淤积与浚疏:清朝时期福州西湖的治理史

福州西湖自西晋严高引西北诸山之水注入而成,至今已有一千七百多年的历史。湖泊面积从原来的浩无际涯到后来遭到淤积填埋,甚至尽为民田。宋明两朝,政府都对福州西湖进行过较大规模的浚疏治理工作。有清一代,对西湖的浚疏工作就更为频繁,几乎四五十年便浚疏一次。通过对地方志和时人笔记的解读,可以还原清朝浚疏福州西湖的治理史,进而分析清朝时期福州西湖屡兴屡废的原因。

An Overview of the Concept of Regional Sediment Management

In this article we described the concept of ＂regional sediment management＂ （RSM）, and identified opportunities for and impediments to implementing regional approaches to sediment management, and also summarized the background information and applications of RSM. Furthermore, we considered the needs of RSM studies and, suggested the framework for developing RSM strategies, and described the specific studies for the Xiamen region.

Automatic Generation Method of Geological Cross-Sections in Dredging Engineering Based on 3D Solid NURBS Models

An automatic generation method of geological cross-sections in dredging engineering based on 3D geological solid models is presented.The 3D geological models are built applying the non-uniform rational B-splines(NURBS) technique,and a 2D profile can be calculated and generated automatically through Boolean operation to meet the demands of dredging projects.Moreover,an automatic marking method for geological attributes is put forward based on database technology,and the geological attributes include the profile name,scale,horizontal and vertical relative coordinates,geological lithology,and 2D standard lithology legend.At the same time,the automatic marking method can also provide an interactive mode for geological engineers to edit and modify the profile in the modeling system.Practical engineering applications show that the automatic generation method is a simple,flexible,fast and precise visual graphics rendering process that can create 2D standard profiles automatically and efficiently.This method also provides a convenient support tool for geological engineering digital analysis.

Numerical Calculation of Channel Dredging Volume Using 3D Digital Stratum Model

Prediction of channel dredging volume is critical for project cost estimation. However, many proposed approximate methods are not accurate. This paper presents a novel numerical method to accurately calculate the dredg- ing volume using a 3D stratum model (DSM) and a channel surface model. First, the 3D DSM is constructed rapidly yet accurately from non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS) surfaces through Boolean operation between a physical terrain model and a stratum surfaces model. Then, a parametric channel surface model is built from cross-section data and a channel center line using code implemented in the VC++ programming language. Finally, the volumes of different types of physical stratums can be calculated automatically and hierarchically to determine the dredging volume. Practical application shows that the DSM method is more precise and faster compared to the section method, and that the implementation of the developed software provides an interactive graphical user interface and visual presentation.

Research on the Solidification Mechanism Based on the Water Characteristic Curve of Solidified Dredged Sediment

The fractal model about water characteristics of solidified sediment was built according to the granular metric analysis curve of solidified dredged sediment, the measured value during the low-suction stage of the curing process was used for fitting parameters in the model to obtain the complete water characteristic curve of solidified dredged sediment. Then, the quantitative calculation model of capillary water, attached water, evaporated water and bound water was built by the water characteristic curve and from the view of quantitative angle, the paper analyzed the solidification mechanism of solidified dredged sediment. The result showed that： the model can realize the quantitative calculation about different tapes of water during the curing process, the evaporated water during the curing process mainly came from the capillary water, and the generated bound water during the curing reaction came from the attached water.

Investigation of Key Parameters for 3-D Dredging Plume Model Validation

Dredging plume dispersion studies, use dredging plume models to predict the fate of sediment plumes resulting from dredging activities and dredge spoil disposal. The model results are applied as input to environmental impact assessment of the proposed dredging, particularly those associated with suspended sediments and sedimentation. Model validation and performance are still not resolved because of the difficulty of site measurements and the understanding of the parameters used in the model. This paper presents a 3-D dredging plume model based on the MIKE3 software package to investigate parameters which affect the model performances. As a result of lack of site data for the public domain uses, the model scenarios are designed artificially for sensitive runs to identify the key parameters affecting plume behaviours. The factors include dredging spill rates using different dredging methods, equipment and sediment settling velocities. The influence of wave and wind effects combined with tidal forces on the sediment re-suspended rates and the advection/dispersion scales are also assessed.

