论许地山小说创作中的浪漫主义

许地山的小说因其传奇的情节，瑰丽的语言，独特的人生理想，浓郁的异域情调显现出浪漫主义色彩，但这些浪漫主义色彩又被现实和宗教文化困囿，只能戴着“镣铐”跳舞，成为一种“理性浪漫主义”。

布莱克《飞虻》的寓意解读

以英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·布莱克的诗集《天真与经验之歌》中的《飞虻》为语料，结合诗人的个人经历与诗歌的创作背景，解读飞虻的寓意，认为：《飞虻》一诗强调了追求平等自由的思想，以及为了思想飞翔可以舍生忘死的理念。

《炉中煤》几点感想

文章提出郭沫若《炉中煤》一诗在中国现当代诗歌中,是"沉埋物被发现"咏物诗系谱的源头。《炉中煤》和郭沫若的其它浪漫主义诗歌一样,往往都有一种对现实事物"取正舍负"的特点。

《聊斋志异》与清初思想文化价值取向和审美思潮的关系

从思想文化和审美思潮的角度研究《聊斋志异》,是近年来兴起的一种新的研究视角.本文试图从明末主情浪漫思潮的延续、清代经世致用思想的反映、主情浪漫思潮与经世致用思想的并存、浓重的审美感伤情怀几个方面论述了蒲松龄的《聊斋志异》与清初思想文化价值取向和审美思潮的关系.

A Corpus-Based Analysis of the Animal Images in The Wind Among the Reeds

The Wind Among the Reeds, written from 1889 to 1939, is regarded as one of the most remarkable poetry collections of William Butler Yeats. It altogether includes 80 poems touching upon several themes such as love, religion, dignity, and life. Yeats is one of the most distinguished Irish poets throughout the world, whose works perfectly embody the incorporation of romanticism, modernism, and occultism. It is noteworthy that in some of his poems, animals are portrayed frequently or even taken as the title of a poem, such as bird, fish, swan and so on. Therefore, this essay attempts to study the meaning of animal images of this poetry anthology in terms of different writing phases of Yeats. Firstly, the author builds the corpus of The Wind Among the Reeds and employs corpus search software Ant Cone to check the number and distribution of the animal image. Next, the author focuses on certain prominent images and investigates them further by analyzing the concordance lines of them. Thirdly, according to the result of distribution information, the author also attaches importance to the phenomenon of image combination in the poetry and then explores its function and effect. To conclude, by exploring the animal image in The WindAmong the Reeds, a deeper understanding of the poetry and the writing style of the poet will be gained on another level. What is more, a more direct and objective data is provided through the method of corpus and its relevant software, thereupon a new research approach is introduced.

A Study of the Symbolic Meaning of the Main Characters in The Scarlet Letter

Hawthorne is an influential romantic novelist in America in 19thcentury. He is famous in handling the application of symbolism. The Scarlet Letter makes the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne known all around the world. The vivid description of the four characters in the novel shows that Hawthorne is skilful in the use of symbolism. The Scarlet Letter was published in 1850 and it is Hawthorne＇s most important symbolic novel, which stands as the best work of Hawthorne. It has great significance in America literature. Hawthorne used symbolism through the whole novel. The most obvious symbol is the four main characters in the novel： Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth and Pearl have their own symbolic meanings. This thesis is written in the hope to introduce ananalyze the symbolic meaning of the four main characters in The Scarlet Letter.

A Comparison between Heathcliff and Chillingworth from the Perspective of Romanticism

Heathcliff and Chillingworth are the two typical satan type heroes among literature works. To some extent, their revenge is similar, but there are also differences. However, there are few comparisons between the two heroes from the perspective of romanticism. From the analysis of the author＇s living background and their literary genre of the two works, the paper will analyse the reasons why Heathcliff and Chillingworth want to revenge, and reflect their similarities and differences in terms of their character, means, ending, and so on. The paper will analyse the two heroes by using the methods of literature data collection, text comparison and induction, and come to a conclusion that the romanticism carried by the two authors is influential in shaping the two satan type heroes. Thus to gain more details about the similarities of the two cruel revenger, and the differences of their individuality and different ways of revenge.

An Education through Nature That Goes beyond Nature： Wordsworth＇s Prelude of 1799

Wordsworth＇s Prelude of 1799 is presenting a poetic voice of education through nature that goes beyond nature. This essay considers the cycles and developments in the poem under the four themes of Unity; Impression; Time, Age and Season; Revolution.

