8 d earlier,respectively.Soaking with 200 mg/L GA_(3) for 24 h was conducive to the germination of B and M seeds(P<0.05).However,GA_(3) concentration and soaking time had no obviously promoting effect on the germination of S seeds.The interactions between GA_(3) concentration and seed size and between soaking time and seed size were significant(P<0.01).展开更多
In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure,surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphori...In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure,surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents.Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume.The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics,phenol and methylene blue,on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1,while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.展开更多
The flooding characteristics of hydrofoil impeller were systematically investigated in a two-and three-phase 383 mm i.d. stirred tank operated on air, water and spherical glass beads. The volumetric solid concen-trati...The flooding characteristics of hydrofoil impeller were systematically investigated in a two-and three-phase 383 mm i.d. stirred tank operated on air, water and spherical glass beads. The volumetric solid concen-tration Cs was varied from 0 to 25%. And the superficial gas velocity Ug was at the range of 0-0.096 m·s-1. A fast and objective method for identifying flooding point NF is developed based on the statistical analysis of the pressure fluctuation signals. It is found, the effect of solid concentration on the flooding point NF depends on the gas velocity. At the lower gas velocity (Ug = 0.010 m·s-1), the solid concentration has only a minor effect. However, it displays a very significant effect on the flooding point NF at the medium and high gas velocity. The flooding point NF linearly increases with the gas velocity Ug, at lower solid concentration (Cs = 0, 10%). When Cs = 20%, the behavior of NF versus Ug becomes more complex. The correlations of the flooding characteristics in the slurry stirred tank are proposed by considering the solid concentration effect.展开更多
To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposu...To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure （control, 5, 40, and 160 gg/L Hg） for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, hone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation （LPO）, which was also tissue-specific and dose- dependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity and glutathione （GSH） levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.展开更多
Particles behaviour was monitored and analyzed in a stormwater wetland over a period of 4 months (June-September,2009).The results indicated that the particles behaviour can be affected by many processes,such as sedim...Particles behaviour was monitored and analyzed in a stormwater wetland over a period of 4 months (June-September,2009).The results indicated that the particles behaviour can be affected by many processes,such as sedimentation,resuspension,adsorption and release in stormwater wetlands during dry days.Due to the effects of these factors,the particles removal efficiency calculated based on the settling theory was significantly higher than the value obtained using the measured particles number concentration.And the measured efficiency showed a turning point in the range of 2-4 μm,which was within the colloidal particles range.Analysis of particle size distribution showed that particles were finer in the outflow than inflow due to sedimentation of the coarse particles and resuspension of the fine particles in the wetland.Particles in different size ranges play different roles in their contribution to turbidity and total suspended solids concentration.The finer particles (less than 10μm) showed a closer relationship with the turbidity while coarser particles (>4μm) were more related to total suspended solid concentration.展开更多
Solutions of gibberellic acid prepared at three concentration levels including 5, 10 and 20 mg/L, were applied at two seedless grape varieties, Thompson and Belgrade, by spraying, during the three different periods of...Solutions of gibberellic acid prepared at three concentration levels including 5, 10 and 20 mg/L, were applied at two seedless grape varieties, Thompson and Belgrade, by spraying, during the three different periods of the vine growing： before blooming, after blooming and before veraison, in order to study their influence on some cultural technological characteristics. Dimension and shape of the cluster and berry, mechanical characteristics of the berries and chemical content of the must （sugar and total acids） has been also investigated. It was noticed that the concentration of gibberellic acid had influence on the technological characteristics of the berries in all grape growing periods tested. The addition of gibberellic acid at concentration of 20 mg/L increased the weight of the cluster and berry, and increased the transportability of the berries belonging to the two seedless varieties.展开更多
