新铺地区晚三叠世早期腕足类及其古生态环境——兼论海百合类和双壳类假浮游古生态

本文论述贵州关岭新铺地区上三叠统下部竹杆坡组中部至小凹组下段所产的腕足动物群及其古生态环境。该区目前共获得腕足类6个目,6个科,7个属,8个种(含4新种)和1个属种未定。根据这些腕足类的固着方式、生活习性、贝体形态和大小,以及组合特征,可以从下到上将它们分为Pseudokoninckina,Laballa,L ingu loid等3个群落。该3个群落的生态底域分别位于BA4至BA3外侧、BA2和BA1,表明本区从竹杆坡组中部至小凹组下段的沉积环境是由较为深水逐步向较为浅水过渡,应为海退过程的沉积产物。同时,本文还论证了当时不可能存在为海百合类和双壳类提供假浮游的载体,它们应是底栖生物,并且指出那些被认为是假浮游的化石证据的分析与推断存在片面性。

刺参幼虫的变态和习性

刺参幼虫的发育可分为浮游和底栖两个阶段。浮游生活阶段包括三个幼虫期。它的特征是体表具有分布不同的纤毛。在囊胚期为周身纤毛,耳状幼虫期为纵行纤毛带,樽形幼虫为五条围绕幼虫身体的环形纤毛带,自五触手幼虫开始,原来的纤毛环逐渐退化,即进入第二阶段底栖生活阶段。 从耳状幼虫期至樽形幼虫期,幼虫的体长发生急剧的缩短,形成了幼虫发育的一种特殊生长曲线(见图表)。从樽形幼虫变态成五触手幼虫的时间很短(在水温为20-24℃下为1-2天),这是幼虫发育的最关键时期。 水体腔的变化是幼虫发育正常与否的重要标志。本文对水体腔的变化作了详细的描述,并指出了它在幼虫发育中的意义,特别是在人工育苗中可作为鉴别幼虫发育正常与否的重要依据。

Impacts of global warming on marine zooplankton

Global warming has been being a serious issue since 1980, and it impacts environment and biosphere. Here, we reviewed the physiological and ecological responses of marine zooplankton which is an important component of biosphere to the global warming. Much research on physiological changes in response to different temperature is given to discuss this issue. Furthermore, we focused on ecological changes of zooplankton to global warming and several indices such as abundance, biomass, biodiversity and biogeographic boundary are enumerated. Phenological changes of zooplankton were presented, followed by the prospects of this subject, viz. observing more functional groups, more concerning on zooplankton in tropical region and investigation on a species-level zooplankton system.