无人机航拍技术在海上测风场景中的应用探索

海洋工程,尤其是海上风电的迅速发展,对风场风速和风向的精准测量尤为关键,这对提升风能利用效率至关重要。然而,海上环境对传统测风技术提出了挑战,传统方法在海上的应用受到多重限制和考验。本文研究了无人机在海上测风领域的应用潜力,并分析了无人机平台的选择、传感器的配置、数据处理方法,同时提出了应对海上测风技术挑战的策略和解决方案。

渤海海上测风与沿岸实测风的对比分析

本文利用１９７９～１９８１年春、秋季黄渤海气象联防的大风资料，对海上为８ｍ／ｓ以上强风及大风天气情况下，渤海海上风与沿岸实测风进行日变化、季节变化、日较差分析以及多点间的对比分析。通过分析可以看出海上风、沿岸风及其比值都具有明显的日变化和季节变化，而且其比值与日较差随季节和风向而变化。该结果对于渤海海面风场客观分析具有重要的应用价值。

三体组合式FLiDAR浮标概念设计及幅频运动特性研究

海上激光雷达测风浮标系统在使用的灵活性、测风能力和成本等方面,相对于海上测风塔具有绝对优势,能够更好地满足海上风剖面测量的发展需求。针对浮动式激光雷达测风浮标(FLiDAR Buoy)系统的研发,提出新型三体组合式激光雷达测风浮标体的概念设计,并研究了其幅频运动特性。考虑测风浮标的稳性、运动响应和设备搭载的要求,对浮标体的结构及技术性能进行概念设计,并对主要搭载设备进行布置;在风浪联合作用下,对浮标体的完整稳性进行计算和分析,依据规则对其稳性衡准数K进行校核;忽略浮标体甲板以上的结构建立水动力模型,采用三维势流理论和Morison公式,计算分析浮标体的幅频运动响应特性,重点研究了浪向、水深和单体间距对浮标体RAOs的影响。结果表明,新型的浮标体设计较为合理,幅频运动性能良好,满足稳性的要求,浪向和单体间距对其RAOs影响较大,水深变化对其影响较小。

Numerieal Prediction of Storm Surge in the Qingdao Area Under the Impact of Climate Change

A typhoon-induced storm surge simulation system was developed for the Qingdao area, including a typhoon diagnostic model for the generation of wind and pressure fields and a 2D Advanced Circulation(ADCIRC) model for simulating the associated storm surge with a 200 m resolution along the Qingdao coastline. The system was validated by an extreme surge event Typhoon Mamie(8509) and the parameters of Typhoon Mamie were used to investigate the sensitivity of typhoon paths to Qingdao storm surges with four selected paths: the paths of Typhoons Mamie(8509), Opal, 3921 and 2413, the selection being made according to their relative position to Qingdao. Experiments based on the Typhoon Mamie(8509) storm surge were also conducted to study the possible influences of future climate changes, including the sea level rise and sea surface temperature(SST) rise, on storm surges along the Qingdao coast. Storm surge conditions under both present day and future(the end of the 21 st century) climate scenarios associated with the four selected paths were simulated. The results show that with the same intensity, when typhoons follow the paths of 3921 and 2413, they would lead to the most serious disasters in different areas of Qingdao. Sea level and SST affect storm surges in different ways: sea level rise affects storm surge mainly through its influence on the tide amplitude, while the increased SST has direct impact on the intensity of the surges. The possible maximum risk of storm surges in 2100 in the Qingdao area caused by typhoons like Mamie(8509) was also estimated in this study.

The upper-ocean response to typhoons as measured at a moored acoustic Doppler current profiler

A moored acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) data,satellite-derived sea surface wind data,and the chlorophyll-a concentration were used to examine the influence of typhoon events on the upper ocean in the central Luzon Strait. The data were collected between August 27 and October 6,2011. Large changes in ocean dynamics and marine life were recorded in the upper layers over the short term during the transit of each of the three violent typhoons that passed over the region during the study period. The geostrophic flow during the period of ADCP monitoring was comparable to the Ekman flow,recently shown to be prominent in the upper layer. Based on the influence of the three typhoon events that swept the Luzon Strait or traversed Luzon Island on their way to the South China Sea,we postulated a typhoon-induced upwelling around the ADCP and found that upward isothermal displacements reached 11.8–39.0 m,which was confirmed by the sea-level anomaly data recorded at the same time. This variability in the upper ocean may play an important role in biological activity,especially in offshore deep-sea regions.