In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method ...In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method is adopted for experimental design. The experimental results show that alcohol can trigger the shrinking and Ba2t can induce the swelling of the P（NIPAM-co-BCAm） copolymer. According to the phase transition tempera- ture （LCST） change results of the copolymer, the influence of variables on the LCST changes weakens in the following order： alcohol concentration 〉 alcohol species 〉 metal ion species 〉 BCAm concentration 〉 ion concentration. The larger the alcohol concentration and the larger the molecular size of alcohols, the lower the LCST value; on the contrary, the more the BCAm content in the copolymer or the larger the BCAm/ion complex stability constant （IgK） or the larger the ion concentration is, the higher the LCST value. For a P（NIPAM-co-BCAm ） copolymer with a fixed BCAm content, a binary function of ion concentration and IgK of BCAm/ion is developed to precisely predict the LCST values of the copolymer in different metal ion solutions. The results provide valuable information for fabricating artificial biomimetic G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium （GIRK） channels that are activated by alcohol and inhibited by Ba2＋.展开更多
Sperm motility is important in reproductive biology. To understand the physiological ecology characteristics of sperm of Sepiella maindroni, we studied the activation rate, active time, and lifespan of sperm to evalua...Sperm motility is important in reproductive biology. To understand the physiological ecology characteristics of sperm of Sepiella maindroni, we studied the activation rate, active time, and lifespan of sperm to evaluate the influence of external factors, including temperature, salinity, pH, glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, EDTA-2Na and artificial seawater on sperm motility. The results show that the appropriate activation and motility condition for sperm were： temperature 20-30℃ （optimum 25℃）, salinity 10.6-30.6 （optimum 15.9） and pH 8.0-8.6 （optimum 8.0-8.4）. Sperm activity varied in different concentrations of glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl〉 None of the selected concentrations of EDTA-2Na solution could activate the sperm. The activation rate in artificial seawater devoid of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ or HCO3- was low. The results should help further studies on the preservation and activation of squid sperm.展开更多
The role of roughness and composition on the wetting characteristics of a series of carbon nanofiber based coatings were studied in order to evaluate its superhydrophobic properties. In this study, idealized surfaces ...The role of roughness and composition on the wetting characteristics of a series of carbon nanofiber based coatings were studied in order to evaluate its superhydrophobic properties. In this study, idealized surfaces were created from a smooth stainless steel and aluminium sheets and two other stainless steel sheets with different textured surfaces. All surfaces were coated with carbon nanofiber alcohol solutions in order to generate coatings of variable compositions using mixtures of isopropanol, water and a commercial carbon nanofibre. The optimum concentration of carbon nanofiber in coatings was obtained to produce superhydrophobic surfaces. A general trend of increasing hydrophobicity was observed for coated surfaces as compared to the bare substrate. Individual contact angles were dependent on the nature of the underlying substrate, relative surface pattern, and roughness. Overall wetting properties were dependent upon composition and micro scale roughness of the coatings.展开更多
Protonating the pyridine rings of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) with dodecybenzenesulfonic acid and camphorsulphonic acid produces polymer materials which can be dissolved in chloroform (in contrast to the unprotonated poly...Protonating the pyridine rings of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) with dodecybenzenesulfonic acid and camphorsulphonic acid produces polymer materials which can be dissolved in chloroform (in contrast to the unprotonated polymer, which can only be dissolved in strong acids such as formic acid) and allows mixing the protonated polymers with other chloroform soluble conju- gated polymers for use in electronic devices. The protonating behavior of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) with two kinds of surfactants is different in some levels. Dodecybenzenesulfonic acid has higher protonating ability than camphorsulphonic acid.展开更多
Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design （CCRD） for K = 3 were used to investigate the combined effect of blanching time （0-1 min）, processing time （10-30 min） and sodium metabisulphi...Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design （CCRD） for K = 3 were used to investigate the combined effect of blanching time （0-1 min）, processing time （10-30 min） and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration （0%-2%） on vitamin C content, hardness （texture）, microbial count and color intensity of green pepper （Capsicum sinensis） during canning. Blanching, processing time and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration all had variable effects on the vitamin C, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of the canned green peppers. Significant （P 〈 0.05） interactions were noted between all the factors with high regression coefficients （78.7%-97.0%）. Increasing processing time caused significant decreases in vitamin C and microbial load of the product. However, salt concentration had only marginal and insignificant effect on the vitamin C content of the canned product. Sensory evaluation on the product showed that both the pre-processing conditions and of blanching and salt concentrations, and the processing time had varied effects on the color and hardness of the products. Hardness of the canned products generally decreased with increasing processing time and blanching time, while only minimal and insignificant effects were noted with blanching time. Increasing blanching time caused significant increasing retention of the dark green color of the peppers with only slight but insignificant increases noted with processing time, while increases in salt concentration consistently reduced the dark green color of the products. The optimum pre-processing and processing conditions that yielded products with high preference and consumer-acceptability were： blanching time of 0 min, processing time of 10 min and sodium metabisulphite concentration of 0.2%.展开更多