Pope＇s ＂Language of the Heart＂ in Wordsworth＇ s Tintern Abbey

The Romantics＇ relationship with Alexander Pope and his literary authority was a complicated one, and William Wordsworth＇s opinion of Pope oscillated between reverence and disdain throughout his life. This paper seeks to explore the underlying emotions embedded in Wordsworth＇s borrowing of Alexander Pope＇s expression, the ＂language of the heart,＂ in the poem Lines Composed a Few Miles above Tintern Abbey, on Revisiting the Banks of the Wye during a Tour （1798）. The author traces Pope＇s use of the ＂heart＂ to refer to his literary predecessor Abraham Cowley in The First Epistle of the Second Book of Horace, Imitated （Pope＇s Epistle to Augustus） （1737） and to his father in An Epistle to Arbuthnot （1735）. In focusing on Pope＇s attribution of the ＂language of the heart＂ to his father and Wordsworth＇s reference using Pope＇s phrase to his sister Dorothy, the author demonstrates how the poets express at once fondness towards a beloved family member and a desire for detachment from the kin who is no match for the poet with regards to such qualities as erudition and ambition. Through these examinations, the author shows that the connection between Pope and his father and between Wordsworth and his sister, through the common adage of＂language of the heart,＂ is in fact representative of Wordsworth＇s own bearing with Pope.

The Joumey of the Magi： A Lyric Monologue for First and Second Voices and Three-in-One Character（s）

Although T. S. Eliot＇s ＂The Journey of the Magi＂ is a religious poem in the profoundest sense, the title of my paper is intended to give only a sly wink at Trinitarianism. My real object is to explain how Eliot contrived to manufacture a poem which, at fu＇st glance, resembles a dramatic monologue （generally understood as a poem for one voice----that of a historical/fictional/mythological character addressing a silent listener, group of listeners or reader）, yet which is slowly revealed as a lyrical monologue （for the poet＇s own voice） which yet--and this quite intentionally----contains considerably more than mere echoes of another two speakers： namely a Magus and the biblical translator and, most famously, sermon writer Archbishop Launcelot Andrewes （1555-1626） court preacher to James 1 and Charles 1 of England. I wish to show how Eliot, in writing what is ultimately confessional verse, goes out of his way to hoodwink the reader by allowing the first two of his ＂{The} Three Voices of Poetry＂ （1957） to overlap with and then incorporate the third. His own descriptions of these voices are （i） lyric, defined as ＂the poet talking to himself＂, （ii） that of the single speakerwho gives a （dramatic） monologuel ＂addressing an {imaginary} audience in an assumed voice＂ and （iii） that of the verse dramatist ＂who attempts to create a dramatic character speaking in verse when he {i.e. the author} is saying.., only what he can say within the limits of one imaginary character addressing another imaginary character＂ yet adding ＂some bit of himself that the author gives to a character may be the germ from which that character starts＂ （Eliot, 1957, pp. 38, 40）. The basis of my argument is that such an act of＂giving of the self＇ as the raw material for the creation of a dramatic monologue persona as well as a character designed for the stage had been part and parcel of Eliot＇s modus operandi up to and including ＂Prufrock＂ and The Waste Land; further, that in ＂The Journey of the Magi＂ and his later commentary upon it he fmally comes out and admits the fact, and in far clearer a manner than he does when defining the Objective Correlative in his essays on Hamlet. Far from attempting to erase the sense of selfhood from his poetry, I believe that Eliot, consciously or not, ended up by demonstrating to those who worshipped the Romantics and their cult of personality just how difficult it was to express the purely subjective self in poetry.

The Attics of My Life： Joy Within the Melancholic Lyrics of John Keats and The Grateful Dead

This essay is a culmination of intensive research exploring the commonality between Dr. John Keats＇ poetry and the lyrics of The Grateful Dead. As this is the 50th anniversary of The Grateful Dead, it is appropriate to celebrate that with a scholarly paper. In teaching my course The GrateJid Dead as Poets I discovered compelling intersections between English Romantic poetry and the lyrics of The Grateful Dead. These findings are useful and important because the work of the Dead spans five decades and endures in ways that assure their place in literary history as well as the music world. The importance of The Grateful Dead cannot be overstated. They bring hope, love, joy and philanthropy to the world, as did the English Romantic poets. There is much yet to explore; this essay is about only a few of the many Grateful Dead lyrics.