Impact of Dredging on Sediment of Krishnapatnam Port, East Coast of India： Implications for Marine Biodiversity

This paper synthesizes the extent and nature of scientific information about how dredging activities potentially affect habitats and key ecological functions supporting recruitment and sustainability of estuarine and marine environment. Fourteen samples were collected after dredging （2008） from fixed sampling stations. The impact on community was estimated at species level （Foraminifera, Protozoan, using statistical analysis）. The maximum negative effect on benthic foraminifera was reduction by 60%, for species richness and by 50% for diversity. This data were compared with the data obtained before dredging （2006） in a time services spanning 2 years. Its revealed that reestablishment of directly with in less than 3 months of the end of dredging, although affected foraminifera and of physico-chemical substrate characteristic 2 years later there was a considerable improvement of whole faunal community. Statistical treatment was given to the data sets to know the relation among parameters. Before, this type of activity is undertaken, each case should be studied regarding viability, the environmental medium where it will take place, the best time of year, and the type of dredging to be used. Small-patch dredging operations are proposed when ever possible, since they allow a quick readjustment of the initial sediment structure and benthic foraminifera. These findings will help to underpin improved planning of management strategies for dredging operations in India and other countries.

Correlativity between blood measures related to blood stasis blocking collaterals and gene expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme of renal cortex in diabetic rats and effect of stasis removing and collaterals dredging

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlativity between the changes of blood measures related to blood stasis blocking collaterals and gene expression levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE)and ACE2 ofrenal cortex in diabetic rats with stasis blocking collaterals syndrome, as well as the effectof stasis removing and collaterals dredging.METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into normal control group(C group),high-carbohydrate-fat control group(H group) and streptozotocin(STZ)-injecting group. The diabeticrats were induced from rats in the STZ-injecting groupby high-carbohydrate-fat diet combined with STZ intraperitoneal injection, with sustained high-carbohydrate-fat diet fed afterwards, and were further divided into model group(M group)and Chinese medicine of stasis removing and collaterals dredging group(Z group). Rats in the Z group were fed with stasis-removing-and-collaterals-dredging herbal granule suspension intragastrically daily for 16 weeks, while drinking water of corresponding volume was administrated to the rats in other groups. At the end of the 16 th week after successful establishment of models, the ultrastructures of glomeruli in different groups were detected by a transmission electron microscopy; and blood measures related to blood stasis blocking collaterals, including lipid profile and blood viscosity measures, were tested, as well as the relative gene expressions of ACE and ACE2.RESULTS: Changes in ultrastructures of glomeruli in the M group were characterized by lack of clarity in structure and occasional thickening of glomerular basement membrane and extensive fusion in foot processes. The correlation analysis showed that there were positive correlations between lipid profile, blood viscosity, and the ACE mRNA expression levels in the M group(P<0.05), except for cholesterol. And except for triglyceride, the blood measures were in negative correlation with the ACE2 mRNA expression levels in the M group(P<0.05).Compared with the C and H groups, the lipid profile, plasma viscosity and blood viscosity were significantly higher(P<0.01). All the above-mentioned measures were significantly improved in the Z group rats(P<0.05). ACE mRNA expression was significantly higher in the M group thanin the C group(P<0.05). ACE2 mRNA level was significantly lower in the M group than in the C and H groups(P<0.01)and its levelin the Z group was higher than that in the M group(P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Blood measuresrelated to blood stasis blocking collaterals had positive linear correlations with ACE mRNAexpression and negative linear correlations with ACE2 mRNA expression in the M group. Chinese recipe of stasis removing and collaterals dredging could play a renal protecting role for diabetic rats by reducing lipid profile and blood viscosity, down-regulating ACE mRNA expression and up-regulating ACE2 mRNA expression.