The study was conducted on the status of the quality of wastewater from the tailings dam of Central Africa Gold Limited in Bibiani, Ghana, to ascertain the level of contamination of the wastewater. The tailings dam st...The study was conducted on the status of the quality of wastewater from the tailings dam of Central Africa Gold Limited in Bibiani, Ghana, to ascertain the level of contamination of the wastewater. The tailings dam stores process effluent from the gold extraction plant. Wastewater samples taken from the tailings dam were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Arsenic, iron and cyanide were identified as the major pollutants in the tailings dam wastewater with average concentrations of 4.5, 25.2 and 11.1 mg.L1, respectively. Arsenic, iron and free CN （cyanide） concentrations in the process effluent exceeded the Ghana EPA discharge limits of 0.2, 2 and 0.2 mg.Ll, respectively. High conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulphate and ammonium were found in the wastewater studied. The tailings dam serves as a natural reservoir that removes most of the total suspended solids and the turbidity, resulting in the improvement in the aesthetic appeal of the wastewater. Nonetheless, arsenic, iron and cyanide concentrations were still high and hence the wastewater cannot be discharged into the environment without prior treatment.展开更多
文摘This study aims to explore the effect of GA_(3) concentration and soaking time on seed germination characteristics of blueberry.To be specific,big(B),medium-sized(M),and small(S)blueberry seeds were soaked in 0,100,200,and 300 mg/L GA_(3) solution for 18 h and 200 mg/L GA_(3) solution for 0,24,and 48 h,respectively.The results showed that 300 mg/L GA_(3) had significant effect on the germination of B and M seeds(P<0.01)and enabled the germination 4~5 d and 7~8 d earlier,respectively.Soaking with 200 mg/L GA_(3) for 24 h was conducive to the germination of B and M seeds(P<0.05).However,GA_(3) concentration and soaking time had no obviously promoting effect on the germination of S seeds.The interactions between GA_(3) concentration and seed size and between soaking time and seed size were significant(P<0.01).
文摘In this work we investigated the effect of nitric acid concentration on the pore structure,surface chemistry and liquid phase adsorption of olive stone based activated carbon prepared by mixing process using phosphoric acid and steam as activating agents.Chemicals and textural characterization show that the increase of HNO3concentration increases considerably the total acidic groups but decreases specific surface area and pore volume.The study of adsorption in aqueous solutions of two organics,phenol and methylene blue,on raw and oxidized activated carbon indicates that the treatment of mixed activated carbon with different concentrations of nitric acid improves the adsorbent capacity for methylene blue at HNO3concentrations less or equal to 2 mol·L 1,while it has a negative effect on phenol adsorption.
文摘The flooding characteristics of hydrofoil impeller were systematically investigated in a two-and three-phase 383 mm i.d. stirred tank operated on air, water and spherical glass beads. The volumetric solid concen-tration Cs was varied from 0 to 25%. And the superficial gas velocity Ug was at the range of 0-0.096 m·s-1. A fast and objective method for identifying flooding point NF is developed based on the statistical analysis of the pressure fluctuation signals. It is found, the effect of solid concentration on the flooding point NF depends on the gas velocity. At the lower gas velocity (Ug = 0.010 m·s-1), the solid concentration has only a minor effect. However, it displays a very significant effect on the flooding point NF at the medium and high gas velocity. The flooding point NF linearly increases with the gas velocity Ug, at lower solid concentration (Cs = 0, 10%). When Cs = 20%, the behavior of NF versus Ug becomes more complex. The correlations of the flooding characteristics in the slurry stirred tank are proposed by considering the solid concentration effect.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Creative Research Groups (No. 41121064)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2009AA09Z401)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-YW-Q07-02)the Public Interest Research Program in Marine Industry from the State Oceanic Administration of China (No. 200905019)