Dictatorship, Violence and Usurpation in Literature and Painting, Argentina, 19th Century

Dictatorship, violence, usurpation, even terror are presented in literary and art works. Under a dictatorship, usually works are censored and cannot be published or see the light until the regime falls. This was the case for almost 30 years since the 1830s in Buenos Aires, Argentina, under the government of Rosas, the Restorer. Three works by Esteban Echeverria and oils and engravings of several artists of the period will be compared to see how ekphrasis the communication between arts, is evident. At that time, the beginning of romanticism in literature, writers were interested in depicting reality according to their point of view. It is the political and social life of the city shown with an interpretation.

Reading Dickens Romantically： ＂Night Walks＂

This paper will examine the essay, ＂Night Walks＂ （2000）, to see how Charles Dickens （1812-1870）, a social-realist writer of the Victorian era, has used elements adapted from the Romantics in order to draw attention to the pitiable social conditions of Victorian London. Dickens＇ the realist paradoxically reflected a readiness to think and feel ＂without immediate external excitement＂. He expressed his alignment with Romanticism by way of a cultivation of feeling and empathizing. His genius was, as expressed by Bagehot, ＂essentially irregular and unsymmetrical＂ because he was ＂utterly deficient in the faculty of reasoning＂. His daily, or rather nightly walks provided him with the inspiration to follow the Romantic tradition of writing on walks. The essay under consideration, ＂Night Walks＂, clearly supports the notion that Romanticism was fallaciously opposed to realism. The paper will examine the ways in which the theme, style, and structure of the essay evoke the preoccupation of a Romantic soul--for whom the walk becomes a space for ＂encounter and reflection＂--and the Romantic mind which is empowered by ＂imaginative self definition or discovery＂.

The Travelling Muse Cathay and the Influence of Chinese Classical Poems on Ezra Pound＇s Poetics＊

This paper intends to study Ezra Pound＇s early poetics and his modemist poetry through a close research of the Eastern elements in the shaping process of his poetics and the significance and influence of his poetic thoughts on the American New Poetry Movement. In order to clarify the essence of Pound＇s early poetics under the influence of Chinese classical poems, the paper starts from the discussion of the influence of Cathay （1915） and his translation of Cathay; then it provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between Chinese classical poems and Pound＇s creation; and finally it has given an analysis of ＂In a Station of the Metro＂. Pound absorbed different poetic concepts from all of them and transformed his poetry from the conventional Romanticism to the innovative Modemism. What Pound innovated in the poetry composition is of great importance if the new era wishes to shake off the banality and out-of-date tradition in literature. Pound changed a whole generation of poets and set a good example for those who desire to write in a new way

A Comparative Analysis of＂The Little Mermaid＂ and ＂The Little Mer-persun＂ An SFG Approach

Informed by the framework of Halliday＇s Systemic Functional Grammar, this paper compares ＂The Little Mermaid＂ （1872） by Hans Christian Andersen and its parodic version ＂The Little Mer-persun＂ （1995） by James Finn Garner. Andersen＇s story creates gender stereotype by under-representing the heroine as an effectual Actor and Sayer but establishing the image of the hero as a powerful Actor and assertive Sayer. Garner＇s story, on the other hand, tends to subvert the traditional gender stereotype by representing the heroine as a more dynamic Actor and Sayer than the hero and by reversing the power relationship between the two. These differing characterizations reflect the two competing literary traditions and embedded ideologies of romanticist fairy tale genre and modem ＂politically-correct＂ parodic satire

Pursuing a World of Ecological Harmony An Ecofeminist Study of Willa Cather＇s Pioneer Works

Willa Cather （1873-1947） is one of the greatest women writers in the history of American literature, whose reputation centers on her novels about celebrating pioneer immigrants on Nebraska prairie and the American southwest. For long Willa Cather＇s pioneer works have gained great critical acclaim and have been interpreted from different perspectives such as mythicism, romanticism, and feminism. This paper, interpreting Willa C ather＇ s classical pioneer works of the three periods from the 1920s to the 1930s-My A ntonia （ 1918）, A Lost Lady （1923）, and ＂Neighbor Rosicky＂ （1930）, is devoted to making a full exploration into the evolution of her ecological thoughts from an ecofeminist perspective. In Willa Cather＇s three pioneer works of different creative stages, she deliberately constructs three eco-worlds as a standard of ecological harmony. In her three eco-worlds, Willa Cather not only investigates the relationship between man and nature, but also involves androcentrism, patriarchy, and other ecofeminist topics. Willa Cather＇s ecological views have undergone changes in her representation of three successive phrases. To interpret Willa Cather＇s pioneer works from the perspective of ecofeminism can provide a deeper comprehension about her works and her ecological thoughts for the world.