文摘To understand mercury （Hg） toxicity in marine fish, we measured Hg accumulation in juvenile Japanese flounder （Paralichthys olivaceus） and assessed the effects on growth and antioxidant responses. After Hg exposure （control, 5, 40, and 160 gg/L Hg） for 28 d, fish growth was significantly reduced. The accumulation of Hg in fish was dose-dependent and tissue-specific, with the maximum accumulation in kidney and liver, followed by gills, hone, and muscle. Different antioxidants responded differently to Hg exposure to cope with the induction of lipid peroxidation （LPO）, which was also tissue-specific and dose- dependent. As Hg concentration increased, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT） activities increased significantly, whereas glutathione S-transferase （GST） activity and glutathione （GSH） levels decreased significantly in the gills. SOD and glutathione peroxidase （GPx） activities and the GSH level increased significantly in the liver. SOD activity and GSH levels increased significantly, but CAT activity decreased significantly with an increase in Hg concentration in the kidney. LPO was induced significantly by elevated Hg in the gills and kidney but was least affected in the liver. Therefore, oxidative stress biomarkers in gills were more sensitive than those in the liver and kidney to Hg exposure. Thus, the gills have potential as bioindicators for evaluating Hg toxicity in juvenile flounder.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (GrantNo.:51002196,and 51009156)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.11lgpy100)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant No.10451061101005309)
文摘Particles behaviour was monitored and analyzed in a stormwater wetland over a period of 4 months (June-September,2009).The results indicated that the particles behaviour can be affected by many processes,such as sedimentation,resuspension,adsorption and release in stormwater wetlands during dry days.Due to the effects of these factors,the particles removal efficiency calculated based on the settling theory was significantly higher than the value obtained using the measured particles number concentration.And the measured efficiency showed a turning point in the range of 2-4 μm,which was within the colloidal particles range.Analysis of particle size distribution showed that particles were finer in the outflow than inflow due to sedimentation of the coarse particles and resuspension of the fine particles in the wetland.Particles in different size ranges play different roles in their contribution to turbidity and total suspended solids concentration.The finer particles (less than 10μm) showed a closer relationship with the turbidity while coarser particles (>4μm) were more related to total suspended solid concentration.
文摘Solutions of gibberellic acid prepared at three concentration levels including 5, 10 and 20 mg/L, were applied at two seedless grape varieties, Thompson and Belgrade, by spraying, during the three different periods of the vine growing： before blooming, after blooming and before veraison, in order to study their influence on some cultural technological characteristics. Dimension and shape of the cluster and berry, mechanical characteristics of the berries and chemical content of the must （sugar and total acids） has been also investigated. It was noticed that the concentration of gibberellic acid had influence on the technological characteristics of the berries in all grape growing periods tested. The addition of gibberellic acid at concentration of 20 mg/L increased the weight of the cluster and berry, and increased the transportability of the berries belonging to the two seedless varieties.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21136006)the Foundation for the Author of National Excellent Doctoral Dissertation of PR China(201163)the National High Technology Research and Development Program(2012AA021403)
文摘In this paper, we report on the comprehensive alcohol-/ion-responsive properties of a smart copolymer poly（N- isopropylacry]amide-co-benzo-18-crown-6-acrylamide） （P（NIPAM-co-BCAm））. The orthogonal design method is adopted for experimental design. The experimental results show that alcohol can trigger the shrinking and Ba2t can induce the swelling of the P（NIPAM-co-BCAm） copolymer. According to the phase transition tempera- ture （LCST） change results of the copolymer, the influence of variables on the LCST changes weakens in the following order： alcohol concentration 〉 alcohol species 〉 metal ion species 〉 BCAm concentration 〉 ion concentration. The larger the alcohol concentration and the larger the molecular size of alcohols, the lower the LCST value; on the contrary, the more the BCAm content in the copolymer or the larger the BCAm/ion complex stability constant （IgK） or the larger the ion concentration is, the higher the LCST value. For a P（NIPAM-co-BCAm ） copolymer with a fixed BCAm content, a binary function of ion concentration and IgK of BCAm/ion is developed to precisely predict the LCST values of the copolymer in different metal ion solutions. The results provide valuable information for fabricating artificial biomimetic G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium （GIRK） channels that are activated by alcohol and inhibited by Ba2＋.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.40646030)the National Agriculture Science and Technology Achievements Transfer Capital (No.2009GB2C2204)the Major Project of Zhejiang Province (No.2007C12061)
文摘Sperm motility is important in reproductive biology. To understand the physiological ecology characteristics of sperm of Sepiella maindroni, we studied the activation rate, active time, and lifespan of sperm to evaluate the influence of external factors, including temperature, salinity, pH, glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2, CaCl2, EDTA-2Na and artificial seawater on sperm motility. The results show that the appropriate activation and motility condition for sperm were： temperature 20-30℃ （optimum 25℃）, salinity 10.6-30.6 （optimum 15.9） and pH 8.0-8.6 （optimum 8.0-8.4）. Sperm activity varied in different concentrations of glucose, NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl〉 None of the selected concentrations of EDTA-2Na solution could activate the sperm. The activation rate in artificial seawater devoid of Ca2＋, Mg2＋ or HCO3- was low. The results should help further studies on the preservation and activation of squid sperm.