The Analysis of Handel Variations as an Example for Brahms Variations

＂Variations＂ is one of the main musical forms in compositional process. Johannes Brahms is one of the most important Romantic composers that used this form. Variations and Fugue on a Theme by Handel, Op. 24, （Op. 24, 1862） is a piece that Johannes Brahms wrote for solo piano in a highly creative style, which was classically arranged. Brahms took the theme from an aria in George Frederic Handel＇s Harpsichord Suite in B-flat major, HWV 434 （1733）. In Handel＇s work, the original theme was turned into five variations. With the purpose of exploring chromatic possibilities after the piano was developed from harpsichord, Brahms made 25 magnificent variations with an extensive fugue in his work. The purpose of this work is to prepare an explanatory document for pianists who intend to perform this piece and who are not familiar with such work. Also, it is hoped that piano performers will find explanatory points in this composition （e.g., stylistic characteristics） through comparisons with his other variations and start performing it more frequently

Imagination and Emotion in William Blake＇s Poems

Writer＇s imagination does not only provide inspiration for literary creation, but also contribute literature works with more dazzling brilliance. As a representative of the British Romantic Poetry--William Blake, whose poems are full of imagination, always concedes his emotion and thoughts in a variety of imageries, exposing the reality of his times within his poetry writing. However. William Blake＇s imagination is no castles in the air, but based on the religious mythology, historical background, and the poet＇s life experience and dream pursuit. Only with in-depth understanding of the imagination in William Blake＇s poems can those hidden emotions and thoughts be grasped and appreciated.

Study on Dickinson＇s Works under Intertextual Context

Based on intertextuality point of view, researching and studying Dickinson＇s background, education, her family, as well as the society where she lived. Analyzing the Dickinson＇s poets and other writers＇ or poets＇ works in different contexts of classical inheritance, and philosophical thought. To break up the text of the solitary, put the text in the associative network of readers＇ experience, take the text as the link of the writer and the readers, and connect the inheritance, experience of the writer and the readers＇ reading. Use the method of intertextuality to interpret the non-meaning of the text, then to understand the significance of existence of Dickinson＇s works. This thesis mainly studies from the following aspects： It reveals the intertextuality of the works of Dickinson and Shakespeare, Isaac Watts and some Romantic poets from the point of classical context. By studying from the point of Transcendentalism and Existentialism, It explores the intertexutality relationship between Dickinson and Emerson, Thoreau as well as other writers. It also disserts the significance and influences of Dickinson＇s works through comparing and analyzing the intertextuality between Dickinson and Li Qingzhao, Xi Murong, as well as Annebaby.

From the Romantic Sea to the Sea as the Global Commons＂ Portrayals of the Waterbody in Longfellow, Melville, and Ian Wedde

This article discusses the representation of the sea in selected works of W. H. Longfellow, Herman Melville, and lan Wedde, tracing its transformation from a romantic icon to a global commons. Despite differences in their portrayals, all three artists find stagnation alongside vitality in the ebb and flow or the rolling of the sea. Similar to Longfellow, Melville romanticizes the sea in Moby-Dick as an ultimate sanctuary, the domain of reveries. At the same time, Melville also portrays the sea as a global commons where U.S. capitalism dominates the global order and exploits the resources. In addressing the environmental issues such as the possibility of whales＇ extinction, Melville echoes ＂the tragedy of the commons＂ lamented by Garrett Hardin. Queequeg, the ＂primitive＂ man who saves Ishmael from the wolfish industrial capitalism is thought to be modeled after a MAori from New Zealand. Today, the M^ori＇s ancestral sea-based culture is threatened by economic globalization. Wedde, a New Zealand poet, confronted the plans to construct an aluminum smelter in his country. His poem juxtaposes themes of precariousness and desolation with resilience and defiant survival, a motif mirrored in Longfellow＇s and Melville＇s portrayals of the sea.