文摘The role of roughness and composition on the wetting characteristics of a series of carbon nanofiber based coatings were studied in order to evaluate its superhydrophobic properties. In this study, idealized surfaces were created from a smooth stainless steel and aluminium sheets and two other stainless steel sheets with different textured surfaces. All surfaces were coated with carbon nanofiber alcohol solutions in order to generate coatings of variable compositions using mixtures of isopropanol, water and a commercial carbon nanofibre. The optimum concentration of carbon nanofiber in coatings was obtained to produce superhydrophobic surfaces. A general trend of increasing hydrophobicity was observed for coated surfaces as compared to the bare substrate. Individual contact angles were dependent on the nature of the underlying substrate, relative surface pattern, and roughness. Overall wetting properties were dependent upon composition and micro scale roughness of the coatings.
文摘Protonating the pyridine rings of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) with dodecybenzenesulfonic acid and camphorsulphonic acid produces polymer materials which can be dissolved in chloroform (in contrast to the unprotonated polymer, which can only be dissolved in strong acids such as formic acid) and allows mixing the protonated polymers with other chloroform soluble conju- gated polymers for use in electronic devices. The protonating behavior of poly(pyridine-2,5-diyl) with two kinds of surfactants is different in some levels. Dodecybenzenesulfonic acid has higher protonating ability than camphorsulphonic acid.
文摘Response surface methodology and central composite rotatable design （CCRD） for K = 3 were used to investigate the combined effect of blanching time （0-1 min）, processing time （10-30 min） and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration （0%-2%） on vitamin C content, hardness （texture）, microbial count and color intensity of green pepper （Capsicum sinensis） during canning. Blanching, processing time and sodium metabisulphite （Na2S205） salt concentration all had variable effects on the vitamin C, microbial quality and sensory characteristics of the canned green peppers. Significant （P 〈 0.05） interactions were noted between all the factors with high regression coefficients （78.7%-97.0%）. Increasing processing time caused significant decreases in vitamin C and microbial load of the product. However, salt concentration had only marginal and insignificant effect on the vitamin C content of the canned product. Sensory evaluation on the product showed that both the pre-processing conditions and of blanching and salt concentrations, and the processing time had varied effects on the color and hardness of the products. Hardness of the canned products generally decreased with increasing processing time and blanching time, while only minimal and insignificant effects were noted with blanching time. Increasing blanching time caused significant increasing retention of the dark green color of the peppers with only slight but insignificant increases noted with processing time, while increases in salt concentration consistently reduced the dark green color of the products. The optimum pre-processing and processing conditions that yielded products with high preference and consumer-acceptability were： blanching time of 0 min, processing time of 10 min and sodium metabisulphite concentration of 0.2%.
文摘The study was conducted on the status of the quality of wastewater from the tailings dam of Central Africa Gold Limited in Bibiani, Ghana, to ascertain the level of contamination of the wastewater. The tailings dam stores process effluent from the gold extraction plant. Wastewater samples taken from the tailings dam were analyzed for physico-chemical characteristics. Arsenic, iron and cyanide were identified as the major pollutants in the tailings dam wastewater with average concentrations of 4.5, 25.2 and 11.1 mg.L1, respectively. Arsenic, iron and free CN （cyanide） concentrations in the process effluent exceeded the Ghana EPA discharge limits of 0.2, 2 and 0.2 mg.Ll, respectively. High conductivity, total dissolved solids, sulphate and ammonium were found in the wastewater studied. The tailings dam serves as a natural reservoir that removes most of the total suspended solids and the turbidity, resulting in the improvement in the aesthetic appeal of the wastewater. Nonetheless, arsenic, iron and cyanide concentrations were still high and hence the wastewater cannot be discharged into the environment without prior treatment.
